• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.924-933
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• 1999

This study investigated the effects of vitamin E supplementation on immune responses and antioxidant status in healthy Korean old and young women. Blood samples were obtained from 15 healthy old women (over 60 years old) and from 15 healthy young women(20 years old) before and 4 weeks after vitamin E( tocopherol acetate) supplementation(400IU/day). Daily nutrient intakes were calculated, and plasma vitamin E concentration, numbers and percentages of white blood cell and their subpopulation, percentages of lymphocytes and subpopulation, NK cell percentages, plasma immunoglobulin A, G, M and C3 concentration, proliferation of PMN with mitogen were measured. Also plasma TBARS concentration and radical scavenger activity of erythrocytes were investigated. Plasma vitamin E concentrations were significantly increased after supplementation in both groups. In elderly women, vitamin E supplementation restored the per centages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils which had been out of normal ranges before supple mentation. And after vitamin E supplementation, helper T cell percentages significantly increased in elderly. Plasma immunoglobulin and complement C3 concentrations were not affected by vitamin E supplementation in both groups. PMN proliferations with mitogen were significantly lower in old women than in young women, and there was no effect of vitamin E supplementation. Vitamin E supplementation significantly decreased plasma TBARS concentrations in old and young women. RSA of erythrocytes was increased in both groups, but the statistical significant was only found in young women group. Therefore, these results suggest that the moderate vitamin E supplementation in old women improves immune responses, especially nonspecific immunity and cell mediated immunity, via protection of oxidant stress.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of clothing microclimates and the subjective sensations according to age, gender and clothing weight for $19^{\circ}C$ air temperature. This study was done to gain fundamental data related to saving heating energy and to improve health through wearing underwear (long johns) in lower indoor temperatures. The subjects were divided into four groups (6 young males, 5 young females, 6 old males, 6 old females), and our experiment consisted of three conditions; the first condition was wearing long underwear in $19^{\circ}C$ air (19CUW condition); the second condition was without wearing long underwear in $19^{\circ}C$ air (19C condition); and the third condition was without wearing underwear in $24^{\circ}C$ air (24C condition). The experiment showed that the clothing microclimate temperature and humidity was the lowest in the 19C condition and the highest in the 24C condition irrespective of age and gender. The clothing microclimate in the 19CUW condition was not significantly distinguishable from the other conditions. Clothing microclimate temperature and humidity when the subjects responded thermal comfort was $28\~34^{\circ}C$ and $15\~40\%$RH without any significant difference according to age and gender. For the thermal sensation, the 24C condition was regarded as the warmest environment by the four groups, and the next preference was the 19CUW condition (p<0.001). Young females and old males showed a tendency to feel colder than young males and old females. For the thermal sensation of hands and feet, the young groups felt the warmest in the 24C condition and the coolest in the 19 C condition (p<0.001). However, old males felt neutral for the foot thermal sensation without any significant difference between the three conditions. Old females felt neutral for both the hands and feet thermal sensations without any significant difference between the three conditions. Thermal preference was the highest in the 24C condition for the 4 groups. In the 19CUW condition, for the thermal preference, most young males and females responded 'No change'; on the other hand, mea of the old responded 'Warmer'(p<0.001). It was the 24C condition that the 4 subject groups felt the most thermally comfortable. In the 19CUW condition, over $80\%$ of responses of each group expressed satisfaction and in the 19C condition, over $80\%$ of responses of each group, except young females, expressed satisfaction. In conclusion, in view of the clothing microclimate and subjective sensations, the 24C condition was the condition that gave subjects the least cold stress and the best subjective preference. However, the 19C condition and the 19CUW condition was not such a cold stress as to give healthy subjects a thermal burden.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in skin temperature and thermal comfort of participants in a $19^\circ{C}$ room (the recommended room temperature in the winter) depending on age, sex and clothing weight. Subjects were divided into four groups (6 young males, 5 young females, 6 old males, 6 old females) and experimental trials consisted of three conditions: wearing underwear in a $19^\circ{C}$ room (19CUW), without underwear in a $19^\circ{C}$ room (19C), and without underwear in a $24^\circ{C}$ room (24C). The results indicated the following: 1) There were no significant differences in mean skin temperature based on age or sex, and the mean skin temperatures of the four groups were in the range of 32.4∼$34.0^\circ{C}$. 2) In the 19C condition, the skin temperatures of the hands and feet of old females were higher than those of the other three groups. 3) In terms of perceived thermal comfort, young females showed a tendency to feel the most uncomfortable. Both old and young groups agreed that the 24C condition was the most comfortable. 4) Relational coefficients between thermal comfort and skin temperatures were higher in the young group than in the old group. Furthermore, the perceived thermal comfort had a stronger relationship with mean skin temperatures than with local skin temperatures. 5) The mean skin temperatures of subjects who indicated they were 'comfortable' were in the range of 31∼$36^\circ{C}$ regardless of age or sex.

• 한국노년학
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.329-349
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 노년기 연령집단별로 사회활동 참여유형이 다른지와 연령집단별로 행복감에 미치는 사회활동 유형은 무엇인지를 조사하는 것이다. 한국고령화패널연구(KLoSA), 5차(2014) 자료를 활용하였으며 5차 시점에서 65세 이상이면서 자녀와 동거하지 않는 노인 3,273명을 대상으로 교차분석, 일원변량분석, 위계적 다중회귀분석(hierarchical multiple regression analysis)을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 경제활동 참여 비율은 연령대가 높아질수록 낮아졌으며, 여가활동은 연소노인이 중고령노인이나 초고령노인집단에 비해 참여수준이 높았다. 가족활동은 연소노인에 비해 중고령노인이나 초고령노인 집단에서 참여수준이 높았고, 그 외의 친목활동과 종교활동은 연령 집단 간 참여수준의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 연령집단별 행복감에 유의미한 영향을 주는 사회활동 유형을 회귀분석 한 결과, 연소노인 집단에서는 경제활동을 제외한 여가활동, 친목활동, 종교활동, 가족활동이 노인의 행복감에 정적으로 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으나, 중고령노인 집단에서는 친목활동과 가족활동이, 초고령집단에서는 가족활동만이 노인의 행복감에 정적으로 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구결과는 연령집단에 따라서 참여하는 사회활동 유형과 그 영향력이 달라질 수 있음을 입증하였다. 본 연구는 다양화되어가는 노인인구의 욕구를 경험적으로 검증하였다는데 그 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.200-204
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• 2002

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative prognosis of two age groups with gastric cancer in order to establish the proper treatment strategy in these groups of patients. Materials and Methods: Among patients with gastric cancer who underwent a gastrectomy between 1990 and 1996 at the Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University, the clinicopathological characteristics, including the postoperative survival, of patients younger than 40-years old were compared with those of patients over 69-years old. Results: During that period 1,125 gastric cancer patients underwent a gastrectomy. Among them, 111 patients ($9.9\%$) were less than 40-years old, and 96 patients ($8.5\%$) were over 69-years old. In the young group, 79 patients ($71.2\%$) had a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 59 patients from the elderly group ($61.5\%$) had a well- or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). Curative surgery was performed for 88 ($79.3\%$) patients in the young group and 78 ($81.3\%$) patients in the elderly group. This difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year survival rates between the young and the elderly ($66.3\%\;vs.\;47.2\%$) groups, but the 5-year survival rate of the young group was significantly higher than that of the elderly group after a curative resection ($83.2\%\;vs.\;53.3\%$; P<0.05). Also the 5-year survival rate of the elderly group was significantly higher than that of the young group after a non-curative resection ($20.4\%\;vs.\;4.6\%$; P<0.05). Conclusions: For young patients, more efforts are needed to detect gastric cancer in its early stages so that a curative surgery can be performed. However, for the elderly, surgical treatment is recommended at any stage because of the relatively high survival rate, even after non-curative surgery.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.104-117
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 제6기 (2013 ~ 2015년) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 전기노인 (65 ~ 74세)과 후기노인 (75세 이상)의 식생활 및 건강 특성을 식품안정성에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 전체 노인의 식품불안정성 비율은 10.6%였고, 전기노인과 후기노인에서는 각각 10.0%, 11.6%로 나타났다. 전기노인과 후기노인에서 공통적으로 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군에 비해 에너지, 지방으로부터의 에너지섭취비율, 리보플라빈, 니아신의 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮았고, 탄수화물로부터의 에너지섭취비율은 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 유의하게 높았다. 전기노인에서는 분석한 모든 영양소 (단백질, 비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 니아신, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 인, 철)에 대하여 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 부족하게 섭취하는 비율이 높았다. 반면 후기 노인에서는 단백질, 리보플라빈, 니아신, 인을 부족하게 섭취하는 비율이 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 유의하게 높았으나 비타민 A, 티아민, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 철에서는 식품안정성에 따라 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 식품불안정군뿐 아니라 식품안정군에서도 영양소 섭취 부족자 비율이 높게 나타났다. 전기노인과 후기노인에서 공통적으로 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 고기 생선 달걀 콩류와 과일류의 섭취 횟수가 유의적으로 낮았고, 전기노인에서는 곡류와 채소류, 후기노인에서는 유지 당류의 섭취 횟수에서도 식품안정성에 따라 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 전기노인과 후기노인 모두 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군에 비해 식사를 거르는 비율이 높은 경향을 보였다. 전기노인에서 아침, 점심, 저녁을, 후기노인에서는 아침과 저녁을 혼자서 식사하는 비율이 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 건강 특성에 대해서는 전기노인과 후기노인에서 공통적으로 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군에 비해 주관적 건강 상태가 '매우 나쁘다' 또는 '나쁘다'고 응답한 비율이 높았다. 또한 전기노인에서는 저작불편함을 느낀다고 응답한 비율이 식품불안정군에서 식품안정군보다 높게 나타났으나 후기노인에서는 식품안정성에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로, 두 연령집단에서 식품안정성에 따른 식생활 및 건강 특성은 다른 양상을 보였다. 이러한 차이는 전기노인에서 후기노인보다 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 따라서 향후 노인 대상 식품 및 영양지원 프로그램 설계 시 노인을 연령별로 세분화하고 식품안정성에 따라 다르게 나타난 양상을 고려할 필요가 있겠다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.89-108
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors influencing life satisfaction in widowhood among older females. Using the sixth Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS) supplementary survey data, a total sample of 1,471 women aged 65 or older whose spouse had died were selected, divided into 508 young-old (65-74), 745 middle-old (75-84), and 218 oldest-old (85+). Then, factors influencing the life satisfaction of these three groups were analyzed, based on a combination of perceived health and interpersonal satisfaction levels. It was found that among the young-old group, a higher level of subjective health perception indicated by monthly income and material support and interpersonal satisfaction linked to more frequent participation in community gathering combined for an overall higher level of life satisfaction. For the middle-old group, higher life satisfaction was provided by monthly income, informational support, and material support for subjective health perception and no diseases for interpersonal satisfaction. The oldest-old group with higher life satisfaction referred to monthly income for subjective health perception and no experience in donation activities for interpersonal satisfaction. Based on these findings, this study provides implications for policy and practice to improve the life satisfaction of elderly women who have experienced their spouse's death.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2004

본 연구는 어미닭의 나이, 계란의 저장기간 및 부화중 난중의 변화가 병아리의 성장률에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 육용종계 Cobb종으로부터 산란초기 계군($27\~28$주령)과 산란중기 계군($51\~52$ 주령)으로부터 종란을 수집하여 $10^{\circ}C$에서 6일간 계란을 저장(Young-EXP 혹은 Old-EXP 그룹)하거나, 부화기 입란 당일에 수거(Young-CON혹은 014-CON그룹)하여 부화시킨 4-그룹의 병아리(female 11수 + male 12수/그룹)를 6주 동안 평사에서 사육하였다. 산란중기 두 그룹(old-CON, old-EXP)상호간 입란시 난중의 차이는 1 g정도였는데 비해서, 산란초기 두 그룹(Young-CON, Young-EXP) 상호간 입란시 난중의 차이는 2.9 g정도(P<0.05)로 산란중기보다 산란초기에 일령의 증가에 따라 난중의 변화폭이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 입란시 난중에 대한 부화 18일경 난중의 감소 비율($\%$)은 그룹간에 별 차이가 없었으나, 전체 부화기간(21일간)의 난중 감소 비율($\%$)은 산란초기 그룹들보다 산란중기 그룹들이 유의하게(P<0.05) 더 컸다. 산란중기 계군들은 산란초기 계군들보다 부화시 체중이 평균 8.7g정도 유의하게(P<0.05) 더 무거웠으나, 시험종료시인 6주령시 체중은 4-그룹 상호간에 유의한 차이는 없었고, 대부분 모든 주령의 체중에 있어서 계란의 저장기간 상호간에도 두 계군 모두 통계적인 유의한 차이는 없었다. 도체율에 있어서도 계란의 저장기간 또는 어미자의 나이 상호간에 별 차이가 없었으며, 입란시 난중과 부화 18일경 난중, 부화 후 성장률 및 43일령시 도체율 상호간에 유의한 상관관계는 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2004

Purpose:It has been known that the prognosis of a young woman's breast cancer is Poorer than the other woman However, the effect of age on the prognosis is not well-defined We performed this study to investigate age as a prognostic factor of breast cancer. Materials and Methods : A retrospective study was conducted for 3209 breast cancer patients who underwent operations in Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital from January 1981 to December 2000. Patients were divided into two groups, young age(≤35) and old age(>35) groups. And tumor stage, histopathologic characteristics(such as histology, nuclear grade, histologic grade, hormonal receptor, etc), overall survival and disease free survival rates were compared between age groups. Results . The age ranged from 17 to 88 years. 396 patients(12.3%) were included in young age group(median=32) and 2813 Patients(87.7%) in old age group(median=47).There are more advanced stages and poor nuclear grades in young age group(p=0.000, p=0.003), By log-rank test, the young age group had poorer overall survival and disease free survival rates(p<0.05, p=0.0002). Although, the young age group had more advanced TMN stages(p=0.000) and poorer nuclear grade than the old age group(p=0.003) in multi variate analysis, the age was not a significant independent prognostic factor. (P=0.642)Conclusion: Our study showed that the age was not a significant independent prognostic factor.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.26-51
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• 1995

The present study was designed to examine effect of long term weight-training on aging atrophy in the rat skeletal muscle. Male rats of 8, 15, and 24 month old were used. Each age groups included control and weight-training for 5 months by using body press apparatus. The histo- and cytochemical, ultrastructural and stereological changes in aging skeletal muscles of the rat were observed in the present study. During the training period the body weight and muscular weight in all groups except the rectus femoris and the gastrocnemius in young age groups remained constant, but muscular weights were increased in the rectus femoris and the gastrocnemius muscles in young age groups. In trained rat, the volume density of muscle fiber type IIA and IIB were increased, but those of type IIC was decreased. Type I remained constant in 8 and 15 month old age groups, but reduced in the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius muscles in the 24 month old groups. Some histotological and ultrastructural changes associated with age were found: numerical increase of cytiplasmic vacuoles, lysosomes, lipofuscins, and irregularity of myofibrils. At 24 month old groups some unusual formation of contraction band and muscle splitting were observed. After weight-training, ultrastructural degenerative changes occured in the type I muscle fiber, such as splitting of muscle fiber, disorganization of myofilaments, swelling of mitochondria, accumulation of many lipid droplets, appearance of many lysosomes and residual bodies and necrotic fibers, in the old age groups. But, in the type II muscle fibers hypertrophy of muscle fiber appeared without any noticible damage as the type I. The activities of $Mg^{++}$ -ATPase decreased with age and this enzyme activities in the trained rat were significantly decreased with age. Activities of the acid phosphatase were increased with age and significantly in the trained rat. In stereological analysis, volume density of the myofibrils and the tubular system were increased, on the other hand there mitochondrial capacity was decreased. These experimental results suggested that old rats are not susceptible to be affected by weight-training as young rats, and that physical capacity of the rats must be considered when old rats are exercised for training.