• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.480-487
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• 1997

The present study was designed to examine how Ca intake contributes to the increase of peak bone mass with growing female rats. Weaned rats were fed experimental diets consisting in five levels of Ca; very low(0.1%), low(0.2%), moderate(0.5%), high(1.0%) and very high(1.5%) for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Bone growth, metabolism and Ca metabolism were determined. As for the rats fed for 4 weeks, the bone weight, length and breaking force and bone metabolism were not significantly affected by dietary Ca levels, whereas the current intakes of Ca were observed to have significantly affected the rats fed for 8 or 12 weeks with regard to the bone weight, length and breaking force and bone metabolism. The bone ash and Ca contents of the rats were affected by dietary Ca levels for the total period of feeding. It is suggested that dietary Ca itself affected the mineralization process either during the growth or later, although the resulting bone mass is not a linear function of dietary Ca content.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2008

성장기 암컷 쥐를 대상으로 이소플라본 섭취수준에 따라 골대사 지표 및 골대사 관련 호르몬에 미치는 영향을 알아 보기 위해 실시한 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 체중증가량과 식이섭취량, 식이효율은 이소플라본의 섭취수준에 따라 실험군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 2) 골형성 지표인 혈청 ALP, osteocalcin은 이소플라본 섭취수준에 따라 실험군간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 3) 골흡수 지표인 DPD crosslink value도 이소플라본 섭취수준에 따라 실험군간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 4) 혈청 에스트로겐 농도, 부갑상선 호르몬과 인슐린유사 성장인자-I 농도는 이소플라본 섭취수준에 따라 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 5) 칼시토닌농도는 1IF군과 1/2IF군 보다 1IF군이 골형성과 골흡수에 유리한 경향을 나타내었고 칼시토닌과 성장호르몬이 유의적으로 증가하여 장기적으로는 골대사에 더 유리한 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2006

A recent study reported that a diet rich in isoflavones is beneficial for bone formation in growing rats. It therefore seemed desirable to find out whether the beneficial effect of isoflavones in ovariectomized rats could also be reproduced with same amount of isoflavones which used for growing rats. To study the effect of isoflavones, an equal amount of isoflavones which used for growing rats, on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in ovariectmized rats were performed. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight $210{\pm}5g$) were divided into two groups, ovariectomy and sham groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed casein and casein supplemented with isoflavones diets for 9 weeks after operation. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin) in spine and femur. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and osteocalcin and urinary DPD crosslinks value were measured as markers of bone formation and resorption. The results of this study indicate that body weight gain and food intake were higher in ovariectomy groups than in sham groups regardless of diets. Serum Ca concentration was lower in ovariectomy groups than in SHAM groups. Serum ALP, osteocalcin, and crosslink value were increased in ovariectomy groups. Spine BMD/weight, femur BMD/weight, and femur BMC/weight of ovariectomy groups were significantly lower than SHAM groups after 9 weeks. However, isoflavones supplemented group in ovariectomy groups, serum ALP and osteocalcin concentrations, spine BMD/weight and spine BMC, femur BMD/weight and femur BMC/weight were significantly increased after 9 weeks. In conclusion, the beneficial effect of isoflavones on bone in ovareiectomized rats was shown on 9 weeks after feeding with an equal amount of isoflavones supplementation which used for growing rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.532-540
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• 2001

This study explored the effect of calcium levels and/or ovariectomy on bone composition and its related factors using the female Sprague-Dawley rats which achieved peak bone mass in normal(0.5%) calcium intake during growth period. The rats were randomly divided into six groups and fed 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5% calcium diets for 8 weeks after ovariectomized and sham operation. The results indicated that body weight gain was higher in ovariectomized groups than sham groups, regardless of dietary calcium levels and food intakes. Serum Ca and P concentrations were normal level regardless of dietary calcium levels and operation. Estrogen concentration was decreased in ovariectomized rat groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity and urinary hydroxyproline were increased in ovariectomized groups. When rats were fed normal Ca diet during growing period, weight, length and breaking force of femur were not significantly different in all groups but increased the same level. Generally, lipid contents in lumbar and femur were lower in low calcium groups and this effect was more pronounced in femur. In case of femur, the significant decrease in Ca contents of bone was observed in a relatively short period of feeding low Ca diet, even though it appeared th desirable peak bone mass had achieved through the growing period by supplementing the adequate amount of calcium. The marked decrease of estrogen levels after ovariectomy did not seem to influence greatly bone parameters measured except bone wet weight. Therefore, this study indicated that lower intake of Ca might be more important determinating factor against osteoporosis than postmenopausal state stimulated by ovariectomy in female rats. With normal or high intake of Ca it appears possible to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal period, and this might apply only in case of achieving peak bone mass in the growing with the adequate intake of calcium. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 532∼540, 2001)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.273-283
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• 1983

흰쥐와 흰생쥐 암 수 각 30마리씩에 대한 실험개시기와 종료후의 결과로서 나타난 식이에 대한 사양실험, 대사실험, 혈액성분분석 실시 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 증체량은 흰쥐 암 수 모두 동물성단백질 배합비율이 높아질수록 증가했다. 흰생쥐는 숫생쥐가 C식이에서 최대를, E식이에서 최저를 나타냈으나 암생쥐는 반대였다. 2. 식이효율은 흰쥐 암 수 모두 동물성 단백질 배합비율이 높아질수록 증가했으며 암쥐보다 숫쥐에서 높았다. 흰생쥐는 숫생쥐가 증체량과 같은 경향이었으나 암생쥐는 일정경향이 없었다. 암생쥐보다 숫생쥐의 식이효율이 높았다. 3. 단백질효율은 흰쥐 암 수 모두 동물성단백질 배합비율이 높아질수록 증가했다. 흰생쥐는 숫생쥐의 증체량, 식이효율은 같은 경향이나 암생쥐는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 4. 질소보유율은 흰쥐 암 수 모두 단백질수준이 같을때 섭취질소량에 비례함을 보였다. 흰생쥐는 숫생쥐가 동물성 배합비율이 높아질때 증가하였다. 암생쥐는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 질소축적율은 흰생쥐에서 높게 나타나 체내 단백질이용이 흰쥐보다 높음을 알 수 있었다. 5. 혈청성분에서는 혈청 총단백질량은 흰쥐 암 수 모두 차이가 없으나 동물성단백질 배합비율이높아질수록 증가하는 경향이었다. 흰생쥐는 암 수 모두 일정한 경향이 없었다. 혈청요소질소량은 흰쥐의 경우 암 수 모두 식물성단백질 배합비율이 높아질수록 증가했다. 흰생쥐는 알정한 경향이 없었다. 혈청콜레스테롤량은 흰쥐 암 수 모두 단백질배합비율에 관계없이 일정한 경향이 없었다. 흰생쥐는 숫생쥐가 식물성단백질 배합비율이 높아질수록 증가했으나 암생쥐는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 6. 위의 결과로 실험식이중의 동물성단백질 배합비율이 높은 A, B식이에서 흰쥐는 증체량, 사료효율, 단백질효율이 좋았다. 흰생쥐는 숫생쥐가 C식이, 암생쥐가 E식이에서 높게 나타났다. 이는 생쥐의 증체량이 이유에서부터 성숙기까지 큰 차이가 없다는 것과 흰쥐와는 다른 단백질수준이 요구된다고 생각된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한지역사회영양학회 2005년도 10th Anniversary International Symposium
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• pp.86-86
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• 2005

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.264-272
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• 1983

실험식이의 에너지수준은 저에너지(3,200kcal/kg) 중에너지(3,600kcal/kg), 고에너지(4,000kcal/kg)로 달리했으며, 저단백질(15%), 중단백질(25%), 고단백질(35%)의 3수준으로 하고, 지방수준은 ME 3,600kcal/kg에 대해서 저지방(10%), 중지방(20%), 고지방(40%)의 3수준으로 정하고 나머지 에너지는 전분과 포도당으로 보충한 9종의 식이에 대한 대사실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 고형물 조단백질 조지방, 탄수화물의 소화율은 저에너지 수준에서 중 고에너지 수준에서보다 훨씬 낮았으며, 중 고에너지 수준사이에 큰 차이가 없었다. 단백질 수준이 높아질수록 고형물과 탄수화물의 소화율은 약간씩 감소되는 경향이었으며, 단백질의 소화율은 증가되는 경향이었다. 조지방의 소화율은 식이 단백질의 영향을 받지 않았으나 에너지 수준이 높을 때 즉 식이에 포함된 지방함량이 높을 때 증가되었으며 암수 모두 같은 경향을 보였다. 각 영양소의 소화율은 고형물 약 83%, 조단백질 90%, 조지방 96%, 탄수화물 93%로서 단백질과 에너지 수준에 따라 거의 차이가 없었으며 암수 간에는 차이가 없었다. 2. 질소 축적율은 암수 모두 식이 단백질 수준이 증가할수록 감소되는 반면 식이 에너지 수준이 증가할수록 증가되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 단백질 수준은 NRC 사양 표준치에서, 에너지 수준은 그 이상에서 암수 모두 질소 축적율이 가장 높았다. 3. 에너지 이용율은 암쥐의 경우 식이 단백질 수준이 증가할수록 감소되었으며 식이 에너지 수준이 증가할수록 증가되었다. 숫쥐의 경우 식이 단백질 수준이 증가함에 따라 감소되었으나, 암쥐와는 달리 중에너지 수준에서 가장 높았다. 즉 단백질 수준은 암수 모두 NRC 사양 표준치에서 에너지 대사율이 가장 높았으나 에너지 수준은 암쥐의 경우 NRC 사양 표준치 이상에서, 숫쥐의 경우 NRC 사양 표준치에서 각각 가장 높았다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.271-280
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of periodic walking during hindlimb suspension on the mass, relative weight, fiber type distribution and cross-sectional area of Type I and II fibers in the developing Type II plantaris muscle. To examine the effectiveness of periodic walking on mass and fiber size, the hindlimbs of young female Wistar rats were suspended (HS group) and half of these rats walked on a treadmill for 45 min／day(15 min every 4 hours) at 5 meters／min at a 15 degree grade(HS-W group) After seven days of hindlimb suspension, the plantaris muscle wet weight was 28.40％ significantly smaller（P＜0.005） and relative plantaris muscle weight was 26.97％ smaller compared with those of control rats（P＜0.05）. The plantaris muscle wet weight and the relative plantaris muscle weight increased by 46.60％ and 49.23％ respectively with periodic walking, moreover. the plantaris muscle wet weight and the relative plantaris muscle weight of the HS-W rats recovered to the level of the control rats. No change was observed in fiber type percentage of the developing plantaris muscle following one week of hindlimb suspension or periodic walking during hindlimb suspension. Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing plantaris muscle were 42.51％ and 43. 68％ lower in the HS group than in the control group（p＜0.0001）, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing plantaris were 30.82％ and 45.97％ greater in the HS-W group than in the HS group（p＜0.0001）, whereas Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of HS-W group were less than those of the control group（P＜0.0001） The results suggest that periodic walking can attenuate developing plantaris muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 1986

The purpose of the study is to note the effects of the resection of the lateral pterygoid muscle on the mandibular growth in the growing rats. Twenty four female Wistar rats were used in the experiment. They were divided into three groups: group 1 ; bilateral sham operation group 2 ; bilateral resenction of the lateral pterygoid muscle group 3 ; unilateral resection of the lateral pterygoid muscle (The right lateral pterygoid muscle was resected and the left one was sham-operated.) Groups 1&2 were sacrificed eight weeks lateral and group 3, four weeks later. All specimens were measured with calipers, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Groups 1 & 2 were compared with each other. In group 3, the right side was compared with the left. The results were as follows: 1. In the growing rats, the resection of the lateral pterygoid muscle was followed by a decrease of the mandibular growth. After eight weeks, the condyle-mental foramen distance, the angular process-mental foramen distance, the size of the condylar head, the supradentale-first molar distance, and the diameter of the symphysis were significantly smaller than the control. 2. Resection of the lateral pterygoid muscle resulted in decrease of the thickness of the cartilage layer and the prechondroblastic-chondroblastic layer after four weeks. 3. After eight weeks, group 1 and group 2 were not different significantly in the histologic sections. 4. The condylar cartilage was stabilized eight weeks after the experiment.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.292-298
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• 2006

Modification of the diet during childhood and adolescence may be an effective strategy for maximizing the peak bone mass. Many supplementation studies have suggested a positive effect of the increased vitamin D intake on the bone mineral status in the elderly. However to date all studies have been conducted on old men and postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the bone mineral density and bone mineral content in growing rats. Twenty Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into two groups; Control, and vitamin D supplementation. The bone mineral density(BMD) and bone mineral content(BMC) were measured using PIXImus in the spine and femur. Vitamin D supplementation did not affect the level of weight gain, mean food intake and food efficiency ratio. In addition, vitamin D supplementation had no added effect on the spine and femur BMD, and BMC. There were no significant differences in the spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight between the groups, but the spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight was 11 % higher in the vitamin D supplementation group. The femur BMD/weight and femur BMC/weight were significantly higher in the vitamin D supplementation group 9 weeks after the experiment. These results provide evidence of the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on the BMD during the growth period.