• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.270-279
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• 2016

This study explained vertical distributions and growth environments for woody vegetation. It had been degenerated by long-term volcanic activity of Sakurajima; vegetation and thicknesses of tephra layers and forest soils were investigated at 5 sites (250-700 m in altitude) with different altitudes localized at the northwestern-northern flanks of Sakurajima in Kagoshima Prefecture. The results in 2015 were compared with the vertical distribution of woody vegetation in 1963, when the volcanic activity of Sakurajima was relatively moderate. Thus, we investigated temporal changes in the vertical distribution of woody vegetation owing to volcanic activity over about 50 years (1963-2015). We indicated altitude decreased, the number of woody vegetation, number of species, sum of cross-sectional area of tree diameter at breast height, Fisher-Williams's diversity index ${\alpha}$, and forest soil thickness increased. However, these values were found to be degenerated when compared to climax forest values, and succession was incomplete. It seems that because the woody vegetation of the flank was affected by volcanic activity for a long time, exposing them to severe growth environments, areas with lower altitudes became distant from the craters of Sakurajima, thereby weakening the effect of volcanic activity in these areas at lower altitudes. a at the same altitudes over about 50 years (1963-2015) decreased by about 31-72%, and the sum of the cross-sectional area in tree diameter at breast heights decreased by about 14-62%. Thus, comparative growth environments for woody vegetation in 2015 were more severe than that of 1963, with respect to tephra layer thickness. In addition, for vegetation succession in the flank of Sakurajima, vegetation restoration should be promoted through the introduction of artificial woody plants covered by symbiotic microorganisms or organic materials.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.59-73
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• 2004

Since 1980s' Korea had a great change on the housing culture by the supply of multi-family housing stock both on the macro-social and micro-social aspects. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes and the characteristics of housing environments which were estimated its modernization, and to examine the personal life under the change of housing environments. So I would like to revaluation the characteristics of modernization between the 1980s' and 1990s'. Therefore references were made to various papers, reports, the statistical data, newspaper reports, advertisements and magazines during that period. As a result, this paper came to the remarks as follows: 1. The success of modernization on the housing environments since 1980s' was the Quantitative growth of housing supply by multi-family housing. In spite of this, the Quantitative growth of housing supply and the improvement in Quality like housing space per person had the characters which was 'out of valence on the division'. 2. The Qualitative improvement of modem housing life by the development of housing industries could be said the improvement owing to develop of facilities and equipments. The introduction of up-to-date facilities and equipments realized the convenience and the rationality of living in the house. Although the improvement on the physical things deteriorated the modernized spaces to uniform things by commercial strategies. 3. The life in the multi-family housing which gives protection to personal privacy was settle down on the extremely individualized life without common things within the neighbors. Multi-family housing which was a production of process of modernization came true the growth in an appearance and the variety in the inside, but for the aspect of residents' everyday life in the multi-family housing, the Korean traditional relationship was collapsed and a sense of incompatibility within the residents was created.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.137-142
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• 2021

In this study, the development of the room temperature curable silica-based coating compositions for anticorrosive and antifouling performance in marine environments was carried out. The marine (plant) structures with many exposed parts are operated in harsh marine environments such as strong ultraviolet rays, extreme temperature differences and salt water corrosion. Organic paints that are easily degraded under these environments and easily eroded by physical stimuli such as waves can not play a role properly. Dense ceramic coatings on marine structures provide careful protections even in saltwater environments due to their high hardness and rust resistance. Therefore, in the case of ceramic coatings, their use and application range in marine structures can be greatly improved due to their functional advantages. In the present study, silica-based coating compositions based on colloidal silica with silane coupling agents, curing salts, and ceramic fillers were developed, and their applications as protective coatings for corrosion protection and fouling prevention in seawater were also studied.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.167-177
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• 2010

Recent competitive and technological changes during the past decade have accelerated the need for better capital recovery methods. Competition and technology have together shortened the expected lives of property which could not have been forecasted several years ago. Since the usage of technological growth models has been prevalent in various technological forecasting environments, the various forms of growth models have become numerous. Of six such models studied, some models do significantly better than others, especially at low penetration levels in predicting future levels of growth. A set of criteria for choosing an appropriate model for technological growth models was developed. Two major characteristics of an S-shaped curve were elected which differentiate the various models; they are the skewness of the curve and underlying assumptions regarding the variance of error structure of the model.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.23-30
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• 1999

Nowadays, large-scale office buildings have been multistoried, mechanized, and functioned with economic growth. These buildings have improved and developed technical and designated respects in varied society. Even though these buildings are in improved situation, working places which are one of the most important parts have not developed enough their functions and shapes. Working environments that were ignored have come a big issue to rise efficiency and productivity. Working functions and work's opinions did not examine and analyze because of careless cognition of working places. In these reason, workers are engaged in inconvenient surroundings that already set improper way or not to develope environments that obstructs productivity. Working places which were ignored in the past have come a big issue to rise productivity and efficiency. Now, the goal of this research is to reform working places more efficient and functional by examining by examining working environment and proper arrangements.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.398-411
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• 2024

Upregulation of the nutritional value of feed is the major target of various studies in the livestock industry, and dietary enzyme supplementation could aid in digesting the nondegrading nutrients of grains in feed ingredients. Dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) is a byproduct of the fermentation process in the beverage industry and can be used as a large supply source of fiber in feed. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with male broiler chickens to investigate the effect of various types of enzymes on DDGS and compare the efficacy of single enzyme and multienzyme complexes on growth performance and gut environments in broiler chickens. We used 420 1-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308), and they were allotted into 4 dietary treatments with seven replications (CON, corn-soybean meal [SBM] diet; NC, DDGS supplemented diet; SE, 0.05 % of mannanase supplemented DDGS-based diet; MC, 0.10% of multienzyme complex (mannanase and xylanase, glucanase) supplemented DDGS-based diet. The dietary exogenous enzyme in the DDGS-supplemented diet could improve growth performance as much as the growth of the control group, and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly increased by enzyme addition in groups of chicks fed DDGS-supplementation diet. Moreover, the populations of pathogenic bacteria, coliforms, and Bacteroidetes were significantly decreased by enzyme supplementation, which might lead to improved gut mucus-secreting cells and inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum. Collectively, dietary single enzyme and multienzyme complexes could improve gut environments, including intestinal immune responses and gut microbial population, and lead to improvement of growth performance in broiler chickens.

• 연구논문집
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• s.29
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• pp.91-99
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• 1999

Fatigue crack growth behaviors of Cr-Mo steels developed recently for thick-wall pressure vessel were investigated. Experiments in accordance with ASTM E647 standard were performed for 1/2 inch CT specimens of $2^(1/4)$Cr-1Mo and 3Cr-IMo steels in gaseous environments, hydrogen gas of 10 atm, 1 atm and argon gas of 1 atm. Fatigue crack growth rates were observed and effects of gaseous hydrogen and argon on the crack growth behavior were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 1997

The taxonomic characteristics of Eupatorium rugosum were reviewed and growth responses under different light intensities were investigated. Changes of soil and vegetation environments at experimental plots on Mt. Namsan were surveyed and the distribution pattern examined. The distribution of E. rugosum was closely related to the content of total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil. No competitors which could inhibit the growth of E. rugosum were present. Growth of E. rugosum was highest at a light intensity of 7, 500 lux, but dry weight was highest at a light intensity of 15, 000 lux followed by 30, 000 and 7, 500 lux. Growth in height of E. rugosum under a light intensity of 1, 500 lux continued even though the amount of growth was small. E. rugosum is found throughout the area of Mt. Namsan, and its density is higher at the roadside and in valley regions. E. rugosum appeared at 25 of 50 quadrats on Mt. Namsan, and the mean coverage of E. rugosum in survey quadrats was 12%.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.131-139
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• 1978

Mycoplasma pneumoniae was examined for growth characteristics and morphology when cultivated in several media supplemented with a variety of sera and under different atmospheric conditions. different formula of the medium as well as different sources of lot numbers of the serum in the same medium exhibited varying effects on growth rate and adherence. When the organisms were cultivated in SSR-2 medium in a normal atmospheric environment or under a facultative anaerobic condition provided with carbon dioxide, they developed filamentous cells with heavy growth, whereas mainly round-shaped cells were produced under strict anaerobic conditions of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Both morphologies of the organism were transformed by switching the incubation environments. An inverted phasecontrast microscopy using modified petri dishes was excellent to observe single cells and useful to follow the development of the cells. Growth, turbidity, and pneumoniae colonies developed on a solid medium and produced clear when overlaid with sheep blood agar.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05b
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• pp.154-159
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• 1998

In order to assess the susceptibility of the environmentally assisted cracking(EAC) on SA508 Cl.3 steel in primary water condition, potential step test and slow strain rate test(SSRT) were conducted in a simulated crack tip condition. In this test, anodic dissolution was dominant in the crack tip environments. Proposed simple dissolution model is a modification of Hishida's anodic dissolution model at the plastic zone. One can predict actual crack growth rate with the smooth specimen through this model.