• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.606-613
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of food type (condensed freshwater Chlorella, dried Chlorella, dried Spirulina, dried Schizochytrium, baker's yeast and $\omega-yeast$) and amount, and supplementation of vitamin $B_{12}$ on the growth of freshwater rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) in high density culture. Growth of rotifers fed condensed freshwater Chlorella was the highest and its density ranged $7.65-8.14{\times}10^3\;inds./mL.$ The primary lipid acids of rotifers fed condensed freshwater Chloyella were linoleic and linolenic, and their amount ($\%$ of total fatty acids) were $48.8\%\;and\;26.8\%,$ respectively. This suggests that condensed freshwater Chlorella would be an effective diet for high quality and quantity rotifers, which in turn serve as live food for freshwater fish larvae. Growth rate of rotifers with Chlorella supplementation increased as amount of supplementation increased up to 1.5 and 2.5 mg at 28 and $32^{\circ}C$, respectively. However, undissolved ammonia toxicity and packing volume of Chlorella in culture medium, reached the optimal conditions for the stable and effective cultivation of rotifers when amount of condensed freshwater Chlorella was 1.5 mg in dry weight per 1,000 rotifers at $28^{\circ}C\;and\;32^{\circ}C$ Growth of rotifers in condensed freshwater Chlorella with vitamin $B_{12}$ supplementation was significantly higher than that of rotifers without supplementation. However, no significant difference was found among the different concentrations of vitamin $B_{12}.$ Therefore, vitamin $B_{12}$ could improve the growth of rotifers (B. calyciflorus).

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.209-211
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• 2018

A zinc oxide thin film doped with aluminum was deposited by RF sputtering. The deposition temperature of the sputter chamber was kept constant at $350^{\circ}C$, the power supplied to the chamber was 75 W, the oxygen flow rate was changed to 10 sccm and 20 sccm, and the thin film deposition time was changed to 120 and 180 minutes. The structures of the deposited zinc oxide thin films were analyzed by van der Waals method using an X-ray diffractometer. As a result of X-ray diffraction, the amount of oxygen supplied to the zinc oxide thin film increased, and the surface growth of the (002), (400), (110), and (103) planes showed a change with increasing deposition time. Moreover, as the amount of oxygen supplied to the zinc oxide thin film increased, their shape was observed to be coarse, and the thin film' s particles shape was correlated with the oxygen chemical defect introduced.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2001

순환식 펄라이트 재배에서 오이의 양액흡수는 일사량 변화와 관계없이 단위일사량당 흡수량이 80~100 mg.MJ$^{-1}$까지 증가 후 일정하게 유지되어 양액흡수 지표는 전체 양액흡수량보다 단위일사량당 양액흡수량이 더 적합하였다. NO￣$_3$-N의 흡수량은 초기에 3 mg.MJ$^{-1}$에서 후기 16 mg.MJ$^{-1}$로 상승하였고 Ca는 초기에 3mg.MJ$^{-1}$에서 후기에 14 mg.MJ$^{-11}$ 로, Mg는 초기에 1 mg.MJ$^{-1}$에서 후기에 5 mg.MJ$^{-1}$로 증가되었으나, 정식 후 62일 이후의 증가세로 둔화되었다. K는 초기에 5.0 mg.MJ$^{-1}$에서 후기 18 mg.MJ$^{-1}$로 증가되었으나 지속적인 증가를 보여주지 못하였는데 이것은 오이의 하엽 제거로 인한 결과로 생각되어진다. 그러나 P는 초기에 0.5 mg.MJ$^{-1}$에서 후기의 3.2mg.MJ$^{-1}$로 지속적으로 증가되었다. S는 초기에 0.5 mg.MJ$^{-1}$에서 증가에 6.5 mg.MJ$^{-1}$까지 증가되다가 후기에 2.7 mg.MJ$^{-1}$로 감소되었다. 오이의 각각의 무기이온 흡수량과 가장 상관이 높았던 요소는 정식일수와 엽면적이었으나 이 두 요소와 단위일사량당 양액흡수량과는 $r^2$=0.92, 0.97로 높은 상관을 보였다. 단위일사량당 양액흡수량을 이용한 각각의 무기이온 흡수량 회귀식은 $r^2$=0.9 이상으로 높은 상관관계를 보여 실용적 이용이 가능할 것으로 보였다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2015

느타리버섯 생육단계별 호흡량을 측정한 결과, 균사배양 초기는 850cc병 16병(1밧트)에서 1분당 호흡량이 184.75ppm이며 1병당 11.55ppm/min.이고 1시간에 692.8ppm/1병이므로 배양실에 2500병이 있다면 173,203ppm/1시간의 이산화탄소가 발생한다. 그러므로 배양초기에 배양 실내 적정 이산화탄소함량인 600±100ppm으로 맞추기 위해서는 신선한 공기가 배양실로 얼마만큼 유입되어야 하는가를 계산식으로 나타낼 수 있다. 균사배양 중기는 850cc병 16병(1밧트)에서 1분당 호흡량이 185.8ppm이며 1병당 11.62ppm/min.으로 배양초기보다 호흡량이 약간 많다가 배양이 진행된에 따라 호흡량이 감소하였다. 버섯생육초기는 850cc병 16병(1밧트)에서 1분당 호흡량이 154.5ppm이며 1병당 9.66ppm/min.이고 1시간에 579.4ppm/1병이다. 버섯생육중기단계는 850cc병 16병(1밧트)에서 1분당 호흡량이 148.1ppm이며 1병당 9.26ppm/min.이고 1시간에 555.4ppm/1병이다. 버섯생육말기단계는 850cc병 16병(1밧트)에서 1분당 호흡량이 157.1ppm이며 1병당 9.82ppm/min.이고 1시간에 589.1ppm/1병이다. 버섯 수확 후 단계는 850cc병 16병(1밧트)에서 1분당 호흡량이 101.6ppm이며 1병당 6.35ppm/min.이고 1시간에 381ppm/1병이다. 버섯 균사배양에서 생육, 수확단계까지 전체 경시적인 변화를 보면 배양초기와 중기에 가장 높고 점차 감소하다가 생육초기보다 말기 쪽이 조금씩 호흡량이 증가하다가 수확 후에 급속하게 감소하는 경향이었다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2006

Sr, added in the hypereutectic Al-Si alloys, is absorbed on the surfaces of primary Si as well as eutectic Si, and can change the growth mode of primary Si from non-faceted to faceted mode, as the amount of Sr increases larger than 0.04 wt.%, even though it cannot affect the grain size of primary Si, significantly. The EBSD analysis shows that the traction of ${\Sigma}3$ boundary(twin boundary) increases as the amount of Sr in the hypereutectic Al-Si alloys increase until the over-modification occurs at 1.6 wt.%Sr and proves that the change in growth mode of primary Si results from the change of TPRE growth to IIT growth.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.113-126
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• 1979

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of the Korean red ginseng extracts on the growth of lactic acid bacteria, such as Lac. acidophilus and Str. thermophilus. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The growth of all the lactic acid bacteria tested in this study was not influenced when the skim milk was added with the red ginseng extracts in concentration of less than 4.0%. But the growth was remarkably inhibited in the presence of 8.0% red ginseng extracts in skim milk. 2. Titratable acidity was more or less increased by addition of red ginseng extracts as compared with control except when the amount of 8.0% red ginseng extracts were added into skim milk. 3. No particular effect was observed in the growth of lactic acid bacteria in case of addition of saponins. But the remarkable inhibitory effect was observed in the skim milk with the amount of 1.2mg/ml the fractions extracted by ethyl ether from red ginseng extracts.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전자세라믹스 센서 및 박막재료 반도체재료 일렉트렛트 및 응용기술
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• pp.100-103
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• 2000

In the case of immobilizing of glucose oxidase into polypyrrole (PPy) using electrosynthesis, the glucose oxidase (GOx) forms a coordinate bond with the polymers backbone. However, because of intrinsic insulation and net-chain of the enzyme, the charge transfer and mass transport are obstructed during the film growth. Therefore, the film growth is dull. We synthesized the enzyme electrode by electropolymerization added some organic solvent. A formative seeds of film growth is delayed by adding ethanol. The delay is induced by radical transfer between ethanol and pyrrole monomer. The radical transfer shares the contribution of dopant between electrolyte anion and GOx polyanion. This may lead to increase amount of immobilized the enzyme in PPy. For the UV absorption spectra of synthetic solution before synthesis and after, in the case of ethanol added, the optical density was slightly decreased for the GOx peaks. It suggests amount of GOx in the solution was decreased and amount of GOx in the film was increased. We established qualitatively that amount of immobilization can be improved by adding a little ethanol in the synthetic solution. It is due to radical transfer reaction. The radical transfer shares the contribution of dopant between small and fast electrolyte anion and big and slow GOx polyanion.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.413-419
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• 1998

${\beta}$-silicon carbides with yttrium aluminum garnet of 2,5,10 mol% were prepared by a liquid--phase sint-ering and the microstructural evolution and phase transformation were investigated during sintering as functions of liquid-phase amount and sintering time. The rate of grain growth decreases with the addition of the amount of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) in the SiC starting powder however the apparent density and the aspect ratio of grains in sintered body increase. The phase transformation from ${\beta}$-SiC to ${\alpha}$-SiC were dependent on the liquid-phase amount and sintering time.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2000

This study was carried out to improve the tobacco field condition and to determine the effect of lime amount and application time on soil pH, yield, and quality of leaf tobacco. Lime was applied to the tobacco field by determined amounts according to different pH level. The changes of soil pH, growth of tobacco, yield, and quality of KF109 and Br21 tobacco were surveyed by time lapse. The target pH value in tobacco field soil can be reached at 6 weeks after lime application, and then the soil pH was lowered slightly after that time. The lime amount needed to reach target pH was decreased 40 % in the same tobacco field after 1 year. Though the initial growth rate of flue-cured tobacco in the field of pH 7.0 was lower than that of conventional tobacco field, the field of pH 7.0 showed the highest yield after the maximum growth stage. The quality of cured leaf tobacco in the field of pH 7.0 applied lime at spring season was slightly lowered compared with that in conventional. This results indicated that the best pH condition in tobacco field for the best tobacco growth was 6.5 and the proper time of lime application was fall season of previous year by application of the whole quantity.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.488-503
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• 1999

The present paper considers the constraint effect on J-R curves under the two-parameter $J-A_2$ controlled crack growth within a certain amount of crack extension. Since the parameter $A_2$ in $J-A_2$ three-term solution is independent of applied loading under fully plasticity or large-scale defor-mation $A_2$ is a proper constraint parameter uring crack extension. Both J and $A_2$ are used to char-acterize the resistance curves of ductile crack growth using J as the loading level and $A_2$ are used to char-acterize the resistance curves of ductile crack growth using J as the loading level and A2 as a con-straint parameter. Approach of the constraint-corrected J-R curve is proposed and a procedure of transferring the J-R curves determined from standard ASTM procedure to non-standard speci-mens or real cracked structures is outlined. The test data(e.g. initiation toughness JIC and tearing modulus $T_R$) of Joyce and Link(Engineer-ing Fracture Mechanics 1997, 57(4) : 431-446) for single-edge notched bend[SENB] specimen with from shallow to deep cracks is employed to demonstrate the efficiency of the present approach. The variation of $J_{IC}$ and $T_R$ with the constraint parameter $A_2$ is obtained and a con-straint-corrected J-R curves is constructed for the test material of HY80 steel. Comparisons show that the predicted J-R curves can very well match with the experimental data for both deep and shallow cracked specimens over a reasonably large amount of crack extension. Finally the present constraint-corrected J-R curve is used to predict the crack growth resistance curves for different fracture specimens. over a reasonably large amount of crack extension. Finally the present constraint-corrected J-R curve is used to predict the crack growth resistance curves for different fracture specimens. The constraint effects of specimen types and specimen sizes on the J-R curves can be easily obtained from the constrain-corrected J-R curves.