The growth of Bifidobacterium breve strain HP2 was completely inhibited by the addition of lactate higher than 4.0% but not by the addition of acetate. Two kinds of lactate-tolerant mutants were isolated by the nitrosoguanidine treatment, enrichment on a liquid medium with 5% lactate, and selection on agar plates with 5% lactate. The mutants were not only able to grow in the presence of 5% lactate but also improved in viable cell stability in the acidic pH range. In a pH-controlled fermentor, mutant N-1-5 grew at a rate slower than that of the wild type but its growth yield was higher. Notably, mutants were more halotolerant and more osmotolerant than the wild type and they were able to grow in the presence of 3% NaCl or 25% lactose at which the wild type entirely stopped the growth. The enzyme activities involved in the lactose metabolism in B. breve were measured to elucidate the biochemical basis for lactate tolerance. In the mutants, activities of several enzymes including phosphoglucomutase decreased compared to the wild-type, which may explain their lower growth rate. However, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase or its nature of inhibition by lactate was not altered.
Park, Gyung-Mi;Cho, Kyoung-Hee;Shon, Yun-Hee;Lim, Jong-Kook;Nam, Kyung-Soo
Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
/
v.31
no.1
/
pp.7-15
/
2000
Glycyrrhizae Radix aqua-acupuncture solution (GRAS) and Glycyrrhizae Radix water-extracted solution (GRWS) were prepared and tested for organ toxicities, antitumor activities, and immunomodulatory effects. The organ-toxicity of GRAS to male ICR mice was studied by the measurements of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP-s) activities after injection of GRAS for 7 days. The activities of GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP-s were decreased with GRAS. It was shown to possess considerable toxicity toward various tumor cell lines. Concentration of GRAS at 1.5g/ml and 3g/ml resulted in more than 80% inhibition of growth in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC), Hepa1c1c7, and HeLa cells. Toxicity of GRAS to A549 revealed that 68% inhibition of growth. GRWS at the concentration of 3g/ml showed more than 80% inhibition of growth with EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa. In morphological study, the number of cells were decreased, and the shape of cells was round-form in EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa cells with GRAS. Administration of GRAS inhibited the growth of EATC in vivo. Mice given EATC at 1.5g/ml or 0.3g/ml GRAS had 16.7% to 50% survival after 21 days. GRAS increased the proliferation of T and B cells and the cytolytic activity of purified T cell. The biosyntheses of nucleic acid and protein of EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa cells were inhibited by GRAS.
Um, Yurry;Kim, Bo Ra;Jeong, Jin Ju;Chung, Chan Moon;Lee, Yi
Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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v.22
no.4
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pp.306-312
/
2014
Endophytes are microorganisms that live in the internal tissues of plants without harming the host plants. In this symbiotic relationship, the host plants provide nutrients and shelter to the endophytes, in turn, endophytes can promote the growth of host plants and act as a biological control agents against plant pathogens. Plant-microbe interactions like this are noted for natural methods for sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation. However, in spite of the infinite potential, there are only a few reports on the endophytes present in ginseng. In this study, we isolated and identified the endophytes from Panax ginseng seeds and evaluated the biological activities (IAA production ability, nitrogen fixation ability, phosphate solubilization capacity, siderophore production ability, and antifungal activities) of the endophyte isolates. Eight different endophytes were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Most of the endophytes have antibiotic and plant growth promoting (PGP) activities. Particularly, PgSEB5-37E have the highest antibiotic activity, both PgSEB5-37B and PgSEB5-37H have high PGP traits such as an abilities to produce IAA, solubilize phosphate and fix nitrogen. These results indicated that the endophytes from P. ginseng seeds may have applicable value to many industries. In order to use the isolated endophytes, quantitative analysis and field tests are needed to be performed.
The effects of various nitrogen soruces on the expression of nif gene were investigated using nif-lac fusants of Klebsiella pneumoniae. K. pneumoniae UK 2979 was infected with Mudl lysate prepared by heat induction of K. pneumoniae UK 4482. About 80 nif-lac fusants were isolated and designated as LX series. In the prescence of $NH_4^+,\;{\beta}-galactosidase$ activities on nif-lac fusants were greatly repressed. Amino acids, such as serine, glutamine and asparagine, were found to support the growth of K. pneumoniae M5al quite well, and showed a repressive effect on ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities of nif-lac fusants LX-9 and LX-22 in NFHM. Glutamic acid, histidine and arginine rendered poor growth but high activities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$. Good cell growth and high enzyme activity were observed when complex nitrogen sources, such as casitone, proteose pepone, were employed. ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities of LX-9 and LX-22 in nitrogen free minimal medium increased sharply within first 4 hours.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
/
v.16
no.6
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pp.85-105
/
2021
In this study, a case study was conducted on Advanced Nano Products Co.,Ltd, a company that was established in 2000 and has the core technology to produce and commercialize nano materials and ultrafine nano powders based on nano technology. Deviating from the general case study, a case study analysis frame was set based on the theory of technology management and industry-university cooperation theory, and cases were analyzed. In this case study, Advanced Nano Products Co.,Ltd. was analyzed from two analytical perspectives: the establishment of a Management Of Technology system within the company and the Industry-Academic Cooperation activity. Based on this theoretical-based analysis framework, company visit interviews and related data research and analysis were conducted. As a result of the study of the case company, it was possible to derive how the technology management and industry-university cooperation affect the growth stage of the company as follows. First, the strategic use of technology management is an important factor in strengthening the competitive advantage and core competencies of venture companies, and for survival and growth of startups in the early stages. Second, strategic use of technology management and patents and establishment of a patent management system are a part of business strategy and play a pivotal role in corporate performance. Third, the human and material infrastructure of universities affects the growth of companies in the early stage of start-up, and the high utilization of industry-university cooperation promotes the growth of companies. Fourth, continuous industry-academic cooperation activities in the growth and maturity stages of a company's growth stage are the basis for activating external exchanges and building networks. Lastly, technology management and industry-university cooperation were found to be growth factors for each growth stage of a company. In order for a company to develop continuously from the start-up to the growth and maturity stages, it is necessary to establish a technology management system from the beginning and promote strategic technology management activities. In addition, it can be said that it is important to carry out various industry-academic cooperation activities outside the company. As a result of the case analysis, it was found that Advanced Nano Products Co.,Ltd, which performed these two major activities well, overcame the crisis step by step and continued to grow until now. This study shows how the use of technology management and industry-academic cooperation creates value in each growth stage of technology-based venture companies. In addition, its active use will play a big role in the growth of other venture companies. The results of this case study can be a valid reference for growth research of technology start-up venture companies and related field application and utilization.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities of various concentrations of partially purified substance(s) from green tea seed (Camellia sinensis L.). The total polyphenol contents of each fraction (non-adsorption fraction: F-1, fraction eluted with 40% methanol: F-2, and fraction eluted with 100% methanol: F-3) purified by Diaion HP-20 column chromatography were, in the increasing order: F-1 (3.7 mg tannic acid equivalents, TAB/g) < F-3 (23.2 mg TAB/g) < seed extracts (26.2 mg TAB/g) < F-2 (42.7 mg TAB/g). The scavenging activities toward the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picyrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were, in decreasing order: F-2 (93.3%) > butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; 89.8%) > ascorbic acid (89.3%) > leaf extracts (70.3%) > F-3 (15.9%) > seed extracts (15.8%) > F-1 (14.8%) at a 0.1% concentration. In studies on antimicrobial activities, the results indicate that the growth of yeast (Candida albicans KCCM 11282 and Cryptococcus neoformans KCCM 50544) was inhibited more so than that of other fungi (Alternaria alternate KCTC 6005 and Rhizoctonia solani). In addition, it appears that the antitumor activities of the F-1, F-2, and F-3 fractions at a concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/mL$ showed 6, 7, and 23% growth inhibition of the HEC-1B cell line, 14, 11, 82% inhibition of the HEP-2 cell line, and 8, 16, and 81% inhibition of the SK-OV-3 cell line, respectively. Overall these results indicate that the antioxidant activity is greatest in the F-2 fraction, and the antimicrobial and antitumor activities are greatest in the F-3 fraction.
A total of 96 growing barrows (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) at an average BW of 20.2 kg were used to investigate the effects of montmorillonite (MMT) or copper-bearing montmorillonite (Cu-MMT) on growth performance, intestinal microflora, digestive enzyme activities of pancreas and small intestinal contents, and the apparent nutrient digestion. The pigs were allocated to three groups with 32 pigs per treatment for 42 days and the average BW at the end of the experiment was 49.7 kg. The three dietary treatments were basal diet only (control group), basal diet +1.5 g/kg MMT, and basal diet +1.5 g/kg Cu-MMT. The results showed that supplementation with Cu-MMT significantly improved growth performance as compared to control and pigs fed with Cu-MMT had higher average daily gain than those fed with MMT. As compared to control, supplementation with Cu-MMT significantly reduced the total viable counts of Escherichia coli and Clostridium in the small intestine and proximal colon. Supplementation with MMT had no significant influence on intestinal microflora, although there was a tendency for Escherichia coli and Clostridium to be lower than the control. Pigs fed with Cu-MMT had lower viable counts of Escherichia coli in colonic contents than those fed with MMT. Although supplementation with MMT improved the activities of the digestive enzymes in the small intestinal contents, the tendency was not significant. Supplementation with Cu-MMT significantly improved the activities of total protease, amylase and lipase in the small intestinal contents. Supplementation with MMT or Cu-MMT improved the apparent nutrient digestion.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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v.11
no.6
/
pp.111-122
/
2016
Support and efforts are being strengthened at the national level for entrepreneurial activities that are expected to revitalize our economy. Generally, according to the previous studies, it is known that entrepreneurship positively affects economic growth and the reduction of unemployment rate through employment creation. The analysis of the impact of entrepreneurial activities on economic growth and job creation is mainly based on national comparative analysis. In this paper, however, the impact of start-up activities in the Busan metropolitan city on regional economic growth and employment improvement. In this study, the dummy variables were assigned to firms within three years, five years, and ten years after start-up according to the period since the start-up of the firm. As a result of the empirical analysis, the value of dummy variable of the start - up firms was found to be significant in the analysis of the sales growth rate as the dependent variable according to the preceding study by Evans(1987). Therefore, it can be seen that the growth rate of the start - up company is higher than that of the other companies and it is positive for the regional economic growth. In addition, the coefficient of the dummy variable decreases from the enterprise analysis to the latter within three years, five years, and ten years after the start-up, and confirms that the coefficient of the firm's start-up years has a negative value. I could see more clearly. On the other hand, in the analysis of the effect of start-up firms on unemployment rate reduction, the growth rate of regular workers was higher than that of other firms. This suggests that it positively affects the reduction of the unemployment rate in the region. In addition, in the dynamic analysis using the Almon estimation formula and the Koyck model, the effect of log-transformed net start-up firms on the growth rate of new workers is very significant. As a result of the above model, It is reaffirmed that start-up activity has a positive effect on employment growth.
Biological activities of decursin and decursinol, natural coumarin derivatives, on the germination, growth and adventitious root formation of several plants were observed. In 10 ppm of decursin or decursinol, the growth of Avena coleoptile sections was inhibited, and the activity of IAA-oxidase was gradually enhanced by the increase of its concentrations. Inhibition effect on seed germination was observed from 100 ppm of each chemcials, and the activity of amylase in the germinating seeds was also gradually decreased. However, in the higher concentrations of decursin, the inhibited germination rate of wheat was slightly reduced. Decursin and decursinol also promoted the adventitious root formation in seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris.
The mycelial growths of wood-decaying mushroom strains collected from Korean forests were investigated on solid media under different culture media and temperatures. Most of strains showed the higher mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) than malt extract agar (MEA) or sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) plates. Except for a few strains, they grew well on PDA at $25^{\circ}C$ and showed a poor growth at low temperature ($10^{\circ}C$) than high temperature ($30^{\circ}C$). All strains showed the carboxymethylcellulase (CM-cellulase) and laccase activities on solid media containing the specific substrates for two different enzymes.
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