• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2000

This study is intended to investigate medication compliance and polypharmacy of the diabetic patients by age group in order to determine the major factors that influence their compliance. 198 ambulatory diabetic patients were interviewed, and the sample was divided into three groups based on the age: Young age group under 55, Borderline age group between 55 - 65, Old age group over 65. According to the study results, medication compliance for the old age group was 72.6% whereas 85.1% for the young age group. Medication compliance significantly decreased as the age of the patients increased. Also the degree of polypharmacy, the rate which patients take more than 6 prescription drugs, was 45.9% for the old group, whereas 31.2% for the young group. As the most important factor of polypharmacy, the number of doctors was statistically significant. With regard to prescription factors related to medication compliance, the amount of prescribed medication is statistically significant between the compliance group and non-compliance group. In addition, the amount of information provided to patients by pharmacists was determined to be a very significant factor. Also the level of ease in understanding the medication instructions varied significantly between the compliance group and the non-compliance group. In light of the empirical data and results for the diabetic patients, it is necessary to develop and implement various programs to improve medication compliance and to decrease the level of polypharmacy among the elderly, or "old", diabetic patients. patients.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2022

Purpose : The study aimed to examine gender-differences in muscle tone, elasticity, and stiffness of the erector spinae in young and old subjects. This study also aimed to assess the effect of aging on muscle tone, elasticity, and stiffness of the erector spinae in men and women, and compare the trend of the aging effect between the two gender groups. Methods : With the muscle in the relaxed state and subjects in the prone position, a myotonometer was used to quantify muscle tone, elasticity, and stiffness, of the erector spinae in 102 participants[46 males (29 young subjects, aged 22.48±2.23 years and 17 old subjects, aged 76.35±3.71 years), 56 females (40 young subjects, aged 20.38±1.43 years and 16 old subjects, aged 74.56±5.40 years)]. Results : The tone and stiffness of the erector spinae muscles were greater in men than in women for both age groups (p<.001-.01), while elasticity did not show a significant difference between men and women. For the direction of change, both male and female groups showed significantly increased tone and stiffness, and decreased elasticity with increasing age (p<.001). For age-related changes, a different tendency was observed between men and women. Men showed a greater increase in tone than women with aging. in contrast, both men and women exhibited a similar decrease or increase in elasticity and stiffness. Conclusion : Gender-differences in the erector spinae in terms of muscle tone and stiffness were observed. Regardless of the age, men had higher muscle tone and stiffness than women, but not elasticity. The erector spinae muscles showed age-related changes in all aspects of muscle tone, elasticity, and stiffness, in both men and women. Notably, men presented greater variation than women in the amount of increase of muscle tone with aging. These findings have implications for musculoskeletal therapeutic approaches, and gender-customized tuning may be indicated for designing exercise interventions to prevent and manage gender-sensitive muscular injuries or diseases and frailty.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.843-849
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effect of n-3 fatty acids and dietary protein levels on renal function. Fifteen-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 diet groups. Two-month old rats were used as a control group. The experimental diets contained either a% or 25% casein and lipid levels of the diets were 20% by weight. For the control group, the lipid was composed of beef tallow and corn oil on a 1:1 basis, and fish oil was comprised 75% of the fat mixture for the fish oil group. Rats were fed the diets ad libitum for 8 weeks. GFR and urinary protein excretion were higher in high protein groups, while fish oil exhibited no effects. Renal medulla TXB$_2$and PGE$_2$ concentrations tended to be higher in high protein groups and lower in fish oil groups. Light microscopic examinations showed that glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, tubular cast, interstitial inflammation and interstitial fibrosis fended to be higher in aged rats and in high protein groups and lower in fish oil groups. Serum levels of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol were higher in aged rats and lower in fish oil groups while serum HDL-cholesterol level was higher in young rats and in fish oil groups. However, dietary protein level had no effect on serum lipid levels. Serum TBARS concentration was higher in aged rats and in fish oil groups. In conclusion, fish oil caused changes in serum lipid concentrations and eicosanoids metabolism. The effect of fish oil on renal function was less obvious than dietary protein. However, fish oil seemed to be effective in lessening deterioration of renal function due to aging and/or high protein diets through changes in lipid and eicosanoids metabolism.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine inter-and intra-rater reliabilities of myotonometric measurements of tone, elasticity and stiffness for the erector spinae muscles of the young and the elderly populations. Methods : A total of 102 (69 young adults from K university and 33 older adults from the D community center in Daejeon) were enrolled in this study. The two different raters measured each side of the erector spinae muscles at prone position. After each rater performed first measurement for a subject, 30 minutes of rest was given. The same rater then repeated the second myometric measurement on the subject. The collected data on the tone, elasticity, and stiffness of the erector spinae were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine inter- and intra- rater reliabilities. Results : The inter-and intra-rater reliabilities of the myotonometric measurement of the erector spinae for the total subjects were excellent (ICC > 0.9, p < 0.001). Within each of the elderly group and the young group, inter- and intra-rater reliabilities were also excellent (ICC > 0.8~0.9 / p < 0.001, ICC > 0.75~0.9 / p < 0.001, each). Conclusion : The measurement of muscle tone, elasticity, and stiffness for the erector spinae muscles using the myotonometer had excellent reliability. It was confirmed that a highly reliable myometric measurement on the erector spinae can be obtained regardless of whether it is from young or elderly people. This suggests that the myotonometer can be a useful tool to measure muscular properties of the erector spinae of the young and old as an evaluative instrument.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2018

Alterations in sulfur amino acid metabolism are associated with an increased risk of a number of common late-life diseases, which raises the possibility that metabolism of sulfur amino acids may change with age. The present study was conducted to understand the age-related changes in hepatic metabolism of sulfur amino acids in 2-, 6-, 18- and 30-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. For this purpose, metabolite profiling of sulfur amino acids from methionine to taurine or glutathione (GSH) was performed. The levels of sulfur amino acids and their metabolites were not significantly different among 2-, 6- and 18-month-old mice, except for plasma GSH and hepatic homocysteine. Plasma total GSH and hepatic total homocysteine levels were significantly higher in 2-month-old mice than those in the other age groups. In contrast, 30-month-old mice exhibited increased hepatic methionine and cysteine, compared with all other groups, but decreased hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine and homocysteine, relative to 2-month-old mice. No differences in hepatic reduced GSH, GSH disulfide, or taurine were observed. The hepatic changes in homocysteine and cysteine may be attributed to upregulation of cystathionine ${\beta}-synthase$ and down-regulation of ${\gamma}-glutamylcysteine$ ligase in the aged mice. The elevation of hepatic cysteine levels may be involved in the maintenance of hepatic GSH levels. The opposite changes of methionine and SAM suggest that the regulatory role of SAM in hepatic sulfur amino acid metabolism may be impaired in 30-month-old mice.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

Although HDACIs affect ubiquitously expressed histone deacetylase and increase cellular senescence, there has been little study on the effect of age on treatment with HDACIs. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to compare cellular senescence status and vorinostat-induced senescence in fibroblasts derived from aged dogs compared to young dogs. Skin tissues were taken from young (1-year-old) and aged (7-year-old) male dogs, and fibroblasts were cultured without (control) or with 10 uM of vorinostat for 24 hr. Beta-galactosidase activity was assessed, and real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to analyze the expression levels of transcripts and proteins related to cellular senescence. Beta-galactosidase activity was higher in aged dogs compared to young dogs in the control group, and was increased by vorinostat treatment. Expression of p21, p53 and p16 transcripts was higher in the aged than in the young group, and all transcripts were affected by vorinostat in both young and aged groups. Western blot results showed lower H3K9 acetylation in the aged dogs compared to the young dogs, and the acetylation was increased by vorinostat treatment in both groups. However, there was no significant difference between the transcript or protein alterations induced by vorinostat.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.4061-4063
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• 2015

Background: To evaluate pathological features of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to compare these pathological features in patients younger and older than 40 years. Materials and Methods: All resection specimens of HNSCC between 2010 and 2013 evaluated. Tumor characteristics - grade, location (site) cervical node status, alongwith presence or absence of extranodal extension, lymphovascular invasion, gender and age - were extracted from surgical pathology reports. Results: Among these n=19 patients (21.8%) were 40 years or younger and n=68 patients (78.2%) were above 40 years of age. The mean age was 34 (20-40 years) in the younger group and 56 (42-86) in the older group. The most common location of HNSCC in both groups was the oral cavity. The analysis of histopathological features including grade of tumor, tumor size, extranodal extension and comparison between two groups do not show any significant difference. Conclusions: There are no specific pathological characteristics of HNSCC in young patients. An interesting observation is that exposure to expected risk factors is similar in both groups, in younger patients they have less time to act and yet tumors are the same in terms of tumor size, lymph node status and lymphovascular invasion. Therefore further research is recommended to look for potentiating factors.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.141-156
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• 2023

Background: As the population rapidly ages, older adults are increasingly likely to experience mobility problems. This study aims to explore the characteristics related to an elderly person's willingness to live in a nursing home if they have mobility problems Methods: This study analyzed data from 9,917 older adults (5,976 young-old and 3,941 old-old) obtained from the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans. The dependent variable was the intended place of residence for older adults with mobility problems. Independent variables included various characteristics: (1) sociodemographic and social support, (2) health and functional status, and (3) residential environment. Rao-Scott chi-square tests and survey logistic regression analyses were performed for the young-old and old-old, respectively. Results: The intention to live in a nursing home was significantly different between the young-old (30.4%) and the old-old (34.7%) (p=0.009). According to fully adjusted multivariable analyses, for the young-old, the odds ratio of intending to live in a nursing home was significantly higher in social security benefit recipients (1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.97) compared to other individuals. The odds ratio was higher in unmarried (divorced, separated, widowed, or never-married) individuals for both young-old (1.41; 95% CI, 1.22-1.63) and old-old (1.34; 95% CI, 1.09-1.65) age groups, compared to their respective married counterparts. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that in an aging society, health and social policies should be designed considering the different characteristics of the elderly to improve their health, function, and quality of life.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2015

이 연구는 한국의 최저임금이 고용에 미치는 영향에 대해 시계열 자료를 이용하여 분석한 것이다. 이 연구에서는 최저임금에 직접적으로 영향을 받는 그룹을 청년층 남성(18-24세), 청년층 여성(18-22세), 노년층 남성(60세 이상), 노년층 여성(60세 이상)의 4개 그룹으로 나누어 최저임금 변화에 따른 고용 효과를 분석하였다. 이 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 단위근 측정결과 최저임금, 고용 등의 변수들은 불안정한 시계열로 나타났으며, 상호 간에 공적분관계도 발견되어 OLS나 VAR 추정보다는 VEC 등의 추정방법이 적절하다. 둘째, VEC 추정을 통한 분산분해 및 충격반응 분석 결과 최저임금인상은 고용에 미약하지만 장기적인 음(-)의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2007

목적: 약년자와 고령자에서 발생하는 위암의 차이점에 관한 연구는 이전부터 있어왔지만, 최근 한국인의 평균 수명이 연장되면서 이에 따른 약년자 군과 고령자 군을 새롭게 분류해야할 필요가 제기되었다. 약년자에서 발생하는 위암은 진단 시 간파되기 쉽고, 고령자 위암의 경우 동반질환으로 인해 수술 전후의 위험도를 증가시키는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 저자들은 약년자 군과 고령자 군에서 발생한 위암에서 각각의 임상병리학적 특성과 예후에 관하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 위암 환자를 나이에 따라 35세 이하의 약년자 군 31명과 75세 이상의 고령자 군 49명으로 분류하고 성비, 발생위치, 조직학적 분류, 병기, 수술방법, 평균생존율 등의 임상병리학적 특성을 비교하였다. 결과: 약년자 군에서 미분화 선암과 미만형의 발생률이 가장 높았으며, 고령자 군에서는 미분화와 중등도 분화 선암, 장형의 발생률이 가장 높은 것으로 관찰되었다. 그 외 두 군 간의 수술 방법의 차이나 술 후 합병증 및 수술 전후의 사망률 등의 의미있는 임상적 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한, 두 군 간의 생존율 차이도 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 약령자와 고령자 두 군 간에 임상병리학적이나 생존율의 차이를 보이지 않았고, 두 군 간 수술방법과 근치도에서 차이가 없는 수술이 시도된 결과 고령자 군에서 약년자 군에 비해 생존율 저하를 보이지 많았다. 따라서 고령 환자에서 발생한 위암의 치료 시 보다 적극적 수술 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.