• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

This research is according to the a future-oriented strategy, low-carbon green growth, and it is a basic research for dissemination of rural housing standard plan. Through the survey of plans use, we look at ways to rural housing standard plan use and then needed to establish measures for this. Looking at the type of used plans, we can find several points. One of them, 19 kinds of rural housing standard plans were used among the 61 total cases. Almost all change the plan, the reasons is different for the condition of the land, such as site conditions, family members, personal preferences, house color or material. A few cases have been constructed as rural housing standard plans, but rural housing standard plans are important data for the rural resident to determine plans, and it has an important role in the rural housing design process. Common features of the many rural houses is concrete structure, two stories, and construction period is two to three months. Land area is $300m^2$ to $600m^2$, building area is $71m^2-110m^2$. Heating system is an oil boiler.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the relationship between Information and Communication Technology (ICT) goods imports and economic growth with a focus on the 13 Asia-Pacific economies during 2005-2016. In particular, this paper extends the study by breaking down the data of Asia-Pacific countries into High Income Countries (HICs) and Low Income Countries (LICs) according to the difference of income levels. Design/methodology - Our empirical model employs the standard growth model based on the Barro (1998)-type growth framework. Using static panel-data technique, we estimate the effect of ICT goods imports on economic growth in the 13 Asia-Pacific economies. In addition, we also estimate a difference of the ICT goods imports-economic growth link between HICs and LICs. Findings -The estimation results indicate that ICT goods import has a significant positive effect on economic growth, while ICT goods export has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on it. When we break down the panel data into HICs and LICs in order to gain further insight, ICT goods imports has been effective in spurring growth in only LICs but not in HICs. The other supplementary results show that both domestic investment (GCF) and life expectancy (LE) have a significantly positive impact on economic growth in both HICs and LICs. Originality/value - The main findings of the paper suggest that ICT goods imports has a positive effect on economic growth in only LICs but not in HICs. This result supports the so-called 'leapfrogging' hypothesis through ICT goods imports in the Asia-Pacific countries, in which LICs are gaining more from ICT goods imports than HICs.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2010

This paper is on the premise that we need objective and measurable researches on quality evaluation of serious game for users' correct selection of games fitting for their purposes, for development of competitive high-quality game, and for stable growth of game industry. At first, we looked into various characteristics of serious game, read the present situation of game market, and proposed the necessity of quality evaluating model for serious game. To guarantee the objectivity of the proposed models, we compared and analyzed various proposals of standard model on the basis of international standard quality-evaluating model, ISO/IEC 9126 S/W. And so we extracted quality-evaluating items for serious game that composed of 8 evaluating areas and 25 sub-attributes, and presented quality-evaluating indices of each area. The proposed quality-evaluating model was added 2 areas and 8 sub-attributes to the international standard model, and the validity of the extracted items' was verified by expert group's questionnaire. Accordingly, we expect that this paper will increase game users' satisfaction, promote the development of high-quality games, and contribute to continuous growth in serious game market.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제3C권4호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2003

The influence of microstructure nonuniformity on the electrical characteristics of ZnO varistors was analyzed with the added amount of $Al_2$O$_3$ dopants. $Al_2$O$_3$ doping can effectively inhibit grain growth. When $Al_2$O$_3$ content is in the range between 0-0.1 %, the average grain size and the standard deviation decrease quickly and the grain growth is strongly inhibited. Therefore, it is possible to increase the microstructure uniformity by accurate addition of $Al_2$O$_3$ to the ZnO varistor. The breakdown voltage increases with the decrease of standard deviation. The greater the uniformity of the Zno varistor means the higher the global breakdown voltage. The $Al_2$O$_3$ dopants having about 0-0.023 wt% content can effectively improve the voltage ratio, and the voltage ratio reaches a minimum value of 2.32 at an $Al_2$O$_3$ content of 0.005 wt%.

• 멤브레인
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.220-227
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• 1998

국내 정수장.수도전.간이상수도등 2000여 곳의 수질을 환경부가 검사한 결과, 지역별로 세균.무기 이온등 몇몇 항목에서 환경기준을 초과한 것이 밝혀졌다. 이중에서 문제가 되고 있는 질산성 질소.암모니아성 질소.불소.염소등의 농도를 임의로 조작한 후, 시중에 유통되고 있는 가정용 정수기 모듈로 정수처리시켰을 때의 효과와 지역별로 문제시되는 항목들을 효과적으로 제거하기 위한 적당한 분리막을 선정하고자 측정 검토하였다. 정수처리하여 얻은 투과수를 일정 온도 하에서 보관하고, 일정 시간마다 세균수를 측정하여 세균수와 온도 및 시간과의 관계를 측정 조사함으로써 막 사용을 좀 더 효율적으로 할 수 있게끔 검토하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.49-61
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to set the standard items of the garment size for infants. The studied subject consisted of 560 infants from at brith to 12 months of Pusan and Gyeongnam area. The Results from this analysis are as follows; 1. The most significant growths in body dimensions of infants as an month age advanced. Expecially, stature, weight and the items of height and length showed a quite rapid growth, but the items of girth, breadth and depth showed a slow growth. 2. The coefficient of correlation between stature and weight shows high value. The result of interpretation of the extracted components are as follows. It will be more appropriate to use the method of parallerizing with height and weight items rather than with month age in classficating and indicating of size for infant garment and in taking the head girth as basic item of infant for head-gears. Consequently, as the standard items for the classification of clothing constuction of infants, it is advisable to select weight alone or both stature and weight. 3. According to the method of classifying the somatotype by the index of body soundness, the Rohrer.Kaup index on the basis of standard items, weight and stature was divided into somatotype.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1979

The templates for male and female were constructed respectively by use of 36 male and 52 female cephalometric roentgenograms in Hellman Dental Age IV A with normal occlusion. The grids were drawn to show 1 standard deviation and 2 standard deviation on every reference point. 1. When the template is used for cephalometric analysis, w e can obtain comparatively accurate diagnosis even one or two refernces are distorted, because several references are used for analysis. 2. The method of using the template is simple enough to perform cephalometric analysis easily. 3. If the templates are constructed for every age and sex, we can predict the growth patterns of the patients in the period of growth.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1996

In order to clarify effect of transplanting angle of seedling on shape and growth of ginseng root, ginseng of seedlings were transplanted with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ respectively, and the root characters of 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng were investigated. The length of main root with 45$^{\circ}$was above 7 cm (standard) but that of $60^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ was below 7 cm (standard). Number of good lateral root was above 2.3 ea for $45^{\circ}$, 0~$30^{\circ}$, but below 2.3 ea per plant for 60~$90^{\circ}$ respectively. Root fresh weight with $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ was heavier than that with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$. Root disease infection rate was highest with $0^{\circ}$. There were, no significant difference in stem length, stem diameter, leaf area, comber of palmate leaves and leaflets per plant, ratio of missing plant, root diameter in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권6호
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• pp.908-913
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• 2010

본 연구는 한국 중부지방의 소나무와 참나무류의 생장에 기후와 지형인자가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 입목의 반경생장량과 기상 인자간의 관계를 규명하기 위해 수목의 목편을 채취하고 연년반경생장량을 측정하였다. 본 연구에서는 연년반경생장량이 기본적으로 수령에 영향을 받는다고 가정하여 수령을 독립변수로 하는 생장량을 추정하고 이를 기반으로 수령 30년 일때의 생장량을 표준생장량으로 정의하여 추정하였다. 표준생장량의 공간분석을 통해 소나무 생장의 공간적인 변이성을 발견하였으며, Generalized Additive Model(GAM) 통해 지형 및 기상인자와 표준 생장량간의 관계를 밝힐 수 있었다. 기온상승은 소나무 생장에는 부(-)의 영향을 참나무에는 양(+)의 영향을 주며, 강수량 증가는 두 수종 모두에게 부(-)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 표준생장량과 지형 및 기상 인자간의 관계식을 GIS기반 임상도의 소나무와 참나무류 공간분포에 적용하여 기온상승에 대한 소나무와 참나무류의 공간분포변화를 예측하였다. 이를 통해 우리나라의 소나무는 참나무류에 비해 기후변화에 취약하며, 60년 이후에는 동해안 및 남부지역을 중심으로 대부분의 소나무림이 참나무류림으로 대체될 것으로 예측되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2018

Growth charts are curves or tables that facilitate the visualization of anthropometric parameters, and are widely used as an important indicator when evaluating the growth status of children and adolescents. The latest version of the Korean National Growth Charts released in 2007 has raised concerns regarding the inclusion of data from both breastfed and formula-fed infants, higher body mass index (BMI) values in boys, and smaller 3rd percentile values in height-for-age charts. Thus, new growth charts have been developed to improve the previous version. The 2006 World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, regarded as the standard for breastfed infants and children, were introduced for children aged 0-35 months. For children and adolescents aged 3-18 years, these new growth charts include height-for-age, weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, weight-for-height, and head circumference-for-age charts, and were developed using data obtained in 1997 and 2005. Data sets and exclusion criteria were applied differently for the development of the different growth charts. BMI-for-age charts were adjusted to decrease the 95th percentile values of BMI. Criteria for obesity were simplified and defined as a BMI of ${\geq}95th$ percentile for age and sex. The 3rd percentile values for height-for-age charts were also increased. Additional percentile lines (1st and 99th) and growth charts with standard deviation lines were introduced. 2017 Korean National Growth Charts are recommended for the evaluation of body size and growth of Korean children and adolescents for use in clinics and the public health sector in Korea.