• 한국농공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.37-46
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• 1999

Field experimnet of constructed wetland for rural wastewater treatment was performed from July 1998 to April 1999 including winter to examine the seasonal effect on the wetland performance. The system worked without freezing even under $-10^{\circ}C$ of air temperature as long as watewater was flowing. BOD removal rates varied in similar pattern as the air temperature, and winter performance was relatively lower than that in the growing season. However, removing performance during winter was still significant, and BOD removal rates were almost the the same as in the growing season. SS removal rate was relativelyless affected by temmperature, but lower decay rate during the winter can result in accumulation of the SS in the system, which releases constituents in the next spring and can affect whole system performance. The winter removal rates of nutrients like T-N and T-P were decreased about half compared to the growing season and low temperature. To maintain stabilized wetland performanced including winter time, supplying minimum heating for plants could be an alternative in field application. Experimental data was compared with NADB(North Americal Wetlands for Water Quality treatment database), and general performance of the system was within the reasonable range. The pollutant loading and effluent concentration of the experimented system were in high margin. Base on the experiment and databases, the required effluent water quality could be achieved if loading rate adjusted as ilulstrated in the database.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2011

과거부터 현재까지 한반도의 온난화는 전 지구적 온난화에 비하여 심하였으며, 미래에도 더욱 심할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 기후변화에 따른 온도상승은 보통 벼 수량을 감소시키고 품질 저하를 야기하는데, 이 양상은 벼 생육기간 및 그에 따른 생육온도에 크게 영향을 받으며, 벼 생육기간 및 생육온도 또한 이앙 및 파종시기와 같은 재배시기에 조정에 의해 크게 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구는 미래 기후변화 및 그에 따른 재배시기 조정 여부가 현재 우리나라 벼 품종의 생태형별 생육기간과 생육온도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 수행하였으며, 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 생육모델 ORYZA2000을 이용하여 오대벼, 일품벼, 화성벼의 파종부터 출수기까지의 생육기간을 예측하였을 때 예측값이 관측값의 약 84% 설명할 수 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 예측오차 중 상당부분은 작물모형 자체의 문제보다는 육묘기 생육온도에 대한 정보부재 또는 불확실성 때문이며, 예측값과 관측값의 회귀직선과 1:1선 거의 일치하기 때문에 미래 기후변화 조건에서의 벼 생육기간 변화를 예측하는데 큰 문제가 없을 것으로 판단되었다. 2. 조생종은 전체 57개 지역 중 55개, 중생종은 51개, 중 만생종은 40개 지역에서 최적파종기가 설정되었는데, 전체적으로 최적파종기는 생육기간이 짧은 조생종에서 비교적 늦고, 생육기간이 긴 중만생종에서 빠른 경향이었으며, 벼 생태형에 관계없이 지구온난화가 진전될수록 최적파종기가 늦어지는 경향이었다. 3. 재배시기를 고정하였을 경우 지구온난화가 진전되면서 벼 출수기와 그에 따른 출수전 생육일수가 빨라졌는데, 조 중생종에 비해 중만생종의 생육기간이 크게 단축되는 경향이었고, 출수후 생육기간은 벼 생태형간 차이 없이 10일 정도 단축되었으며, 출수전에 비해 출수후 생육기간 단축 정도가 컸다. 4. 최적파종기를 기준으로 벼 재배시기를 조정하였을 경우 지구온난화가 진전되면서 출수기는 늦어졌으며, 출수후 생육기간 및 생육온도는 변화가 없었다. 재배시기를 고정하였을 때에 비해 출수전 생육온도는 크게 상승하였고, 생육기간은 크게 단축되었는데, 조 중만 생종에 비해 중만생종에서 그 경향이 심하였으며, 생육온도에 비해 생육기간 변화의 지역간 편차가 크게 나타났다. 5. 결론적으로 지구온난화가 진점됨에 따라 벼 생육온도가 상승하고 생육기간이 단축되어 벼 수량성 및 품질저하가 우려 되었는데, 특히 생육기간 단축이 큰 중만 생종의 피해가 클 것으로 예상되었으며, 기후변화에 따른 재배시기 조정은 벼 수량성 및 품질 결정에 영향력이 큰 등숙기간의 온도환경을 개선할 수 있지만 출수전 생육기간이 크게 단축되어 여전히 벼 수량성 감소를 경감시키는데 한계가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 미래 기후변화에 대응하여 더욱 적극적인 재배기술과 품종개발이 요구된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.939-950
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• 2023

This study was conducted to assess the impact of growing condition variables on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) productivity. A total of 197 alfalfa yield results were acquired from the alfalfa field trials conducted by the South Korean National Agricultural Cooperative Federation or Rural Development Administration between 1983 and 2008. The corresponding climate and soil data were collected from the database of the Korean Meteorological Administration. Twenty-three growing condition variables were developed as explaining variables for alfalfa forage biomass production. Among them, twelve variables were chosen based on the significance of the partial-correlation coefficients or potential agricultural values. The selected partial correlation coefficients between the variables and alfalfa forage biomass ranged from -0.021 to 0.696. The influence of the selected twelve variables on yearly alfalfa production was summarized into three dominant factors through factor analysis. Along with the accumulated temperature variables, the loading scores of the daily mean temperature higher than 25℃ were over 0.88 in factor 1. The sunshine duration at temperature between 0℃-25℃ was 0.939 in factor 2. Precipitation days were 0.82, which was the greatest in factor 3. Stepwise regression applied with the three dominant factors resulted in the coefficients of factors 1, 2, and 3 for 0.633, 0.485, and 0.115, respectively, and the R-square of the model was 0.602. The environmental conditions limiting alfalfa growth, such as daily temperature higher than 25℃ or daily mean temperature affected annual alfalfa production most substantially among the growing condition variables. Therefore, future cultivar selection should consider the capability of alfalfa to be tolerant to extreme summer weather along with biomass production potential.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 1999

Paddy rice is semi-tropical crop and requires warmirrigation water. If mean water temperature at the water source during the growing period is below 18$^{\circ}C$, sime kinds of water warming mechanism should be taken. In this study irrigation water temperature is measured and preventive measures to cold water damage on paddy rice are suggested. Field observations were performed at 100ha field area downtream of the Unmoon reservoir during the growing season of 1997. Land use, canal system, water temperature at irrigation canals. reservoir, and paddy fields were observed. In addition, growth and yield of the rice at selected plots were observed. Accordingly to the record, cold water damage occurred in this area due to the cold irrigation water supply in 1996. It did not occur because of the effective irrigation water management practice in 1997. However, several preventive measures such as pontoon intake system, using existing weir and construting a new warming pond, are suggested to prevent cold water damage in the future. If a new warming pond is construted to raise irrigation water temperature by 2 $^{\circ}C$, a pond area of 2.94 ha is required.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 1978

To examine the effects of P.E. film and rice straw mulching on fall grown potato(Shimabara cultivar) in the middle region of Korea, sprouted seed tuber pieces were transplanted with six kinds of mulching treatments on 24th July and harvested on 25th October. P.E. film mulching from transplanting resulted the perfect rot of transplanted seed pieces due to the excessive high soil temperature (noon soil temperature of about 4$0^{\circ}C$ continued until the middle of August). P.E. film mulching from 15th September to harvest increased the marketable tuber yields by 35% due to the raising of soil temperature by 1-3$^{\circ}C$ and maintaining of available soil moisture in dry season. Rice straw (whole or cut in 10cm length) mulching lowered the soil temperature in hot season and raised it in cool season and maintained available soil moisture in dry season. Therefore better emergence, growth and yields were induced. Effects of whole straw, whole growing season and thicker mulching were greater than cut straw, half growing season and thinner mulching. 6cm mulching of whole or cut straw during whole growing season resulted the increasing of marketable tuber yields by 56 or 48%.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.192-195
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: The growing season (GS) has been understood as a useful indicator for climate change due to high relationship with increasing temperature. Hear this study was conducted to examine changes in the thermal GS over South Korea from 1970 to 2013 based on daily mean air temperature for assessing the temporal and spatial variability in GS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three GS parameters (starting date, ending date, and length) were determined at 19 stations throughout South Korea. The results show that the GS has been extended by 4.2 days/decade between 1970 and 2013 on average. The growing season start (GSS) has been advanced by 2.7 days/decade and the growing season end (GSE) has been delayed by 1.4 day/decade. Spatial variation in the GS parameters in Korea are shown. The GS parameters, especially GSS, of southeastern part of Korea have been changed more than that of northwestern part of Korea. The extension of GS may be more influenced on earlier onset in spring rather than later GSE. CONCLUSION: Under climate change scenarios, the GS will be more extended due to delayed GSE as well as advanced GSS. And These are more notable in the northeastern part of Korea.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2000

표고버섯은 담자균류 송이과에 속하는 식용 버섯으로, 영양 성분 및 약리적 효능이 높기 때문에 동양인에게 중요한 버섯이며, 점차로 생산량과 소비량이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는, 고품질 표고버섯 생산시기의 기상자료를 분석하여 표고버섯의 품질에 영향을 주는 생육 환경요인을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 1997~1998년 국내 고품질 표고버섯이 생산되는 지역중 3지역(부여, 원주, 장흥)을 선정하였다. 표고버섯의 다량 발생시기 20일 기준으로 기상분석시기 15일을 선정하였다. 환경요인으로는 발생시기의 일 온도차, 일습도차, 일평균온도, 일 평균습도 및 풍속을 분석하였다. 발생기간중의 일 평균온도는 버섯 발생 온도 하한치인 $7^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 적정온도 $20^{\circ}C$까지의 변화를 보였고, 일 온도차는 주간에는 $7~20^{\circ}C$, 야간에 $0~-2^{\circ}C$의 범위를 나타냈다. 일평균습도 50~70%으로 강우에 따라서 변화 폭이 컸으며, 일습도차는 40~60%의 차를 나타냈다. 풍속은 1~4m.$s^{-1}$이었다 .따라서 화고, 동고의 생육환경은 일반적인 표고버섯의 적정 생육 조건과는 큰 차이를 보였다. 생육기간동안의 일 온도차, 일습도차, 저 습도, 풍속 등의 환경 조건은 고품질 표고버섯 발생의 요인의 하나라고 추정된다. 이 연구결과는 버섯의 시설재배시 고품질 표고버섯 생산을 위한 환경조절기술로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1999년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.107-114
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• 1999

The large-scale distribution of crops Is usually determined by climate. We present the results of a climate-crop prediction based on spatial bio-physical process model approach, implemented in a GIS (Geographic Information System) environment using several regional and global agriculture-environmental databases. The model utilizes daily climate data like temperature, rainfall, solar radiation being generated stocastically by in-built model weather generator to determine the daily biomass and finally the crop yield. Crops are characterized by their specific growing period requirements, photosynthesis, respiration properties and harvesting index properties. Temperature and radiation during the growing period controls the development of each crop. The model simulates geographic/spatial distribution of climate by which a crop-growing belt can also be determined. The model takes both irrigated and non-irrigated area crop productivity into account and the potential increase in productivity by the technical means like mechanization is not considered. All the management input given at the base year 1995 was kept same for the next twenty-year changes until 2015. The simulated distributions of crops under current climatic conditions coincide largely with the current agricultural or specific crop growing regions. Simulation with assumed weather generated derived climate change scenario illustrate changes in the agricultural potential. There are large regional differences in the response across the country. The north-south and east-west regions responded differently with projected climate changes with increased and decreased productivity depending upon the crops and scenarios separately. When water was limiting or facilitating as non-irrigated and irrigated area crop-production effects of temperature rise and higher $CO_2$ levels were different depending on the crops and accordingly their production. Rise in temperature led to yield reduction in case of maize and rice whereas a gain was observed for wheat crop, doubled $CO_2$ concentration enhanced yield for all crops and their several combinations behaved differently with increase or decrease in yields. Finally, with this spatial modeling approach we succeeded in quantifying the crop productivity which may bring regional disparities under the different climatic scenarios where one region may become better off and the other may go worse off.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.681-687
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• 2015

We investigated the effects of feeding rate on the growth performance of growing and sub-adult olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, and the optimum feeding rate at high water temperature (25-31℃). In experiment I, two replicated groups of fish (113 g) were fed a commercial diet (CD) at rates of 0, 0.7, 1.2, 1.7, 2.2, and 2.4% (satiation) body weight (BW) per day for 4 weeks. In experiment II, two replicated groups of fish (313 g) were fed a CD feeding rates of 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0% (satiation) BW per day for 4 weeks. In experiment I, the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed at 0.7 and 0.9% BW per day was significantly higher than that of unfed fish (0%) and fish fed at 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0% (satiation) BW per day. In experiment II, the WG and SGR increased significantly as feeding rate increased from 0 to 2.2% BW per day, but decreased in the satiation group (2.4%). Broken-line regression analysis of WG showed that the optimum feeding rate of growing and sub-adult olive flounder were 1.98% and 0.55% BW per day, respectively, at the high water temperature.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1998년도 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH KACG TECHNICAL MEETING-PACIFIC RIM 3 SATELLITE SYMPOSIUM SESSION 4, HOTEL HYUNDAI, KYONGJU, SEPTEMBER 20-23, 1998
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• pp.9-13
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• 1998

Large vacuum Bridgman-Stockbarger (BS) equipments was composed for growing large diameter CaF2 crystals. The CaF2 crystal of 4.5-inch was grown under the conditions of freezing temperature gradient of 12$^{\circ}C$/cm and growing rate of 3mm/hr. Also the 6-inch crystal was grown by using thermal stabilization method under freezing temperature gradient of 14$^{\circ}C$/cm and growing rate of 2mm/hr. The dislocation density was characterized for evaluating the quality of crystals. And the optical properties such as transmittance, refractive index and fluorescence were analyzed in order to investigate on the applications of optical components.