• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.205-209
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• 1998

To evaluate immunotoxicity of skin decontamination kit(SDK) newly-developed in Agency for Defense Development(ADD), delayed contact hypersensitivity (maximization) test and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) test of SDK were performed and the results were compared with those of M 291. In maximization test, sensitization reaction was induced by id injection (2.5 mg / 0.1 $\textrm{m}{\ell}$/ guinea pig or 2.5 mg+CFA/0.1 $\textrm{m}{\ell}$/guinea pig) and topical application (2.5 mg/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$/guinea pig) with SDK or M291 at an interval of 1 week, and 2 weeks later, challenged by topical application with 25 mg/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$/guinea pig. SDK and M291 did not induce any reactions, showing 0 point of sensitization score and 0% of sensitization rate. In conclusion, it is suggested that SDK and M291 do not induce delayed contact hypersensitivity. In PCA test, rats were administered id with mouse anti-SDK serum and challenged iv with a mixture of antigen SDK and Evan's blue. SDK did not induce blue spots at the injection sites of both high (2.5 mg/mouse) and low (1.25 mg/mouse) dose-induced antisera. In contrast, BSA, positive control produced spots larger than 5 mm in diameter at the injection sites of BSA-induced antiserum up to $2^2$ ~ $2^4$dilution. In conclusion, it is suggested that SDK do not induce IgE production and is not a PCA-reaction inducer.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.562-567
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• 1994

Now para-phenylenediamine(PPDA) is generally used as component of most hairdyes because it can be used more conveniently and effectively than the others. But PPDA become known to cause side effects such as skin sensitization, contact dermatitis and eye irritation. So this study was done to restudy the safety of hairdyes containing PPDA. The results of experiment were as follows. 1. As a result of primary skin irritation test and eye irritation test in white rabbits, the solution containing 5% PPDA(in saline) were classified as weak irritant but four kinds of commercial hairdyes containing PPDA were proved not to have any irritation. 2. As a result of skin sensitization test in guinea pig, four kinds of commercial hairdyes were classified as Calss I(week irritant) but three kinds of commercial hairdyes induced skin sensitization for guinea pig to 5% in test groups. These results indicate that the actual toxicity of commercial hairdyes(four kinds) is negligible. But based on the results of experiment, it is thought that there is possibility of some commercial hairdyes to induce skin sensititization.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.434-436
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• 2007

In the previous study, we reported the inhibitory effects of Rodgersia podophylla root extract on tyrosinase activity and melanin production in melan-a cells. However, mechanism of the inhibitory activity and in vivo assay were not yet examined. This study performed the examination of the effects of Rodgersia podophylla root extract on protein expression and in vivo depigmenting activity using melan-a cells and brown guinea pigs. As the results of western immunoblotting analysis, treatment of Rodgersia podophylla root extract reduced tyrosinase expression rates in 10 and 100 ppm concentrations, dose dependently. Moreover, Rodgersia podophylla root extract exhibited depigmenting activity on UV-B induced hyperpigmentation in brown guinea pig skin. These results suggested that Rodgersia podophylla root extract could act as whitening agent for the skin via not only direct tyrosinase activity inhibition but also reducing of tyrosinase expression.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2016

This study was performed to examine the skin phototoxicity of purified bee venom (Apis mellifera L.) collected using bee venom collector. To confirm whether the gel containing purified bee venom (BV gel) causes photototoxicity when used for the skin medicinal products, phototoxicity testing was conducted using guinea pig models. The BV gel (0.1 ml/site) was administered transdermally to guinea pigs. 8-MOP was used to introduce positive control response. After administration, the guinea pigs were irradiated with UVA ($15J/cm^2$) with doses based on standard phototoxicity study guidelines. In the weight measurement and clinical observation, BV gel groups didn't show any significant changes compared with control group. BV gel groups did not show any symptoms such as erythema and edema formation of skin. This study demonstrated that BV gel has promising potential external treatment for topical uses that do not induce significant levels of skin phototoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.192-194
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• 2008

In our previous study, ethylacetate fraction of white ginseng (root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) extract inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity and melanin production in melanocytes. This study examined its effects on the expression of melanin biosynthesis-related enzymes to explore the depigmenting pathway. Moreover, depigmenting effect on animal skin was examined using UV-B induced hyperpigmented skin of brown guinea pigs. The ethylacetate fraction of the white ginseng extract exhibited depigmenting activity in the skin of brown guinea pig without visible edema. In addition, this fraction reduced tyrosinase expression in melanocytes. The results suggested that ethylacetate fraction of white ginseng extract might be used as skin depigmenting material by inhibition of tyrosinase activity and expression.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2011

Skin contact allergy (SCA) is not life-threatening, but a large number of people have been suffered from the reactions caused by various kinds of chemicals and products. Thus, in this study, radiation technology was employed to improve the traditional herb addition method on the SCA reduction of Rhus verniciflua sap (RVS). Rhus verniciflua has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine plant, but its urushiol derivatives are known as a major allergen for the SCA. The present study was commenced to assess the allergenicity of both gamma-irradiated and non-irradiated RVS by using guinea-pig maximization test (GPMT) in order to probe the mechanism of an SCA. In the acute dermal irritation assays, non-irradiated RVS caused erythema, but the irradiated RVS did not provoke any erythema on the abdominal skin of the guinea pigs. From the result of the GPMT, urushiols, the main chemical components of RVS, were identified as an extreme skin sensitizer, and the removal of urushiols by irradiation extremely reduced the erythema. These results suggest that radiation technology is a novel method to reduce SCA through the removal of urushiols of RVS.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 1991

Preventive effect of red ginseng saponin on experimentally-induced hyperkeratosis was investigated by ultrastructural observation, skin weight and epidermal lipid analysis. Hexadecane increased skin weight per unit area and epidermal lipids, free fatty acids, cholesterol and triglyceride in guinea pig skin. Topical application of ginseng saponin reduced these hyperkeratotic responses regradless of the concentration and the purity of ginseng saponin. Ultrastructurally, lipids and empty space-containing multiple horny cells were piled and nuclear remnants, desmosome, desmosomal bodies, tight junction were shown in the stratum corneum of hexadecane-treated skin.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1999

The immunogenicity of the recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rh-bFGF) was investigated by tests for active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), passive hemagglutination (PHA) and guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) in mice or guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were sensitized with rh-bFGF ($100-1000\;\mu\textrm{g}/kg$) or rh-bFGF-CFA mixture ($1000\;\mu\textrm{g}/kg$). All animals sensitized with rh-bFGF alone or mixture with CFA showed symptoms of anaphylactic shock. IgE antibodies to rh-bFGF were detected in sera obtained from rh-bFGF and rh-bFGF-Alum ($1000\;\mu\textrm{g}/kg$) sensitized mice, indicating that rh-bFGF has immunogenicity eliciting potential. IgG and/or IgM antibodies to rh-bFGF were also detected in all the sera obtained from sensitized mice by PHA. In the GPMT for delayed type skin reaction, no skin reaction was observed in sensitized guinea pigs after intradermal injection and dermal application of 0.01% rh- bFGF. However, these positive reactions were consistent with the results of another rh-bFGF, showing that rh- bFGF is a heterogenous protein to rodents. Considering the fact that rh-bFGF is a genuine human protein of which structure is identical to the endogenous human bFGF, it is thought that rh-bFGF is rarely associated with immunological problems in clinical use.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.154-160
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• 1994

The antigenicity of the aqueous extract of red ginseng (ARG) was evaluated using the following assay procedures : 1. active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in guinea pigs, 2 active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) in guinea pigs, 3 passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in guinea pigs, 2.active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) in guinea pigs, 3. passive cutanepous anaphylaxis (PCA) in guina pigs with serum for guina pigs sensitized with ARG and 4. passive hemagglutination (PHA) with serum from guinea pigs sensitized with ARG. 1. ASA : No anaphylaxis reaction was observed in any of the sensitized guinea pigs by elictitation with ARG. 2. ACA : No skin reaction was observed in sensitized guinea pigs after intrademal injection of ARG. 3. PCA in guinea pigs : PCA titer of sera from all the sensitized animals was less than 10 in eliciation with ARG. 4. PHA reaction : When eythrocytes coated with challenge antigen were added to sensitized sera, the hemagglutination titer was less than 1. These results suggest that ARG has no antigenicity under the conditions used. And the dose levels of ARG employed in the present experiment were confirmed not to suppress immune reactions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 1992

To clarify the requirement of L-ascorbic acid (AsA) in collagen synthesis, the incorporation of 1-$^{14}$ C-proline into the tissues of guinea pigs and the specific radioactivity ratio (proline/hydroxyproline) in collagen were investigated. Male guinea pigs maintained on the AsA-deficient diet were divided into three groups ; group A (AsA-deficient animals) : group B (control animals) supplemented with 5mg AsA/day ; group C (high dose animals) with 300mg AsA/day, and orally supplemented with or with-out AsA for 14 days. Collagen synthesis was estimated by measuring the incorporation of labeled pro-line into collagen in lung and dorsal skin, and the hydroxyproline contents in lung and skin. The AsA contents in the tissues were determined by high-peforrnance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and serum alkaline phosphatase activity was also measured. The serum alkaline phosphatase activity of AsA deficient group was very low as compared with those of AsA supplemented group. Incorporation of labelled proline into collagen and its specific radioactivity ratio in collagen increased with increasing levels of AsA in the tissues. There was a significantly positive relationship between the levels of AsA and hydroxyproline in the tissues.