• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.427-433
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• 2012

The present study was performed to investigate long-term effects of the low-crude protein and lysine (low CP/lys) diet and a yeast culture supplemented to the low CP/lys diet on growth and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. Forty-five gilts and 45 barrows weighing approximately 25 kg born to Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace dams and Duroc sires were allocated to nine pens, with five gilts and five barrows assigned per pen. Every three pens received CP/lys-rich grower and finisher diets (control), low CP/lys grower and finisher (basal), or the low CP/lys grower and finisher supplemented (2%) with a yeast culture providing $3.2{\times}10^8$ Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells/kg diet (yeast) for 31 and 79 days, respectively. The ADG was less in the low CP/lys (basal + yeast) group than in the control group (P<0.01) during both grower (0.59 vs. 0.70 kg) and finisher (0.75 vs. 0.89 kg) phases. However, marbling score was greater (P<0.05) in the low CP/lys group vs. control (3.86 vs. 3.12) at slaughter, which resulted in a twice percentage of the $1^+$-quality grade carcasses in the former compared with that for the latter. Supplementation of the yeast culture to the basal diet caused a decrease in ADG during the grower phase (P<0.01), but not during the finisher phase (0.64 vs. 0.53 kg and 0.73 vs. 0.77 kg for the basal vs. yeast group during the grower and finisher phases, respectively), without influencing the marbling score or percentage of the $1^+$-quality grade carcasses. In conclusion, results indicate that long-term provision of the low CP/lys diet has a beneficial effect on marbling and carcass quality grade as well as a negative effect on weight gain and that the yeast culture supplemented to the low CP/lys diet has no beneficial effect on weight gain or carcass quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2008

The influence of dietary beef tallow (BT) versus sunflower oil (SO) on meat quality and apparent digestibility and deposition of individual fatty acids in the whole carcass was investigated in pigs fed diets containing either BT or SO. The diets contained equal amounts of energy in the form of the variable fats and were fed on an iso-energetic, restricted basis. Crude fat in the SO diet was better digested (p<0.001) than in the BT diet. The dietary fat type had no effect on growth performance, physical properties of the carcass and meat quality. The pigs fed the BT diet showed lower (p<0.001) apparent digestibilities for palmitic and linoleic acid, but those of oleic and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid were not affected. The ratio of deposition in the carcass to intake of digestible fatty acids for the whole feeding period was decreased (p<0.01) for oleic and linoleic acid in pigs fed the SO diet. The pigs fed the SO diet instead of the BT diet had a lower (p<0.05) deposition:intake ratio for mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The calculated minimum de novo synthesis of saturated fatty acids was increased for the SO diet, but that of mono-unsaturated fatty acids was not different. In conclusion, the iso-energetic replacement of BT by SO had a marked impact on the fatty acid composition of tissues, but did not affect carcass and meat quality traits in spite of the marked difference in the deposition of linoleic acid in adipose tissues, loin muscle and the whole body. In addition, it became clear that the type of dietary fat had marked, specific effects on the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.697-702
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• 2010

Ten farrow-finish farms participated in this seromonitoring that was conducted to investigate the porcine brucellosis situation in Korea. In total, eight (80.0%) of the 10 farms and 139 (24.0%) of 578 pigs tested showed a positive response in the Rose Bengal test (RBT). Seroprevalence levels were determined using RBT according to age; 35 (14.6%) of 239 piglets, 36 (31.3%) of 115 growing pigs, and 68 (30.4%) of 224 finishing pigs and sows were positive, respectively. All positive samples in RBT were tested with the tube agglutination test (TAT) and competitive ELISA (C-ELISA), simultaneously. Although 48 samples came up positive in the TAT, all samples tested with C-ELISA were negative. Among 26 rectal swab samples from the TAT positive-pigs, Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 was isolated from seven samples (26.9%). Therefore, we speculated that the positive reaction of RBT and TAT in this study might be induced by the serologically cross-reacting bacteria with Brucella abortus.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Studies were carried out using growing to finishing pigs to investigate adequate floor space ($m^2/pig$) in Jeju environment. A randomized block design was used to compare the effect of pig performance on 3 stocking rates (low $0.56 m^2/pig$, medium 0.70 and high 0.90). Liveweight gain and feed intake were measured over a 4 week(Growth stage 1 and Growth stage 2) period or a 3 week(Growth stage 3) period. In growth stage 1 (43 to 65 kg body weight ; BW), daily weight gain was significantly higher in the medium stocking rate than in low or high (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in daily weight gain was found among treatments in growth stage 2(65 to 91 kg) or 3 (91 to 105 kg). Dressing percentage, back fat thickness and carcass grade were also not different (P>0.05). In conclusion, daily weight gain of pigs reared in medium density appeared to be higher than in the other groups during the early growing period which is $0.70m^2/pig$ and similar to that recommended by National Livestock Research Institute, RDA.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

Yersinia enterocolitica is an inhabitant in the lower intestinal tract of many domestic and wild animals as well as in the nature. Of the several forms of diseases caused by Y. enterocolitica, an acute enteritis, especially in young children, is the most common form. Infection of the bacteria usually occurs through fecal-oral route by contaminated foods or water, especially mountainspring water. Of the domestic animals, swine has been known as one of the most important carrier in the human infection. Based on the knowledge, prevalence of antibody against Y enterocolitica was investigated with swine sera collected from Korea for the survey of Y enterocolitica infection in swine. As the first step of this survey, we analyzed outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles of the representative strains of Y enterocolitica isolated from the feces of piglets and mountainspring water in Korea. Thirty-eight kDa OMP was identified as the common OMP regardless of origin, serotype, or biotype of Y enterocolitica isolates. Presence of antibody specific for 38 kDa OMP of Y enterocolitica in 1,076 swine sera collected from November 1999 to October 2000 was analysed with ELISA. Antibody titer in sows was significantly higher than that in piglets, growing pigs and finishing pigs (p<0.05). Also, there was seasonal difference in the prevalence of antibody against Y enterocolitica. These results would provide the basic knowledge for controlling the Y enterocolitica infection in human as well as swine.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.156-166
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• 2007

Soybean meal was widely used as a protein source in pig feedstuff because it has a good amino acid balance compared with other vegetable sources. However, soybeans contain trypsin inhibitors and other antinutritional factors which can lead to lower the digestibility of amino acid, and consequently reduce the growth performance. Heat treatment of soybeans is helpful shown to decrease the antinutritional factors and elicit an improved growth performance. Additionally, microbial processe using(HP 100, HP 200 and HP 300), and non-protein constituent removal are suggested to improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Inadequate heat treatment of soybeans gives no damage to adult pig, but it has been shown to decrease nutrient digestibility in young pig. So, soy protein concentrate (SPC) and Isolated soy protein(ISP) were more widely used for nursery pigs than growing and finishing pigs, since SPC and ISP have similar characteristics as milk product.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 2001

Swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, an anaerobic, beta-hemolytic spirochete, is a severe mucohemorrhahic diarrheal disease that primarily affects pigs during the growing and finishing period. The current standard laboratory procedure to culture and identify B hyodysenteriae takes 3 to 7 days. This report present a rapid PCR for detection B hyodysenteriae in a single reaction using DNA from swine intestinal samples. The PCR produced a specific 421bp PCR product with template DNA purified from B hyodysenteriae, and the accuracy for detection of B hyodysenteriae by PCR results compared with those of conventional method was 100% in intestinal specimens. Nonspecific bands were not detected with B innocens, a nonpathogenic common inhabitant spirochete, including other enteric bacterial organisms. This procedure could detect as little as 50 pg of template DNA for B hyodysenteriae.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation of yeast culture on the nutrient digestibility, performance and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. Corn-soy basal diets contained 20, 18, and 16% CP and 3,265kcal/kg ME at different growth stages. One hundred and twenty pigs(8wk-old) were allocated into four supplementation levels of yest culture (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4%) in Expt 1. Weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were periodically recorded for 112 days. A metabolic feeding trial was conducted to measure the nutrient digestibility. Physical and chemical characteristics of the Longissimus Dorsi muscle(LM) from the pigs were measured at the end of experiment (Expt 2). In Expt 1, weight gain and feed efficiency were not different among the dietary treatment groups during the overall period. The digestibilities of protein and fiber were greater in 0.1% and 0.2% yeast culture-supplemented groups than in control (P<0.05). However, fat and ash digestibilities were not improved by the dietary treatment. In Expt 2, the LM protein content in 0.1% yeast culture-supplemented group, but not in 0.2% or 0.4%-supplemented group, was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). The LM pH, purge loss, cooking loss and color were not affected by the dietary treatment. The LM shearing force was less in 0.2% yeast culture-supplemented group than in the control group (P<0.05). Other LM physicochemical properties did not differ between the dietary treatment groups. Total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids percentages and total cholesterol content of the LM did not differ across the dietary treatment groups.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to establish comparison of ventilation efficiency in an enclosed and conventional growing-finishing pig house. The experimental pigs were in winter and summer. The main results of the experiment are as follows : Then the air from planar slot inlet the pig house flow out through the sidewall outlet operated by exhaust fan(Gl). The second structure has an air input through the circular duct inlet are plated side the juncture of the entering wall and the air into the pig house flow out through the chimney and pit outlet are operated by exhaust fan(G2). Through the air into relay fan the pig house flow out through the curtains in sidewall(G3). Similarly, air comes in through the circular duct inlet are placed the air into the pig house flow out through the curtains in sidewall (G4). Air flow rate on the floor level which is the low part of pen and the living area of pigs in the G2 and G4 system during winter was measured at 0.2 to 0.3 m/s at the 0.5 to 0.6 m/s at the maximum ventilation efficiency. As for the results of detrimental gas(ammonia) concentration ratio analysis, while G2 and G4 system sustained of summer 13.3 $\~$ 16.6 ppm, winter 14.0 $\~$ 14.6 ppm level, Gl and G3 system sustained of summer 14.6 $\~$ 20.3 ppm, winter 20.3 $\~$ 25.0 ppm, and the latter one is lower than that of the G1 and G3 system.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1474-1482
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• 2024

Objective: The experiment aimed to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in 10 brown rice samples fed to pigs, and to construct predictive models for SID of CP and AA based on the physical characteristics and chemical composition of brown rice. Methods: Twenty-two cannulated pigs (initial body weight: 42.0±1.2 kg) were assigned to a replicated 11×3 incomplete Latin square design, including an N-free diet and 10 brown rice diets. Each period included 5 d adaptation and 2 d ileal digesta collection. Chromic oxide was added at 0.3% to all the diets as an indigestible marker for calculating the ileal CP and AA digestibility. Results: The coefficients of variation of all detected indices for physical characteristics and chemical composition, except for bulk weight, dry matter (DM) and gross energy, in 10 brown rice samples were greater than 10%. The SID of CP, lysine (Lys), methionine, threonine (Thr), and tryptophan (Trp) in brown rice was 77.2% (62.6% to 85.5%), 87.5% (80.3% to 94.3%), 89.2% (78.9% to 98.9%), 55.4% (46.1% to 67.6%) and 92.5% (86.3% to 96.3%), respectively. The best prediction equations for the SID of CP, Lys, Thr, and Trp were as following, SID_CP = -664.181+8.484×DM (R² = 0.40), SID_Lys = 53.126+6.031×ether extract (EE)+0.893×thousand-kernel volume (R² = 0.66), SID_Thr = 39.916+7.843×EE (R² = 0.41), and SID_Trp = -361.588+4.891×DM+0.387×total starch (R² = 0.85). Conclusion: Overall, a great variation exists among 10 sources of brown rice, and the thousand-grain volume, DM, EE, and total starch can be used as the key predictors for SID of CP and AA.