• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.31.2-31.2
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• 2013

We use grid-based hydrodynamic simulations to study star formation in nuclear rings in barred galaxies. The gaseous medium is assumed to be infinitesimally thin, isothermal, and unmagnetized. To investigate various situations, we vary the total gas content in the bar regions and the bar growth time. We find that star formation rate (SFR) in a nuclear ring is determined by the mass inflow rate to the ring rather than the total gas mass in the ring. The SFR shows a strong primary burst and weak secondary bursts at early time, and declines to small values at late time. The primary burst is caused by the rapid gas infall to the ring due to the bar growth, with its duration and peak depending on the bar growth time. The secondary bursts result from re-infall of the ejected gas by star formation feedback of the primary burst. When the SFR is low, ages of young star clusters exhibit an azimuthal gradient along the ring since star formation takes place mostly near the contact points between the dust lanes and the nuclear ring. When the SFR is large, on the other hand, star formation is widely distributed throughout the whole length of the ring, with no apparent age gradient of star clusters. Regardless of SFR, star clusters have a positive radial age gradient, with younger clusters located closer to the ring, since the ring shrinks in size over time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.700-710
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• 2008

A Bubble size distribution model has been developed for the numerical simulation of cryogenic high-speed cavitating flow of the turbo-pumps in the liquid fuel rocket engine. The new model is based on the previous one proposed by the authors, in which the bubble number density was solved as a function of bubble size at each grid point of the calculation domain by means of Eulerian framework with respect to the bubble size coordinate. In the previous model, the growth/decay of bubbles due to pressure difference between bubble and liquid was solved exactly based on Rayleigh-Plesset equation. However, the unsteady heat transfer between liquid and bubble, which controls the evaporation/condensation rate, was approximated by a theoretical solution of unsteady heat conduction under a constant temperature difference. In the present study, the unsteady temperature field in the liquid around a bubble is also solved exactly in order to establish an accurate and efficient numerical simulation code for cavitating flows. The growth/decay of a single bubble and growth of bubbles with nucleation were successfully simulated by the proposed model.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 2019

In this paper, we design and build an information system for the growth management of agricultural products and aquatic products by ubiquitous computing. So that, we installed various sensor systems and developed IP Cam to establish monitoring. It was possible to construct an environmental management system based on IT technology by a database that directly controls and manages the growth conditions of agricultural products and aquatic products by monitoring. We have installed various sensors that can acquire data in real time and IP Cam is designed and manufactured in three parts. It was applied to agricultural and marine products and monitored soil moisture, temperature, and environmental information to establish conditions for growth environment.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.239-247
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in enhancing plant performance and bioactive compound concentrations in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). This factorial pot experiment included nine replications over 120 days of cultivation. Three AMF species (Rhizophagus prolifer, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and Acaulospora mellea) were utilized as inoculum, while non-mycorrhizal controls with or without synthetic NPK fertilizer were compared. Interestingly, C. etunicatum KS-02 inoculations effectuated the best fruit growth and weight, which were statistically higher than those of the control without AMF. However, only fruit fresh weight was higher in plants inoculated with C. etunicatum KS-02 than those treated with the synthetic NPK fertilizer. In addition, C. etunicatum KS-02 inoculations induced a ≥ 11% increase in DDPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) activity, lycopene content, and carotenoid content compared to the control. This study is the first to report Claroideoglomus species' effectiveness in promoting growth, fruit yield, and bioactive compound production in L. esculentum Mill. These findings substantiate the significant potential of C. etunicatum KS-02 for tomato cultivation without the adverse effects of excessive synthetic fertilizer use.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2001

Background : Many investigators have found transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) to be elevated in tumors. Changes in responsiveness to TGF-${\beta}1$ have been linked to malignant transformation, tumor progression and tumor regression. Many malignant cell lines of epithelial or hematopoietic origin are refractory to the antiproliferative effects of TGF-${\beta}1$. However, a little is known about the association of TGF-${\beta}1$ with progression of malignant tumor. Methods : In this study, we measured the plasma level of TGF-${\beta}1$ in various cancer patients and evaluated the utility of plasma TGF-${\beta}1$ as a possible tumor marker. Plasma TGF-${\beta}1$ levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cancer patients and normal controls. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as tumor marker were compared with TGF-${\beta}1$ in the aspects of sensitivity and specificity. Results : The mean of plasma TGF-${\beta}1$ levels was $1.219{\pm}0.834ng/ml$ in normal controls, $5.491{\pm}3.598ng/ml$ in breast cancer, $12.670{\pm}10.386ng/ml$ in lung cancer, $5.747{\pm}3.228ng/ml$ in hepatocellular carcinoma and $10.854{\pm}7.996ng/ml$ in cervical cancer. In comparison with CEA and AFP, TGF-${\beta}1$ is more sensitive. Conclusion : We conclude that the high levels of TGF-${\beta}1$ are common in the plasma of cancer patients. These results suggest that the plasma TGF-${\beta}1$ level can be a potent tumor marker in various cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2005

Background:Several reports have suggested that cytokine alterations could be related to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we measured plasma level of interleukin-12(IL-12), a proinflammatory T helper 1(Th1) cytokine and transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$(TGF-${\beta}1$), an anti-inflammatory Th3 cytokine before and after antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenic patients. Methods:The plasma concentrations of IL-12 and TGF-${\beta}1$ were measured by using quantitative ELISA in 23 schizophrenic patients and 31 normal controls at admission and 8 weeks later. The psychopathology was measured by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS). Results:IL-12 and TGF-${\beta}1$ levels were significantly higher in schizophrenic patients than in controls before treatment. At the 8 week of treatment, the TGF-${\beta}1$ levels returned to control values, while IL-12 levels were not significantly changed. There were no significant correlations between the changes of BPRS scores and the changes of IL-12 or TGF-${\beta}1$ levels in schizophrenic patients. Conclusion:Cytokine abnormalities in schizophrenia might be involved in the pathophysiology of the illness. It is possible that TGF-${\beta}1$ plays an important role in the schizophrenia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.285-290
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• 1997

The insulin-like growth factors(IGFs) are bound to several binding proteins(IGFBPs) that appear to regulate IGF transport, receptor binding, and its action. The concentration of these peptides are altered by catabolic conditions. To determine IGF-I and IGFBP levels in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), sera was obtained from 5 patients and 7 controls. Serum levels of IGF-I in NIDDM were lower than those in either of the controls. By western immunoblot analysis, especially IGFBP-1 levels are increased, whereas IGFBP-3 levels decreased and their fragments was increased in NIDDM serum. IGFBP-3 proteolytic activity in NIDDM sera was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), aprotinin, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA). This pattern of inhibition was consistent with a metal-dependent serine protease. By gelatin zymography, these proteolytic enzymes were identified as the size of 97 and 69 kDa. IGFBP-1, which is primarily insulin regulated, was increased in NIDDM and may modulate circulating IGF-I levels by regulating capillary passage of IGF-I. IGFBP-3 proteolysis markedly reduces its affinity for the IGFs, particularly for IGF-I. This accelerates their kinetics of dissociation, thereby increasing the proportions of IGF-I in free form and its availability to the cells.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.551-556
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• 2002

We have experimentally evaluated the content of thyroid hormones (THs), the growth and activity of larval rockfish (Sebastes schiegeli) born from parturient mother fish injected with 20 $\mu$g/g BW of 3,5,3-triiodo-L-thyronine ($T_{3}$). There was no difference of L-thyroxine ($T_{4}$) levels between controls (sham control and control) and $T_{3}$ groups in yolk-sac larvae just born from broodstock, while $T_{3}$level of $T_{3}$ group was significantly increased compared with controls. In addition, the both larval $T_{3}$ and $T_{4}$ levels in $T_{3}$ group were always higher than those of control during experimental period. Also, there were significant differences in the development of larvae from the two groups. The larval growth in total length and body weight according to the elapsed days after parturition showed the linear and curve equations, respectively, and the slopes of $T_{3}$ group were significantly higher than those of control. The survival rate of larvae in $T_{3}$ group was higher than that of control. Although the survival rate in $T_{3}$ group under the condition of starvation was significantly depressed compared with the control, larval swimming index in $T_{3}$ group was higher than control. Finally, these findings suggest that the exogenous $T_{3}$ could be transferred into hatched larvae in parturient rockfish by maternal injection, and subsequently the exogenous hormone could play some roles on physiological metabolism of larvae after parturition and may confer a distinct advantage to the fragile larvae during the early developmental stage.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.27-31
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• 2005

Objectives : The anticancer response of three different types of water extracts of Zingiberaceae Curcuma longa L. tested for sarcoma 180. Only few studies carried out to investigate the effects of other contents of Curcuma longa L. in anticancer activities, therefore, in this study we have investigated the effects of other component then curcumin in Curcuma longa L. for anticancer a activities. Methods : Three different types of water extracts of Curcuma longa L. were prepared as follows. The sarcoma cells (S180) were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and were seeded on 24-well cell culture cluster flat bottom with lid tissue culture treated non-pyrogenic polystyrene. The growth of sarcoma 180 was monitored for 1, 2 and 5 days. The sarcoma cells were pictured using inverted microscope and cell density was counted using hemocytometry. Results : After 5 days in the culture medium the results showed high growth of sarcoma 180 for control condition and the surface of CCP plates were fully covered with the cells. In case of medium in which the 10% of filtered water extract of Curcuma longa L. was added a very limited growth of sarcoma 180 was observed. The results were showed only small difference in cell density for two different concentrations of unfiltered water extracts of Curcuma longa L. whereasin case of filtered water extracts the control of sarcoma growth shows better result. Conclusion : The filtered water extracts showed the best result relatively to the unfiltered water extracts for two different concentrations. This indicates that the water extracts of Curcuma longa L. can have anticancer activities possibly without curcumin.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.379-385
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• 2015

We studied the effects of the proprietary prebiotic Immunogen$^{(R)}$ on the growth, hematology and gut microbiota of common carp fingerlings. A basal diet was formulated using common feed ingredients and supplemented with Immunogen$^{(R)}$ at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20 and $40g\;kg^{-1}$, each of which was tested experimentally on replicated groups of fish. The trials ran for 8 weeks. Common carp fingerlings with an initial weight of $4.82{\pm}0.05g$ were randomly distributed among the experimental tanks at a stocking density of 25 fish per tank. The experimental diets were provided thrice per day; on each occasion the fingerlings were given a weight of feed that amounted to 4% of fish biomass. At the end of the experimental period, we determined the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, hematological parameters, body composition and gut micro-flora parameters of the test fish. Inclusion of $5g\;kg^{-1}$Immunogen$^{(R)}$ in the diet significantly improved growth performance and feed utilization in comparison with controls. However, the whole-body composition of the fish was not significantly influenced by prebiotic inclusion. Inclusion of $5g\;kg^{-1}$ Immunogen$^{(R)}$ significantly increased the total bacterial and Lactobacillus counts in fish intestines, but these bacterial parameters were significantly negatively impacted by higher concentrations of the prebiotic. Red blood cells counts were increased by prebiotic dietary supplementation at concentrations of 5 and $10g\;kg^{-1}$ prebiotic. Glucose and cholesterol levels were elevated by administration of Immunogen$^{(R)}$. Thus, dietary supplementation with $5g\;kg^{-1}$ Immunogen$^{(R)}$ improved fingerling common carp growth performance and feed utilization, and beneficially influenced the gut microflora