• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2002

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of heavy metals (copper, cadmium, lead and chrome) on the growth of plant and seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana treated with various concentrations of heavy metals. Cadmium and chrome among the 4 heavy metals had no effect on the growth of stem even in the concentration fifty times higher than the official standard concentration of pollutant exhaust notified by the Ministry of Environment. The official standard concentration of cadmium, however, stimulated the growth of stem in general, increasing leaf size and surface area, although it had no effect on the length of stem. But the growth of stem was decreased about 18% in the official standard concentration of pollutant exhaust of lead and copper. There was no growth of root in the concentration of lead and copper ten times higher than the official standard concentration. Cadmium and chrome had no effect on the seed germination, but lead and copper decreased the rate of seed germination. Seeds were not germinated in the concentration of copper ten times higher than the official standard concentration and in the concentration of lead fifty times higher than the official standard concentration. From this research three peculiar results were obtained. Chrome in the soil did not have much effect on the plant growth and seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana. Cadmium stimulated the stem growth in an optimum concentration. But lead and copper reduced the plant growth and seed germination even in a small concentration, especially copper had the worse effect.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop an evaluation standard by which teachers in charge of environment and green growth education could conduct a project activity and examine its applicability. The results were as follows; First, 26 evaluation items were developed through interviews with teachers and expert meetings. These categories were base on 'Theme', 'Planning', 'Result' and 'Presentation', and 'Evaluation' of the project. Second, a reliability test showed that internal consistency of the items was currently high(Cronbach's alpha .8709). To examine the content validity, the project activity was evaluated by 5 different teachers, and the result showed that the evaluation standard developed in this study was a very effective tool for the teachers to do project learning. Third, from the 2011 revised national curriculum, the subject 'Environment' in middle schools would be renamed as 'Environment and Green Growth'. Also, environment project activity would be introduced in the middle school. Therefore, this study had a significant importance in the fact that it provided teachers and students with a practical evaluation standard for the environment and green growth project activity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.533-541
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• 1998

This study compares the growth performance(weight-for-age Z-score, height-for-age Z-score, weight-for-height Z-score) of one- to three- month-old Korean infants(n=232) with the Korean standard(1994) and NCHS reference(1983). The weight-for-age Z-scores(WAZ) by the Korean standard were -2∼1,5 for males and -3∼1 for females. The NCHS reference, WAZ results were -1∼2.5 and -2.5∼3.5 for males and females, respectively. The WAZ compared Korean standard showed no subjects with overnutrition. But 1.3% of the infants showed signs of malnutrition. Comparison with NCHS reference revealed that 0.4% of the infants were malnourished and 7.0% of the infants were overnourished. The WAZ of formula-fed infants were distributed higher than breast-fed infants, but that was not significant. The height-for-age Z-score(HAZ) by the Korean standard were -4.5%∼1.5% for males and -4∼1.5% for females. According to the NCHS reference, HAZ were -2.5%∼2.5% and -3∼3 for males and females, respectively. When the WAZ was compared with the Korean standard, there was no overnutrition but 16% of the infants showed signs of malnutrition. The NCHS reference, revealed that 6.9% of the infants were malnourished and 1.8% of the infants were ovemourished. The weight-for-height Z-scores(WHZ) by the Korean standard were -2∼5 for males and -2.5∼5 for females. The NCHS reference WAZ scores were -1∼4 and -1.5∼4.5 for males and females, respectively. When the WHZ was compared with the Korean standard, 2.2% of infants were malnourished and 19.5% were overnourished. There were no malnourished subjects according to the NCHS reference and 19.1% of the infants were overnourished. When the three Z-scores are considered together, 92.0% of the infants should a normal growth status, there was no malnutrition, and 8.0% of the infants were overnourished. The growth performance was evaluated differently according to the type of standards. Thus, it is necessary to set proper growth standards for infants, according to which classification of feeding methods is chosen. A longterm and careful assessment of infants's growth performances to develop any group of standards.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권5_1호
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• pp.1199-1206
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• 2021

원격탐사 기술을 이용하면 작물의 생육·생리 상태를 비파괴적이고 연속적으로 탐지할 수 있어 그 농업적 활용 가치가 크다. 원격탐사 기반 센서를 농장에 설치하여 스마트팜 시스템에 활용하면, 작물의 이상 여부를 실시간으로 연속해서 감시하여 농업정보(Agro-information)를 생산할 수 있다. 하지만, 작물은 동적으로 변하는 생물이므로, 관측 물리량이 작물의 이상 상태를 나타내는 것인지 생육단계에 따른 생육 변화를 나타내는 것인지 판단하기는 쉽지 않다. 따라서, 작물의 표준 생육정보(Standard growth information) 와 비교한 상대적인 생육을 파악해야 한다. 이상적인 재배관리에서 획득한 작물 생육관련 누적기온인 GDD (Growing Degree Days)와 식생지수의 관계를 표준 생육정보로 두고, 표준 재배관리 시행 논과 무비료처리한 논 각각에서 분광반사측정 센서로 관측된 식생지수(NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; CCI, Chlorophyll/Carotenoid Index)와 비교해 작물 상태를 파악했다. 영양생장기 동안에는 생육 정도에 따라 NDVI의 차이가 나타났으며, 식물 스트레스에 따라 CCI가 반응했다. 벼가 익는 동안은 NDVI와 CCI 모두 감소하지만, 표준 생육에서 노화에 따른 그 감소 폭이 더 컸다. 향후 공학적 관측 기법과 농학적 해석 방법을 융합하여 유용한 농업정보를 생산하기 위해 다양한 기후조건과 품종을 대상으로 표준 생육정보 데이터베이스 구축이 필요하겠다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2008

목 적 : 1967년 이후로 1998년까지 대한소아과학회와 정부는 매 10년마다 한국 소아청소년 신체발육표준치를 제정하여 왔다. 지난 40년간의 한국 성장도표는 체계적이고 통계학적인 표준화를 거치지 않은 기술적인 도표였다. 전 세계적인 비만의 유행에 대하여 WHO나 CDC와 같은 국제적인 기관들은 이에 대처하기 위하여 성장도표의 제정 원리들을 변경하여 왔다. 본 논문은 고찰과 함께 새로운 2007년 성장도표 개발과정을 요약하였다. 방 법 : 질병관리본부 만성병조사과의 주도로 2005년에 새로운 성장도표 제정을 위한 신체계측 조사를 시행하였고, 그 결과 소아 비만의 급증과 청소년 최종 성장의 세대별 증가 현상이 정체된 것을 확인하였다. 이에 연구진은 혁신적인 방법론을 도입하였으며, 이를 통하여 새로운 성장도표를 제정하였다. 확보 가능한 원자료인 1997년 및 2005년 측정 자료를 표준화고 통합하였으며, LMS 방법을 도입하여 통계적 모델링을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 표준화된 자료로서 연령별 신장, 연령별 체중, 연령별 체질량지수, 연령별 두위, 신장별 체중 도표가 제공되며, 2005년 조사의 표준화되지 않은 자료로 제공되는 연령별 허리둘레, 연령별 가슴둘레, 연령별 상완둘레, 연령별 피부 두겹집기가 제공된다. 임상 지침도 함께 제공된다. 결 론 : 새로운 한국 성장도표의 개발 과정과 결과는 국제적인 기준인 WHO 표준성장도표 및 미국 CDC 성장도표의 방법론을 적용한 것으로서, 비만과 성 발육이 가속화된 현 상황에 적절하다. 이는 특히 한국 국민과 한민족에게 유용하다. 향후 보다 과학적인 표준을 제시하기 위하여 지속적인 연구가 요청된다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.83-100
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• 2007

Applying a direct formulation for the enrichment of the displacement field an extended finite element (XFEM) scheme for modeling of cohesive crack growth is developed. Only elements cut by the crack is enriched and the scheme fits within the framework of standard FEM code. The scheme is implemented for the 3-node constant strain triangle (CST) and the 6-node linear strain triangle (LST). Modeling of standard concrete test cases such as fracture in the notched three point beam bending test (TPBT) and in the four point shear beam test (FPSB) illustrates the performance. The XFEM results show good agreement with results obtained by applying standard interface elements in FEM and with experimental results. In conjunction with criteria for crack growth local versus nonlocal computation of the crack growth direction is discussed.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.587-595
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• 2022

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis, Agave fructans, and symbiotic of both encapsulated on growth performance, feed efficiency, blood parameters, and immune status in broiler chickens, and to compare these with diets including antibiotic growth promoters and without additives. Methods: A comparative experimental study was carried out with 135 male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Each trial was divided into 5 equal groups. Control group (CON) received a standard diet without growth promoter; GPA, a standard diet with colistin sulfate and zinc bacitracin (0.25 g/kg of feed); PRE, a standard diet with 1% Agave fructans; PRO, a standard diet with Bifidobacterium animalis (11.14±0.70 log CFU/g); SYM, a standard diet with B. animalis and Agave fructans. Results: A significant decrease in food consumption was found for the GPA, PRE, and SYM, compared to the CON group. The results show a better feed conversion index in PRE and GPA with respect to the CON group with the highest conversion index. Interestingly, the weight of the gastrointestinal tract shows a statistically significant difference between GPA and PRE groups. Moreover, the length of the gastrointestinal tract of the GPA group was less than the PRE group. In the total leukocyte count, there was a statistically significant increase in the GPA group compared to the CON, PRE, and PRO groups, and the heterophiles-lymphocytes index was lower in PRO. Regarding the cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10) decreased in PRO compared to CON and PRE, while IL-1β increased in the SYM group. Conclusion: Alternative treatments were shown to achieve similar productive results as growth-promoting antibiotics and showed improvement over diet without additives; however, they have immunomodulatory properties and improved the development of the gastrointestinal tract compared to the treatment of growth-promoting antibiotics.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the tendency of certified organic cosmetics market and the certification standards and regulations they are under, compare one of the most commonly used COSMOS-standard AISBL with the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) organic cosmetic standard regulation. And then examining their differences and any potential issues is to present suggestions to be made as data for certification standard for natural & organic cosmetics in Korea regulation. This contents of study will be used as good research and development to promote the sustainable growth of the natural & organic cosmetic ingredients which have been grown by organic farmers certified. Also certified organic ingredients may help to growth the organic industry. I believe these are actual comparative for application to develop of natural and organic cosmetics in Korea as well the strengthening of the competitiveness of organic cosmetics certified in the world.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.351-351
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• 2011

Graphene has drawn great interests because of its distinctive band structure and physical properties[1]. A few of the practical applications envisioned for graphene include semiconductor applications, optoelectronics (sola cell, touch screens, liquid crystal displays), and graphene based batteries/super-capacitors [2-3]. Recent work has shown that excellent electronic properties are exhibited by large-scale ultrathin graphite films, grown by chemical vapor deposition on a polycrystalline metal and transferred to a device-compatible surface[4]. In this paper, we focussed our scope for the understanding the graphene growth at different conditions, which enables to control the growth towards the application aimed. The graphene was grown using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with methane and hydrogen gas in vacuum furnace system. The grown graphene was characterized using a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. We changed the growth temperature from 900 to $1050^{\circ}C$ with various gas flow rate and composition rate. The growth condition for larger domain will be discussed.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.467-470
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• 2016

이 논문은 농업 비즈니스에서 농산물 생장/유통 환경에서의 센서 정보를 GS1 표준을 통해 운용하는 방법을 다룬다. 농산물 생장/유통 환경 모니터링을 위해 사용되는 센서들의 종류와, 이러한 센서 정보를 운용하기 위한 GS1 표준 식별자, 표준 이벤트의 구조, 생장/유통 환경정보를 저장/공유하는 스키마의 구조를 정의하며, 표준 인터페이스로 정보를 저장,공유 하는 방법을 설명한다.