• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2024

Current straw mushroom farming in countries with large rice growing areas has great development potential, and was once considered a way to generate additional income and reduce poverty in rural areas. However, currently most people still grow mushrooms using traditional processes, leading to low productivity and unguaranteed output quality. Currently, due to climate change and unusual weather changes, people tend to switch to growing straw mushrooms indoors. In the process of growing straw mushrooms indoors, the design of an automatic control and monitoring system is very important to ensure the growing process is carried out effectively and achieves high yields. In this paper, we propose a system that can automatically control and monitor the humidity and temperature of the indoor straw mushroom growing process and other parameters that can be monitored through a network system using Internet of Things. The control algorithm automatically adjusts the grow house equipment based on feedback from sensors to maintain an optimal environment for growing straw mushrooms. Experimental results show that the straw mushroom growing system with automatically controlled and monitored environmental parameters helps improve efficiency, reduce costs and increase the sustainability of the current straw mushroom growing industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권9호
• /
• pp.1319-1327
• /
• 2014

Two feeding trials were conducted to determine the optimum feeding frequency in growing Korean rockfish, (Sebastes schlegeli) reared at the temperatures of $15^{\circ}C$ and $19^{\circ}C$. Fish averaging $92.2{\pm}0.7$ g (mean${\pm}$standard deviation [SD]) at $15.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and $100.2{\pm}0.4g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) at $19.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ water temperature were randomly distributed into each of 15 indoor tanks containing 250-L sea water from a semi-recirculation system. A total of five feeding frequency groups were set up in three replicates as follows: one meal in a day at 08:00 hour, two meals a day at 08:00 and 17:00 hours, three meals a day at 08:00, 14:00, and 20:00 hours, four meals a day at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 20:00 hours, and one meal every 2 days at 08:00 hour. Fish were fed at the rate of 1.2% body weight (BW)/d at $15^{\circ}C$ and 1.5% BW/d at $19^{\circ}C$. At the end of 8 wks of feeding trial weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly higher at the fish fed groups of one meal a day and two meals a day at $15^{\circ}C$ and fish fed groups of 1 meal every 2 days at $19^{\circ}C$ were significantly lower than those of all other fish fed groups. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase of fish fed group at 1 meal every 2 days was significantly higher than those of all other fish fed groups in both experiments. Weight gain, specific growth rate and condition factor were gradually decreased as the feeding frequency increased. The results indicate that growing Korean rockfish 92 and 100 g perform better at $15^{\circ}C$ than $19^{\circ}C$ water temperature. As we expected, current results have indicated that a feeding frequency of 1 meal a day is optimal for the improvement of weight gain in growing Korean rockfish grown from 92 g to 133 g at $15^{\circ}C$ and 100 g to 132 g at $19^{\circ}C$ water temperature.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 1992

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the bottom watering method on seedling growth, temperature of seedbed and working hours. The results of compared conventional watering with bottom watering were as follows: 1. The lowest and highest temperature on surface of bottom watering seedbed were higher about 2-3$^{\circ}C$ and 3-5$^{\circ}C$ than those of conventional plot, respectively. 2. At 30 days after seeding, flesh and dry weight of seedling in bottom watering seedbed were heavier about 121% and 62% than those of seedling in conventional plot, respectively, while dry ratio of that was lower about 30.2%. 3. Plant height of transplanting seedling in bottom watering seedbed was higher about 4-5cm than that of seedling in conventional plot. Otherwise, ratio of top to root and length of root were not significant. 4. Working hours of bottom watering for growing seedling were reduced 40.9% and 53.4% in primary and secondary seedbeds as compared with those of conventional plot, respectively.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2005

초크랄스키 단결정장치내 실리콘 유동의 자기장효과에 대한 수치해석을 하였다. 8" 단결정 성장과정에서 난류 모형을 사용하여 수송현상을 계산하였다. 도가니 회전수가 작으면 자연대류가 지배적이었다. 도가니 회전수가 증가할수록 강제대류가 증가되며 온도 분포는 더 넓어진다. cusp 자기장을 인가하면 도가니근처의 유동이 크게 감소하며 온도분포는 전도의 경우와 비슷해진다.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.248-254
• /
• 1997

The sulfidation behavior of a sputter-deposited amorphous coating of 69.0%Nb-16.9Ni-11.9%Al-2.2%Si (at.%) has been investigated as a funtion of temperature.(973-1173K) in pure sulfur pressure of 0.01atm. The sulfidation kinetics of the casting obyed the parabolic rate low over the whole temperature ranges studied. The stlfidation rate increased with the temperature, as expected. The sulfide scale, the composition of which was $Al_2S_3,\;NbS_2,\;Ni_{3-x}S_2\;and\;FeCrS_4$, formed on the amorphous coating was primarily bilayered. Both the outer fastgrowing non-protective 4Al_2S_3$scale and the inner slowly-growing protective $NbS_2$,/TEX> scale and the inner slowly-growing protective $NbS_2$ scale had some Fe and Cr dissolution, which evidently came from the base substrate alloy of stainless steel type 304. Belows the coating, Kirkendall void formation was noticed. Nevertheless, a dramatic improvement of sulfidation resistance was achieved by sputter-depositing Nb-2 Ni-Al-Si layer on the stainless steel 304.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.106-112
• /
• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the environmental factors of habitat of Lindera erythrocarpa and to test seedling growth of the plant transplanted in a field of Sung Kyun Kwan Univ. in Suwon, Kyungkido. The results were as follows ; 1. The wild lindera erythrocarpa was growing in Mt. Kwan whose January average temperature was -3.4$^{\circ}C$, and minimum average temperature was -14.8$^{\circ}C$ in January. It was also growing in Mt. Suri whose daily minimum temperature is 3.4$^{\circ}C$ lower than that of Seoul. Therefore, there was no problem for Lindera erythrocarpa to grow in Seoul regions in terms of winter coldness. 2. The growth of seedlings of Lindera erythrocarpa transplanted in a field of Sung Kyun Kwan Univ. in Suwon, Kyunkido in 1990 showed that average height of the tree was 1.64m, average diameter of root was 2.44cm, and that average width of crown was 1m. Therefore, there was no problem for Lindera erythrocarpa to grow under winter coldness in Suwon area.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2004

Growth of ten isolates of Catenaria anguillulae on linseed oil-cake agar medium was studied at 10, 13, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 44 and $46^{\circ}C$. The cardinal temperatures of these isolates were also determined. Observations clearly revealed that the isolates differed in their temperature requirements. Isolate GA was found to grow best at $40^{\circ}C$, whereas VF isolate showed best growth at 35 and $40^{\circ}C$. Isolates PA, KA, CHP, KO, MA and SWP grew best at $35^{\circ}C$. The other isolates(KP and MMT) showed their best growth at $30^{\circ}C$. Based on radial growth, isolates were categorized as fast growing, medium growing and slow growing. Studies on effect of different temperatures on pathogenicity was made using only three isolates: VF, KP and MA against Xiphinema basin. VF isolate caused maximum infection at $40^{\circ}C$, whereas KP and MA isolates caused maximum infection at $30^{\circ}C$. The morphology of sporangia varied with temperature in isolates producing elongate-elliptical or filamentous sporangia. In VF isolate the sporangia were largely iilamentous to elongate elliptical at $30^{\circ}C$. The width of the sporangia increased with increasing and decreasing temperatures. At $44^{\circ}C$ the sporangia of this isolate were mostly broadly elliptical or spherical. This clearly indicates that sporangia vary in morphology with temperature. From the morphometrical studies it was understood that sporangial morphology was more consistent and reliable for grouping of isolates. Based on the morphology of sporangia the isolates of C. anguillulae were characterized in three groups viz., Mamentouslelongate elliptical(VF, KA, GA and SWP), spherical(PA, KP, MA and MMT) and vertically elongate sporangia(CHP and KO).

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2010

Total eight different winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) strains were characterized by comparisons of fruiting body morphology, hardness and color after growing at different temperature. Although variations depending on the strains were observed, in general, both stipe length and pilus diameter were shorter while pilus thickness was bigger as growing temperatures were decreased. No significant differences in stipe thickness were observed. The ASI4065 and 4151 had the tallest stipe and the ASI4021 had the shortest stipe. The ASI4103 strain had the biggest pilus diameter. The ASI4153 had most thick pilus, while the ASI 4021 had least thick pilus. Also, the ASI4166 had the most thick stipe and the ASI4065 had the most thin stipe. The hardness of white mushrooms were increased by decreasing growth temperatures, while no relationships between the hardness of brown mushrooms. In most strains, stipe were much stronger than pilei and white mushrooms were harder than brown ones. The strain having most strong stipe was ASI4021. Both ASI 4021 and ASI4166 had the most strong pilus. The color of pilus has much lighter than that of stipe. White mushrooms had high brightness value ranging from 70-90, while brown mushrooms showed low brightness value from 30-70. Saturation value was higher in brown mushrooms. Based on our study, it was shown that environmental conditions had some effects on winter mushrooms, but genetic differences among strains were more important factors to determine most characteristics of winter mushrooms.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.218-225
• /
• 2003

본 실험은사과원의 위치에 따라 국지기후조건이 다양함을 보여주었으며, 이와 같이 다양한 기후환경은 과실의 품질에 직간접적으로 많은 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 즉, 당함량과 anthocyanin 함량은 8월의 평균기온에 따라 다른 것으로 나타났으며 일정한 상관관계를 가지고 있었다. 또한 4월에서 8월까지의 평균기온과 과육의 경도 사이에 일정한 상관이 인정되었으며, 4월에서 8월까지의 최고기온과 Hunter a값 사이에도 상관관계가 인정되었다. 이러한 기후조건의 범위는 세포조직학적 특성에도 영향을 미쳤으며, 온도는 과피층 세포의 수와 크기에 영향을 주었다. 따라서, 사과 주산지의 과실 품질은 기후의 영향을 크게 받아 매우 다양하게 나타나는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.217-225
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 동절기 시설원예 난방에너지 절감을 위해 방울토마토의 온도민감부인 생장부를 추종하면서 난방을 수행할 수 있는 국소난방 시스템을 개발하고자 하였다. 방울토마토 생장부 추종형 국소난방시스템은 온실하류로의 균일한 열분배를 위해 내/외부 덕트와 온풍난방기를 연결하는 이중덕트 분배장치, 정식 후 작물 유인에 따라 덕트를 토마토 줄기끝 생장점과 개화화방을 추종하여 상하로 이동시키기 위한 권취장치 등으로 구성되었다. 국소난방 시스템의 운용은 토마토 정식 직후에는 덕트를 작물 상부에 위치시키며 작물 생장에 따라 생장부 국소난방과 차광 회피를 위해 덕트를 상하로 이동시켰다. 방울토마토 수경재배 온실을 대상으로 생장부 국소난방구와 관행의 바닥덕트 난방구에 대해 난방성능과 작물생육 비교시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 생장부 국소난방구는 야간 난방시간에 작물 군락내 상부 기온이 하부에 비해 $0.9{\sim}2.0^{\circ}C$ 높으며, 바닥덕트 난방구에 비해 군락상부 기온은 $0.3{\sim}1.8^{\circ}C$ 높고, 하부 기온은 $1.4{\sim}1.8^{\circ}C$ 낮게 나타나 온도에 민감한 상부 생장부를 상대적 고온으로 관리하고, 군락하부는 상대적 저온으로 관리 가능하며, 관행 바닥덕트 난방구의 높이별 온도분포를 역전시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 토마토 군락에 대한 적외선 열화상 측정을 통해 정식 직후부터 줄기내림 유인재배기간에 걸쳐 생장부 국소난방구는 군락내에 높이별 엽온의 온도성층화를 형성하여 생장부 추종 국소난방이 가능함을 확인하였다. 난방방식별 작물생육 분석결과 초장을 제외한 나머지 항목은 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 수확량에서도 생장부 국소난방구가 초기 수량이 약간 우세하였으나 총 수확량은 동일한 수준으로 나타났다. 온풍난방비 경유소비량은 생장부 국소난방구가 군락의 높이별 최적 온도관리로 관행 바닥덕트 난방구에 비해 약 23.7% 절감되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 시스템은 길이 90m 온실에 대한 적용시험에서 열분배 성능의 한계로 온실 상/하류간 온도편차가 발생하였으며, 시스템 개선을 위해 내부덕트의 직경 또는 두께 상향, 열복사 억제 재질의 덕트 사용 등 열분배 성능 최적화를 위한 추가연구가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.