• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2022

Although the USA, Canada, and several EU countries allow raw milk cheese to be aged more than 60 days, these countries have strict standards for its aging conditions, such as temperature. Many developed countries have employed standards of identity which effectively prevent the manufacture and sale, of cheese made from unpasteurized milk (i.e., raw milk) in interstate commerce, unless such cheese has been aged for a minimum of 60 days. The microbiological safety of raw milk Camembert cheese, aged for more than 60 days, was evaluated using spiking experiments. We spiked Listeria monocytogenes into raw milk with different inoculation levels (high, medium and low). Camembert cheese was prepared from the inoculated raw milk, then aged in an incubator for up to 9 weeks (63 days). The number of cells was determined every week using the agar-plating method. Inoculated cells were completely eliminated, especially in Camembert cheese, after 60 days, and the reduction rate of cells was much faster in Camembert cheese. There were no significant differences in pH and water activity (aW) between the uninoculated cheese and the cheese samples in which Listeria monocytogenes was inoculated (p<0.05). The pH and aW of the Camembert cheese decreased throughout the storage period. In conclusion, the pathogenic bacteria used in this study did not affect the pH and aW of the Camembert cheese samples.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.658-672
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although children of ethnic minority groups are experiencing a transition from a predominance of undernutrition to overnutrition, there is little evidence of a dual-malnutrition burden. Therefore, this study examined the double burden of malnutrition among school-aged ethnic minority children living in mountainous areas and its association with their diets. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to March 2020 in 3 mountainous areas of Northern Vietnam among 1,556 ethnic minority school-aged children. The prevalence of under-nutrition (stunting and thinness) and over-nutrition (overweight and obesity) were measured using the WHO 2006 child growth standards (height-for-age and BMI-for-age Z-score). Nutritional practices were evaluated by the frequency of food consumption based on a 4-level scale. RESULTS: The percentage of children with stunting and thinness were 14.0% and 5.4%, respectively, while the figure for overweight/obesity was 9.4%. The factors positively associated with stunting were living in a family with more than 2 children or being Muong/other ethnicities compared to the Tay ethnicity. Children who consumed fish/shrimps/crabs or milk weekly/daily were less likely to be undernourished compared to those who never consumed these foods. By contrast, children who never consumed foods rich in vitamin A precursors and vitamin A and fruit or consumed daily snacks/junk food were more likely to be overweight/obese. CONCLUSIONS: Undernutrition remains a common issue among school-aged children and adolescents of ethnic minority groups, while over-nutrition exists simultaneously. Public health nutrition programs promoting adequate diets and positive lifestyle changes related to nutrition are essential to tackle the double burden of malnutrition among ethnic minority children.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2022

Galactosemia is a rare, hereditary metabolic disorder caused by the accumulation of galactose and its metabolites in the body due to a lack of enzymes that convert galactose to glucose. This study aimed to investigate the dietary behaviors and nutritional statuses of patients with galactosemia and to provide basic information on the development of nutrition education programs to improve quality of dietary life. A survey was conducted on 13 parents of (<11 years of age) children with galactosemia and 26 parents of (<11 years of age) children without galactosemia. Mean body mass index was greater for school-age children with galactosemia (18.77 kg/m²) than for corresponding normal children (16.55 kg/m²). Underweight and obesity rates of children with galactosemia were greater than those of children without galactosemia. In addition, children with galactosemia had a higher food neophobia rate and thus consumed less food. Normal children exhibited a greater range of food preferences than those with galactosemia, especially for milk and dairy products (p= .001) and fats and sweets (p= .04). Reliable food databases and appropriate dietary recommendations are required to ensure the proper growth of children with galactosemia.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.16-19
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• 2000

DC and low frequency noise characteristics of InGaP/InGaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs (p-HEMTs) grown by compound source MBE are investigated for temperature range of 150K to 370K. Equivalent input noise spectra( $S_{iv}$ ) were measured as a function of frequency and temperature. $S_{iv}$ was measured to be 3.4 $\times$ 10$^{-12}$ $V^2$/ Hz at 1kHz for 1.3 X 50${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$^2$InGaP/InGaAs p-HEMT at room temperature. Measurements of the low-frequency noise spectra of the p-HEMT as a function of temperature show that the trap with an activation energy level around 0.589 eV is a dominant trap that accounts for the low-frequency noise behavior of the device. The normalized extrinsic gm frequency dispersion of the p-HEMT. was as low as 2.5％ at room temperature, indicating that the device has well-behaved low-frequency noise characteristics. Sub-micron (0.25 $\times$ 50${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$^2$) gate p-HEMT showed $f_{T}$ and $f_{max}$ of 40GHz and 108GHz, respectively.y.y.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2023

최근 인플루언서의 글로벌 시장이 급성장하고 있는 가운데 인플루어서가 주목을 받게 되면서 인플루언서의 근로 특성과 근로 환경에 대한 체계적인 연구가 필요한 시점이다. 이에 본 연구는 인플루언서의 감정노동, 직무스트레스가 직무소진에 미치는 영향관계에서 긍정심리자본과 사회적지지가 직무소진에 조절효과가 있는지에 대해 실증적으로 살펴 보았다. 인스타그램을 통해 활동을 하고 있는 인플루언서를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시 하였고 구조방정식을 사용하여 통계처리와 분석에 활용하였다. 분석결과 긍정심리자본은 조절효과가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회적 지지의 조절효과는 감정부조화와 직무소진 간의 관계는 채택되었으며, 표면행동과 직무소진 간의 관계외에 변수들과 직무소진간의 관계에 유의한 상호작용을 가지지 못한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2022

With rapid industrialization and population growth, fossil fuel use has increased, which has a significant impact on the environment. Hydrogen does not cause contamination in the energy production process, so it seems to be a solution, but it is essential to find an appropriate storage method due to its low efficiency. In this study, Mg-based alloys capable of ensuring safety and high volume and hydrogen storage density per weight was studied, and Mg₂NiH_x synthesized with Ni capable of improving hydrogenation kinetics. In addition, in order to improve thermal stability, a hydrogen storage composite material synthesized with CaO was synthesized to analyze the change in hydrogenation reaction. In order to analyze the changes in the metallurgical properties of the materials through the process, XRD, SEM, BET, etc. were conducted, and hydrogenation behavior was confirmed by TGA and hydrogenation kinetics analysis. In addition, in order to evaluate the impact of the process on the environment, the environmental impact was evaluated through "Material Life Cycle Assessments" based on CML 2001 and EI99' methodologies, and compared and analyzed with previous studies. As a result, the synthesis of CaO caused additional power consumption, which had a significant impact on global warming, and further research is required to improve this.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.256-266
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine conditions of dining behaviors, sleep patterns, rates of obesity and intake of snacks and self-purchased snacks deriving from the lack of sleep in academic high school students. The anthropometric characteristics, height and weight (p<0.05), and the distribution of obesity index (p<0.001) showed significant differences between males and females. Dining scores for both male and female students decreased as the frequency of day time napping increased. Although, there was no significant difference in obesity-related "lack of sleep" between males and females, the rate of "being overweight" was slightly higher in female students who indicated that they experienced a "lack of sleep" than female students that indicated "no lack of sleep". While, whether intake of snacks and self-purchased snacks or not, day time napping frequency affected not to male students. However, the frequency of day time napping among females who ate snacks one or more times a day was higher (p<0.05), and a greater frequency of eating self-purchased snacks correlated with a greater frequency of day napping (p<0.01). Consequently, lack of sleep was identified as one of the factors increasing the frequency of intake of snacks and self-purchased snacks in females. Thus, this study suggests that dining behavior guidance should be given along with systematic and continual nutrition education so that the intake of snacks and self-purchased snacks can be moderated to optimize the physical and mental growth and development of adolescents.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2022

At the current stage of globalization and European integration of Ukraine, the aspects related to the effective fight against corruption in the system of economic security of our country are receiving more and more attention, as they become a prerequisite for continuing reforms based on international funding. In order to consider this issue and solve this problem, the necessary step is to develop and implement real mechanisms of the system for detecting and preventing corrupt behavior, which are based on international anti-corruption standards. The leading component of this system is the management of corruption risks in the system of economic security in order to identify them and implement measures to reduce them. This study analyzes the corruption perception index in Ukraine in recent years, which showed a positive, albeit somewhat slow dynamics of its growth, indicating a gradual increase in overcoming corruption through the introduction of a number of anti-corruption measures and changes. It is proved that the current stage of socio-economic development of the country contributes to strengthening the processes of combating corruption and preventing corruption risks, creating an effective and efficient anti-corruption system of the state. The concept of "corruption" was studied, it was found that in the field of public administration it is considered from different positions and is closely related to the concept of "corruption risks". The essence and features of corruption risks are studied, the preconditions of their occurrence are formulated, the relationship between the causes of corruption risks and economic security in the field of public authority has been established. The system of corruption risk management is considered and its components are characterized. It is proposed to increase the effectiveness of anticorruption policy through the implementation of measures aimed at investigating the causes of corruption risks, as well as developed effective and effective means of reducing corruption risks within the system of economic security

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권2D호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2010

많은 개발과 급속한 경제성장과 함께 발전한 교통은 생활에 많은 도움을 주고 있지만, 문제점 역시 발생시키고 있다. 자동차의 증가와 함께 교통사고 역시 급격하게 증가하고 있으며, 대기오염 역시 과거에 비해 급격히 나빠지고 있다. 하지만 이보다 더 큰 문제는 교통의 발전이 교통의 주체인 사람이 아닌 자동차를 중심으로 이루어지고 있는 것이다. 이에 최근에는 도시의 환경과 사람의 중요성에 대한 관심이 점점 늘어남에 따라 보행자 교통의 중요성이 점차 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 보행환경과 같은 복잡계를 모사하는데 유용한 NetLogo 프로그램을 이용하여 보행 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 개발하고, 조사를 통해 얻은 자료와 보행 시뮬레이션을 통해 얻은 자료를 서로 비교하여 프로그램의 유의성을 살펴보고 신뢰도를 판단하였다. 그 결과 시뮬레이션 프로그램과 실제 현장의 데이터는 서로간의 유의성이 있다고 판단되었다. 시뮬레이션 프로그램은 실제 조사 자료와 동일한 형태의 그래프들을 나타내고 있고, 이는 이론적인 보행의 다양한 그래프들과도 비슷한 궤적을 나타내고 있다. 또한 이 프로그램을 이용하여 다양한 보행행태를 분석하였는바, 특히, 보도상의 장애물이 보행자 행태에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• 의정연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.35-68
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• 2021

2021년 독일 총선에서 사민당이 신승해 제1당으로 복귀하고 녹색당이 최대 승자로 떠올랐다. 두 정당은 기후·환경, 팬데믹 대처와 보건, 노동·사회 정책에서 국민의 기대에 부응하는 정책을 제시함으로써 승기를 잡았다. 메르켈 효과는 선거에서 크게 작용하지 않았으며, 연정 구성 후 정부 정책으로 이어질 가능성이 크다. 투표 행태에서 계급 균열이 약해진 반면, 세대 균열이 상대적으로 커졌다. 노년층은 양대 정당에 더 많은 지지를 보냈고, 청년층은 녹색당과 자민당에 더 높은 지지율을 보였다. 세대 갈등이 계속된다면 녹색당과 자민당 등의 성장과 양대 정당의 지속적 약화 및 기타 새로운 정당의 등장으로 이어질 수 있다. 또한 구 동·서독 간 지역 갈등이 여전히 남아 있어 대안당과 좌파당의 향배에 영향을 미쳐 다른 균열들과 결합할 것이다. 2021년 총선은 정당 체제 재편을 예고하는 선거라고 할 수 있다.