• 제목/요약/키워드: growth yields

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지이산 피아골의 졸참나무와 서나무 군락의 물질생산과 분해에 관한 연구 (A Study of the Matter Production and Decomposition of Quercus serrata and Carpinus Iaxiflora Forests at Piagol in Mt. Juri)

  • Chang, Nam-Kee;In-Ja Kim
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.198-207
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    • 1983
  • The dry-matter production, the litter decomposition and the nutrient cycle were studied on Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora forests at Piagol in Mt. Jiri. With the growth curves of the annual ring, the time schedules for the maximum productivities and maximum yields were measured. In Q.serrata forest, the maximum productivity was 11.36 tons $ha^-1 yr^-1$ at the 49th year and the maximum yield was 115.78 tons $ ha^-1$ at the 73th year, and in C. laxiflora 7.24 tons $ha^-1 yr^-1$at the 35th year and 82.5 tons $$ha^-1 $$at the 53th year, respectively. The maximum productivities and the maximum yields of the leaves, stems and roots of the trees were calculated. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic carbon were measured.. While inorganic materials were the most abundant in the leaves, organic materials in stems. The maximumproductivities and the maximum yields of the constituents of the trees were calculated, assuming that the constituents of the trees increase allometrically. The decomposition rates were as follows: k = 0.301 for Q.serrata forest, and k = 0.364 for C. laxiflora forest. The litter of the former was decayed more slowly than that of the latter. The halftimes for decomposition were 3.2 and 1.9 years, respectively.

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피복처리가 감자추작에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Mulching Treatments on Fall Cultivation of Potato)

  • 최중현;조재영
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.126-132
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    • 1978
  • To examine the effects of P.E. film and rice straw mulching on fall grown potato(Shimabara cultivar) in the middle region of Korea, sprouted seed tuber pieces were transplanted with six kinds of mulching treatments on 24th July and harvested on 25th October. P.E. film mulching from transplanting resulted the perfect rot of transplanted seed pieces due to the excessive high soil temperature (noon soil temperature of about 4$0^{\circ}C$ continued until the middle of August). P.E. film mulching from 15th September to harvest increased the marketable tuber yields by 35% due to the raising of soil temperature by 1-3$^{\circ}C$ and maintaining of available soil moisture in dry season. Rice straw (whole or cut in 10cm length) mulching lowered the soil temperature in hot season and raised it in cool season and maintained available soil moisture in dry season. Therefore better emergence, growth and yields were induced. Effects of whole straw, whole growing season and thicker mulching were greater than cut straw, half growing season and thinner mulching. 6cm mulching of whole or cut straw during whole growing season resulted the increasing of marketable tuber yields by 56 or 48%.

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수종식물의 생육에 미치는 중금속의 영향에 관한 연구 1. Cadmium, Lead 의 영향 (Studies on the Effect of heavy Metal on the Growth of Various Plants 1. The Effect of Cadmium and Lead)

  • Kim, Byung Woo
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.176-186
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    • 1982
  • Uptake and effects of treated Cd and Pb in rose moss and tomato were studied in pot cultures. Three horticulural plants on the roadside were tested to determine the contents of heavy metals in plant parts. Yields of rose moss were increased by the increase Pb concentrations in soil. Yields of rose moss by Cd treatment were decreased in 1, 000 ppm group, but increased in 500 ppm group. Portulaca grandiflora Hook. proved to be tolerent of Pb and Cd added in soil. Yields of tomato were decreased by an incrase of Pb concentration in soil, and tomato proved to be weak for Pb added in soil. Pb contents in root, stem, leaf, and flower and seed of rose moss were increased by an in crease of Pb concentration in soil Pb content in root was the highest among them. Pb content was the highest in root of tomato, but the lowest in the stem. Among the heavy metal contents metal contents of three horticultural plants collected by roadside, it was the Chrysanthemum which had the highest contents of heavy metal among them. The heavy metal contents in stem were less than in the other plnat parts in all three plants. The number of flowers in rose moss was decreased by an increase of Pb, and Cd concentration in soil, but in tomato it was increased by an increase of Pb concentration in soil. Amount of rose moss seeds which were collected after cultivation was decreased by Pb, and Cd treatment in soil.

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Effects of Low Dose Gamma Radiation on the Root Growth of Soybean Cultivars

  • Yoon, Young-Man;Cho, Hyung-In;Chang, Sung-Hee;Kim, Nam-Bum;Kim, Jae-Sung;Kim, Jeong-Gyu
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.394-400
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    • 2000
  • ${\gamma}-Radiation$ at very low doses frequently has a stimulating or hormetic effect on the growth of organism. Effects of low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation on the root growth of soybean cultivars were investigated and hormetic effects by environmental conditions were compared with the occurrence of increased economic yield, seeds of cultivars were irradiated with the dose of $0.5{\sim}20Gy$ and cultivated in growth chamber controling temperature, humidity, light, greenhouse and field respectively. To understand hormetic effect on root growth of cultivars and the difference of hormetic effect by cultivation environment, harvested root of soybean cultivars were scanned with image file, and root surface area, root length, root average diameter etc. were examined by WinRhizo program. Also, dry weight of cultivars was examined. Root growth and dry weight of soybean cultivars showed apparently hormetic effect at cultivation of growth chamber condition. In field experiment executed for whole life cycle, yields of pea were not different significantly in each ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiated cultivars but weight of one hundred peas increased in whole ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiated cultivars. Increment of yield was assumed to be induced through shortening of maturing stage caused by ${\gamma}-ray$ hormesis in early growth stage.

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유전자 재조합 대장균 발효의 최대 생산성을 위한 생육에서 제품 생성으로 전환시기의 최적화 (Optimization of Switching Time from Growth to Product Formation for Maximum Productivity of Recombinant Escherichia coli Fermentation)

  • ;신평균;서진호
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.394-400
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    • 1990
  • 유전자 조작된 세포 발효공정의 생산수율을 최대화하기 위하여 세포의 성장속도와 제품 생성속도간의 상반관계를 고려하여야 한다. 유전자 조작된 E.coli 발효에 있어, 최적화 이론을 적용하여 두 속도의 가중치를 결정함으로써 생산수율의 최대화를 꾀하였다. 성장저해제의 농도는 비 성장속도를 조절하고 결국 융합된 유전자의 발현 속도를 조절하는 변수로 사용되다. 이런 system의 특성을 위하여 간단한 unstructured model를 사용하였다.

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The Manipulation of Milk Secretion in Lactating Dairy Cows - Review -

  • Rose, M.T.;Obara, Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.236-243
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    • 2000
  • A number of developments have occurred over recent years that are being used commercially or have the potential to increase the milk yield and consequently the efficiency of dairy cows. Bovine growth hormone is the most widely known of several attempts that have been made to alter the metabolic endocrinology of dairy cows to increase the rate of milk secretion. The factors affecting the milk yield response to growth hormone, growth hormone-releasing factor, thyroxine and placental lactogen as well as to the immuno-neutralization of somatostatin are briefly considered. Secondly, the recent greater understanding of the mechanism by which the milk yield is increased following more frequent milking, which has resulted from the identification and characterization of the feedback inhibitor of lactation (FIL) protein, is reviewed. The identification of this protein provides new avenues of research which may lead to a reduction in the rate of decline in milk yield with advancing lactation or to undiminished milk yields despite a reduction in frequency with which the animals are milked.

신개간경사지(新開墾傾斜地) 토양개량(土壤改良)과 작물생육(作物生育)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -I. 청예용(靑刈用) 옥수수에 대(對)한 비닐피복(被覆) 및 Zeolite 시용(施用) 효과(效果) (The Soil Improvement and Plant Growth on the Newly-Reclaimed Sloped Land -I. Effects of Vinyl Mulching and Zeolite Application on Silage Corn)

  • 허봉구;조인상;엄기태
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 1989
  • 경사지(傾斜地) 신개간(新開墾) 예산양토(禮山壤土)에서 Zeolite 시용(施用)과 비닐피복(被覆)이 물리화학성(物理化學性) 변화(變化)와 청예용(靑刈用)옥수수 수량(收量)에 미치는 효과(效果)를 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 Zeolite 시용수준(施用水準)(0, 500, 1,000, 1,500kg/10a)을 달리하고 비닐피복(被覆)과 무피복(無被覆) 조건(條件)에서 청예용(靑刈用)옥수수를 재배(栽培)하고 토양(土壤)의 물리화학성(物理化學性)과 작물생육(作物生育)을 조사(調査), 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Zeolite 시용(施用)으로 CEC와 내수성(耐水性) 입단(粒團)을 증가(增加)되고 토양경도(土壤硬度)는 감소(減少)되었으나 다른 특성(特性)은 변화(變化)가 적었다. 2. 비닐피복(被覆)은 무피복(無被覆)에 비하여 공극량(孔隙量), 기상(氣相) 및 토양온도(土壤溫度)를 크게 증가(增加)시켰으며 토양온도(土壤溫度) 일중교차(日中較差)(최고온도(最高溫度)-최저온도(最低溫度))는 생육초기(生育初期)에 크고 8월(月) 중순이후(中旬以後)에는 $2^{\circ}C$ 이내(以內)로 변화(變化)가 적었다. 3. Zeolite 시용(施用)은 뿌리 발달(發達)이 양호(良好)하고 생육(生育)을 좋게 하였으며 수량(收量)도 3~37% 증수(增收)되었고, 비닐피복(被覆)은 무피복(無被覆)에 비하여 초기생육(初期生育)이 양호(良好)하고 수량(收量)도 17~23% 증수(增收)되었다. 4. 내수성(耐水性) 입단(粒團)과 경도(硬度), 그리고 공극량(孔隙量), 기상(氣相) 및 내수성(耐水性) 입단(粒團)과 청예용(靑刈用)옥수수 수량간(收量間)에는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性) 있는 상관(相關)이 있었다.

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시설채소의 수경재배방법별 소비수량과 생육에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Water Consumption and Growth of Vegetables Cultivated by Hydroponics in' the Green House)

  • 김시원;이경희;김유현;김선주;임창영
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.31-44
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    • 1989
  • In the vinyl house cultivation, the water consumption, evapotnanspirafion ratio, growth condifion by the growing stages and yields of tomato and cucumber were investigated when they cultivated by nutriculture, rice hull charcoal culture and NFF culture. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The mean air temperature in the vinyl house during the experimental perica j was 1.9$^{\circ}$C higher than the outdoor air temperature, the rrnocirnum and minimum air temperature in the vinyl house was 4.6C and 1.7$^{\circ}$C higher than the outdoor temperature, respectively, and the mean daily evaporation in the vinyl house during the experimental period was 4.3rnm that is 02rnrn more than the outdoor evaporation 2. In the tomato cultivation, the growth of rice hull charcoal culture was the best among the three methods, and the growth of NFT culture and nutriculture were worse than the soil cultivation which is standard, and among the nutriculture, the growth of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the best. 3. In the cucumber cultivation, the growth of rice hull charcoal culture was the best, and while the growth condition of NFT culture was worse than the standard soil cultivation, the growth of nutriculture was better than the standard soil cultivation, and the growth of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the highest among the different treatments in the nutriculture. 4. In the tomato cultivation, the total water consumption of rice hull charcoal culture plot was 1107.5rnm which is the highest amount among the three methods, and in the nutriculture, the total water consumption of EC 1.3m.mho plot was 22lAmm which is the highest among the three different treatments. 5. In the cucumber cultivation, the total water consumption of rice hull charcoal culture was 11762rnm which is the highest, and the total water consumption of EC 1.3m.mho plot was 284.9rnm which is more than the 278.9mm of EC 1.Smmho plot and 262.9mm of EC 1.7rnmho plot. 6. The crop coefficient(Kc) of tomato was 0.82 in NFT culture, 4.67 in rice hull charcoar culture and 0.86~0.91 in nutriculture. 7. The crop coefficient(Kc) of cucumber was higher than tomato as 1.13 in NFT culture, 520 in rice hull charcoal culture and 1.08~1.19 in nutriculture. 8. The evapotranspiration ratio in the mid and late season were higher than the beginning and elongation stage, and the average evaportranspiration ratio of tomato and cucumber was 3.81 and 424, respectively, in the rice hull charcoal culture plot. 9. In the tomato cultivation, the total yield per plant of rice bull charcoal culture was 1443.Og which is the highest, and in the nutriculture, their yields were worse because of the damage of downy nidew disease. 10. In the cucumber cultivation, the total yield per plant of rice hull charcoal culture was 1965.7g which is the highest, and while the yield of NFT culture was ahout 25% lower than the stadard soil cultivation, the yield of nutriculture was higher than the standard soil cultivation, and among the treatments in the nutriculture, the yield of EC 1.3m.mho plot was the highest.

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A Novel Production Method for High-Fructose Glucose Syrup from Sucrose-Containing Biomass by a Newly Isolated Strain of Osmotolerant Meyerozyma guilliermondii

  • Khattab, Sadat Mohammad Rezq;Kodaki, Tsutomu
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.675-683
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    • 2016
  • One osmotolerant strain from among 44 yeast isolates was selected based on its growth abilities in media containing high concentrations of sucrose. This selected strain, named SK-ENNY, was identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer regions and partial D1/D2 large-subunit domains of the 26S ribosomal RNA. SK-ENNY was utilized to produce high-fructose glucose syrup (HFGS) from sucrose-containing biomass. Conversion rates to HFGS from 310-610 g/l of pure sucrose and from 75-310 g/l of sugar beet molasses were 73.5-94.1% and 76.2-91.1%, respectively. In the syrups produced, fructose yields were 89.4-100% and 96.5-100% and glucose yields were 57.6-82.5% and 55.3-79.5% of the theoretical values for pure sucrose and molasses sugars, respectively. This is the first report of employing M. guilliermondii for production of HFGS from sucrose-containing biomass.

Co-Production of Dextran and Mannitol by Leuconostoc mesenteroides

  • YOO, SUN KYUN;DOMAN KIM;DONAL F. DAY
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제11권5호
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    • pp.880-883
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    • 2001
  • To optimize co-production of dextran and mannitol from sucrose by Leuconostoc mesenterides ATCC 13146, a batch culture fermentation was conducted by using various concentrations of sucrose and initial culture pHs. The production of dextran and mannitol showed a growth-associated pattern. The highest yields of both dextran and mannitol were obtained at pH 6.0 and $10\%$ (w/v) sucrose. They could be easily separated by using alcohol fractionation. Maximum yields of dexran and mannitol were 0.45 and 0.35 of the consumed sucrose, respectively. Overall productivities of dextran and mannitol were 1.47 and 0.37 g/l/h, respectively.

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