• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 2015

Objectives To examine direct causes of attempted suicides, methods adopted to commit suicide, and psychiatric diagnoses among suicide attempters in South Korea. Methods A total of 1359 suicide attempters who had visited emergency department of 17 medical centers due to suicide attempt from May 2013 to Nov 2013 were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Results Psychiatric symptoms were the most common cause of suicide attempts (62.2%), followed by interpersonal relationships (24.4%). Women attempted suicide more often for interpersonal reasons, whereas men were more likely to do so for financial and job-related reasons. Half of participants (55.8%) attempted suicide by drug intoxication, which was more prevalent among females and those who had previous history of psychiatric disease or previous suicide attempt. Men were more likely to use more lethal methods such as pesticide poisoning and gas inhalation than women. Pesticide poisoning was also prevalent among the elderly group and the rural population. Near ninety-five percent (94.5%) of participants received a psychiatric diagnosis : the most frequent diagnosis was depressive disorder. Conclusions This is the first nationwide study of cases of attempted suicide. When stratified by age groups, gender, urbanicity, living alone or not, presence of physical illness, previous psychiatric history, and previous suicide attempt, there were significant differences with respect to causes, methods of attempted suicides and psychiatric diagnoses of suicide attempters.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 1978

Owing to the development of modern science, prolonging man's life, the sudden increase of population and betterment of the standard of living has increased health needs. In order to fulfill these health needs, more active plans for developing health should be made. Health education is one of the methods at hand that can improve the health behavior of the community and the individual through the contact of individuals with their groups. Proper understanding of the characteristics of the sampled group and participation of individuals within the community for the development of their health plan are needed for efficient health education. This study was attempted for the purpose of presenting some data helpful for pre-paring the fundamentals of a health education plan that can improve personal health maintenance practice of a community through efficient health education by investigating the relationship between the response of subjects to personal health maintenance practice and selected decisive factors in personal health maintenance practice. The subjects for this study were a systematic sample of 120 housewives selected from 600 housewives from B Zone Apt. Younhi-3-Dong in Seoul. Data was collected for 4 days from May 16th to May 19th, 1578 through personal interviews with questionnaires by well trained interviewers. Percentage, t-test and stepwise multiple regression analysis by use of EDPS were employed for statistical analysis. Results of this study can be summarized : 1. General characteristics of subjects Subjects over 20 and below 40 years of age formed 62.5% of the toed and the rest were subjects of 40 years and upward. 76.7% of the subjects have less than 4 children. 51.3% of the subjects had completed at least the senior high school course. 2. The response of subjects to personal health maintenance practice. Ratios of personal health maintenance practice to the maximum score for each category are as follows; 84.1% in the category of population and family planning, which was the highest ratio; 82.4% in the prevention of accidents; 68.0% in control of communicable disease; 67.8% in personal health care and habits of daily life, 64.3% in mental health and 52.5% in control of parasites, which was the lowest. 3. The response of subjects to selected decisive factors. in personal health maintenance practice. The arithmetic mean of the score for each decisive factor was as follows: the mutual relation between family members marked 18.33, which is under 73,3% of the maximum score; the degree of interest in health marked 34.48, 70.0% of the maximum score: the degree of utilization and demand for health care facilities marked 25.79 or 64.5% of the maximum score and health maintenance of the family marked 11.58, 43.6% of the maximum score. 4. The relationship between personal health maintenance practice and general characteristics of subjects. 1) There was a significant difference in the numbers of children. (t = 1.83, d.f. =117, p< 0.1) 2) There was a significant difference in the contact rates with mass-media, (t = 5.02, d.f. = 118, p< 0,05) 5. The multiple correlation between personal health maintenance practice and their selected decisive factors. 1) The factor“the degree of interest in health”could account for personal health maintenance practice in 43.6% of the sample. (R = 0.6602, R²= 0,4359, F = 91.1678, p< 0.001) 2) When the factor,“health maintenance of family”is added to this, it accounts for 51.2% of personal health maintenance practice. (R = 0.7158, R²= 0.5124, F = 61.4653, p< 0.001) 3) When the factor,“mutual relations between family members”is also included, it accounts for 53.7% of personal health maintenance practice. (R = 0.7324, R²= 0.5365, F = 44.7509, p< 0.001) 4) When the factor, “the degree of utilization and demand for health care facilities”is included, it accounts for 55.1% of personal health maintenance practice. (R = 0.7421, R²= 0.5507, F = 35.2430, p< 0.001).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제58권6호
• /
• pp.570-575
• /
• 2005

배 경 : 국내에서 전향적으로 DILD를 등록하여 원인 분류한 보고가 없고 진단 수기 및 치료에 대한 보고도 전무하여, 한 3차 대학병원에서 2년 동안 전향적으로 진단된 DILD의 원인, 진단 수기 및 치료현황에 대한 실태를 파악하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2002년 5월부터 2004년 4월까지 2년간 삼성서울병원에서 전향적으로 등록된 DILD 환자 487명을 대상으로, 2002년 ATS/ERS 분류에 따른 원인, 진단에 이용된 수기, 치료 방법에 대해 후향적 조사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1) 전체 487명중 DILD of known causes 168명, IIP 269명, granulomatous DILD 27명, other forms of DILD 14명이었고, 분류가 불확실한 환자 9명이었다. 2) 진단 수기는 HRCT가 97%, 폐기능검사가 89%, BAL이 44%, TBLB가 38%, 외과적 폐생검이 29%에서 이용 되었다. 3) 269명의 IIP 환자 중 IPF가 222명(82%), NSIP 23명(9%)이었고, 진단수기는 HRCT가 97%, BAL이 42%, 외과적 폐생검이 36%에서 받았다. 4) IIP 환자 중 폐생검을 받은 환자는 받지 않은 환자에 비해 평균연령이 더 낮고(57.8세 vs 68.2세, p<0.05) 심장질환 등의 동반 질환이 적었으며(16.5% vs 69%, p<0.001), HRCT 소견상 non-IPF인 경우가 더 많았다(33.7% vs 9.2%, p<0.001). 5) IPF 환자는 67%에서 대증적 치료만을 받았으나 non-IPF 환자에서는 89%에서 스테로이드 등의 약물치료를 받았다. 결 론 : 국내에서도 DILD 질환 등록 사업 및 적절한 검사를 통한 정확한 진단이 필요하고 이에 따른 치료가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.32-40
• /
• 2011

목적: 정상인의 나이에 따른 뇌피질의 회질과 백질의 T2 강조, FLAIR, T1 강조 영상에서의 두께와 신호강도의 미세구조 변화 양상을 알고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 남녀 각각 10 명씩의 10세, 20세, 30세, 40세, 50세, 60세, 70세, 80세, 90세 군의 T2, FLAIR, T1 강조 MR영상을 이용하였다. 뇌의 난형중심 부위의 축상영상에서 일정한 두께를 보이는 후중심뇌회 부위에서 피질의 회질과 백질의 두께와 신호강도를 측정하여, 각 군의 평균값을 구하여 나이 증가에 따른 회질/백질 두께 비와 회질/백질의 신호강도 비의 변화 양상을 비교 관찰하였다. 결과: T2 강조영상에서 회질/백질 두께 비는 남녀 각각 10세에는 0.81과 0.79, 90세에는 0.73과 0.71로써 회질이 백질의 두께보다 더 감소하였으며, 회질/백질 신호 비는 10세에는 1.53과 1.43, 90세에는 1.23과 1.27로써 남녀 각 20%와 11% 감소하였다. FLAIR 영상에서 회질/백질 두께 비는 남녀 각각 10세에는 1.09와 1.00, 70세에는 1.11과 0.95였으며, 회질/백질 신호 비는 10세에는 1.23과 1.25, 90세에는 1.06과 1.05로써 남녀 각각 14%와 16% 감소하였다. T1 강조영상에서 회질/백질 두께 비는 남녀 각각 10세에는 0.66과 0.80이었고, 90세에는 0.90과 0.78로 변화하였으며, 회질/백질 신호 비는 10세에는 0.86과 0.85, 90세에는 0.90과 0.87로써 남녀 각각 5%와 2% 증가하였다. 결론: T2, FLAIR, T1 강조영상에서 뇌파질의 회질과 백질의 나이증가에 따른 두께와 미세신호강도의 변화 양상은 특징적이며, 이 양상을 이해하는 것은 뇌의 정상 노화와 퇴행성 질환을 구별하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제53권5호
• /
• pp.550-560
• /
• 2002

연구배경 : 우리나라 약년자 폐암의 조직학적 형태와 그 구성비율 등을 비롯한 병리학적 특징과 임상적 소견, 그리고 생존율 등을 확인하여 노년자 폐암과의 차이를 비교하여 분석하였다. 방 법 : 1986년 8월부터 1995년 7월까지 약 10년 동안 대구 지역 4개 의과대학 부속병원 (영남의대, 경북의대, 계명의대, 대구가톨릭의대)에 입원하여 조직학적으로 원발성 폐암으로 진단된 1822명의 환자 중 45세 이하의 약년자 폐암 환자 94명의 임상적, 병리학적 특징을 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 1) 약년자 폐암의 빈도는 전체 폐암의 5.2%를 차지하였고, 평균 연령은 39.5세였으며 남녀비는 2:1로 노년자의 5.7:1에 벼하여 여성의 빈도가 상대적으로 더 높았다. 2) 약년자 폐암환자들의 흡연율은 노년자에 비하여 휠씬 낮았으나 (59.6% : 85.1%), 일일흡연양이나 담배를 처음 펴우기 시작한 나이는 차이가 없었다. 3) 약년자 폐암의 초발증상은 기침, 객담, 흉통의 빈도가 높았으며 진단까지 걸린 시간은 평균 133일로 노령자 폐양의 79일에 비해 유의하게 길었다. 4) 약년자 폐암은 선암(39.4%)이 가장 많았고 편평상피암(27.7%), 소세포암(18.1%)의 순이었다. 5) 약년자 폐암의 발생위치는 폐상엽 (32.8%)과 하엽 (38.양6) 이 많았고, 제 3병기 혹은 제 4병기의 환자가 대부분(82.2%)을 차지하였으나 노년자의 85.7%와 비교하여 차이가 없었다. 6) 약년자 폐암의 중앙생존기간은 67.3주로 노년자의 26.8주에 비해 유의하게 길었다. 결 론 : 약년자에 발생하는 폐암은 여성이 상대적으로 많으며, 선암이 가장 흔한 형태이다. 또한 약년자에서 발생하는 폐암은 노년자에서 발생하는 폐암보다 적극적으로 치료할 경우 예후가 더 좋을 것으로 생각한다.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2016

이삭마름병은 지금까지 화학살균제에 의해 방제되어 왔지만 잔류농약 문제로 인하여 합성농약의 사용은 곡류 수확 30일 전까지로 그 처리기간이 제한되어 있다. 따라서 수확 직전까지 처리가 가능한 새로운 생물농약의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이삭마름병 방제를 위하여 F. graminearum에 대하여 항균활성을 보이는 식물추출물을 선발하기 위하여 총 85과에속하는 225 한약재시료의 ethanol 추출물을 대상으로 F. graminearum 포자발아 억제효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과 높은 억제활성을 가진 대계근을 선발한 후, 용매 분획, 컬럼 크로마토그래피와 생물검정을 거쳐 F. graminearum 포자발아 억제활성을 가진 두 개의 화합물을 분리하였다. 두 물질은 질량분석과 핵자기공명분석을 통하여 ciryneol C와 1-heptadecene-11,13-diyne-8,9,10-triol의 polyacetylene계 화합물로 동정되었다. F. graminearum의 포자발아 저해활성을 나타내는 $IC_{50}$은 1-heptadecene-11,13-diyne-8,9,10-triol이 $3.17{\mu}g/ml$, ciryneol C는 $28.14{\mu}g/ml$로 1-heptadecene-11,13-diyne-8,9,10-triol의 저해활성이 ciryneol C보다 더 높았다. 또한 온실에서의 대계근 EtoAc 추출물 분말수화제의 밀 이삭마름 병방제효과는 250배와 500배희석액처리시각각 78.92%와 31.56%로 유효성분의 농도가 높을수록 방제효과도 높아졌다. 본 연구결과는 polyacetylene계 화합물을 함유하는 대계근의 조추출물이 이삭마름병 방제를 위한 식물유래 천연물 살균제로 사용이 가능하다는 것을 제시하고 있다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.122-128
• /
• 2007

This study aims to analyze the voices of the patients with voice disorders including vocal fold paralysis, vocal fold cyst and vocal nodule/polyp in the aspect of acoustic phonetics. This study intends to collect subsidiary acoustic data in order to make a speech treatment and an standardization of vocal disorders. Subjects and Methods: The subjects of this study were 64 adult patients who underwent indirect laryngoscopy and laryngostroboscopy, and were diagnosed as vocal fold paralysis, vocal fold cyst or vocal nodule/polyp. Experimental group consisted of 20 patients who were diagnosed as vocal fold paralysis, 21 patients who were diagnosed as vocal fold cyst and had the average age of 42.0 $({\pm}10.03)$ ; and 23 patients who were diagnosed as vocal nodule/polyp and had the average age of 40.9 $({\pm}13.75)$. For the methodology of this study, the patients listed above were asked to sit in a comfortable position at intervals of 10cm apart from the patient's mouth and a microphone, and subsequently to phonate a vowel sound /e/ for the maximum phonation time with natural tone and vocal volume then the sound was directly inputted on a computer. During recording, sampling rate was set to 44,100Hz and the 1-second area corresponding to stable zone except the first and the last stage of waveform of the vowel sound /e/ vocalized by the individual patients was analyzed. Results: First, there was no statistically significant difference in jitter and shimmer between vocal fold paralysis and vocal fold cyst, while there was highly statistically significant difference in them between vocal fold paralysis and vocal nodule/polyp. Second, looking into the mean values obtained from NNE, HNR and SNR results associated with noise ratio, the disease showing the most abnormal characteristics was vocal fold paralysis, followed by cyst and nodule/polyp in order. For NNE, there was statistically significant difference between vocal nodule/polyp, and cyst or paralysis. In other words, it was found that the NNE of vocal nodule/polyp was weaker than that of cyst or paralysis. Similarly, HNR and SNR also showed the same characteristics; there was statistically significant difference between vocal fold paralysis and vocal fold cyst or nodule/polyp, and HNR and SNR values of vocal fold paralysis were lower than those of vocal fold cyst or nodule/polyp. Conclusion: For vocal fold paralysis, the abnormal values of acoustic parameters associated with frequency, amplitude and noise ratio were statistically significantly higher than those of vocal fold cyst and nodule/polyp. This finding suggests that the voices of the patients with vocal fold paralysis are the most severely injured due to less stability of vocal fold movement, asymmetry and incomplete glottic closure. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the acoustic parameters of tremor among vocal fold paralysis, vocal fold cyst and vocal nodule/polyp. Further studies need to ascertain reasonable acoustic parameters with various vocal disorders as well as to clarify the correlation between acoustics-based objective tools and subjective evaluations.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.157-168
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out, through analyzing the annual reports(year of 1973-1993) on health status of Su Dong-Myun, and specific survey data of 332 households(Su Dong-Myun 209, Byul Nae-Myun 123), located in Nam Yang Ju-Si, Kyung Gi-Do, from July 20 to July 31, 1995, to find out more effective means for primary medical care in a rural area. The results were as fellows : 1. Number of population in Su Dong-Myun was 5,419 in 1973, 4,591(the lowest) in 1987 and 5,707 in 1995. In the composition rate of population, "0-14" of age group showed markedly decreasing tendency from 43.1% in 1975, to 19.1% in 1995, however "65 and over" markedly in creasing tendency form 5.3% in 1975 to 9.8% in 1995. 2. Annual utilization rate per 1,000 inhabitants in Su Dong-Myun showed markedly increasing tendency from 1973 to 1977 such as 343 in 1973, 540 in 1975, 900 in 1977. However, since 1979, the rate showed rapidly decreasing tendency, such as 846 in 1979, 519 in 1985, 190 in 1991 and 1993. 3. The morbid household rate per year was 53.6% of respondents and the rate per 15 days was 48.2%. In disease classification rate of morbid household per year, Arthralgia & Neuralgia was the highest rate(33.9%) and gastro-intestinal disorder(19.3%), Cough(11,9%), Hypertension(7.8%), Accident(3.2%) in next order. 4. In the utilizing facilities for Primary Medical Care, Medical facilities was showed the highest rate(58.1% of respondents) and Pharmacy and Drug Shp(33.1%), Tradition Method(4.0%) in next order. In the Medical facilities, General private clinic was showed the highest rate(34.3%) and specific private Clinic(22.3%), Hospital(19.0%), Health (Sub)center(16.3%), Nurse practitioner (3.3%), Oriental hospital and clinic(2.7%) in next order. 5. Experience rate, utilizing health subcenter was 51.8% of the respondents, and it was 55.0% in Su Dong-Myun and 46.3% in Byul Nae-Myun. In utilization times of health subcenter, times-rate showed next orders such as 1-2 times/6months(31.6%), 1-2 times/year (22.1%), 1-2 times/months(19.2%), 1-2 times/3months(15.6%). 6. In objectives, visiting Health Subcenter, Medical Care was the highest rate(59.8% of the respondents) and health control(23.3%) was in next order. In Medical Care, Primary Care by general physician was higher rate(51.1%) almost all. In the Health control, Immunization too was high rate(18.0%) in health control activities. 7. The reasons rate, utilizing health subcenter showed next order, such as distance to Medical facilities(33.0% of the respondents), Medical Cost(28.1%), Simple process of consultation (10.8%), Effectiveness of cure(7.6%), Function of primary medical care(7.0%) and Attitude of physician(6.5%). 8. In the affecting factors to utilization of primary medical facilities, medical needs was showed the highest rate(29.5% of the respondents) and medical cost(15.4%), distance to medical facilities(14.2%), traffic vehicle(14.2%) and farm work(6.9%) in next order. 9. In the priority between 'daily farm work,' and 'primary medical care', only 46.4% of respondents answered that primary health care is more important than the daily farm work The 22.6% of respondents answered 'daily farm work', and the 12.3% answered 'the equal of the both'. 10. In the criterion of medical facilities choice, medical knowledge and technical quality was showed the highest rate(56.3%), distance or time to medical facilities(10.9%), sincerity and kindness of physician(9.4%), medical cost(8.7%) and traffic vehicle(6.5%) in next order 11. In the advise for improvement of health subcenter function, the 36.1% of respondents answered that 'enforcement of medical personnel and equipment' was required, and then 'improved medical technology'(25.5%), 'good attitude of physician'(14.9%), 'improved medical system'(13.3%), 'enforced drug'(6.7%) in next order. 12. The study on affecting factors to utilization of primary medical facilities was very difficult subject to systematize the analyzed results, due to a prejudice of protocol planner, surveyer and respondent, and variety and overlapping of subject matter.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 구강건조증 인식도와 관련요인을 분석하여 구강건조증 예방 및 환자관리법에 대한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 실시하였다. 2012년 8월 1일부터 9월 30일까지 인천 및 경기지역에 거주하는 만 30세 이상 성인 240명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였으며, t검정과 일원배치분산분석 및 다중선형회귀분석을 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 일반적 특성과 구강건조증 인식도의 관련성을 분석한 결과 51세 이상이고 직업이 없으며, 월 평균 수입이 300만원 미만이라고 응답한 집단에서 구강건조증을 더 많이 인식하였다(p<0.05). 2. 건강상태와 구강건조증 인식도의 관련성을 분석한 결과 전반적으로 구강건강이 좋지 않으며, 치아우식증과 치주질환 및 구내점막질환 증상이 2개 이상인 집단에서 구강건조증을 더 많이 인식하였다. 또한 전반적으로 전신건강이 좋지 않으며, 만성질환에 이환되고 매일 약물을 복용하는 집단, 수면상태에 만족하지 않고 절망감을 인식한 집단에서 구강건조증을 더 많이 인식하였다(p<0.05). 3. 삶의 질과 구강건조증 인식도와의 관련성을 분석한 결과 저작능력, 대화능력 및 일상활동에 문제가 있고, 통증 불편함이 있으며 불안 우울한 집단에서 구강건조증을 더 많이 인식하였다(p<0.001). 4. 전신건조감과 구강건조증 인식도와의 관련성을 분석한 결과 피부와 눈, 입술 및 비강 내 점막이 자주 건조한 집단에서 구강건조증을 더 많이 인식하였다(p<0.001). 5. 구강건조증 인식도와 연관성의 강도를 분석한 결과 구강건조증 인식도는 삶의 질($\beta$=0.436)과 가장 연관성이 높았 다. 다음은 매일 복용 약물 수($\beta$=0.239), 전신건조감($\beta$=0.200), 절망감 인식($\beta$=0.160), 구내점막질환 증상 수($\beta$=0.099)의 순으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 연구결과로 볼 때 구강건조증은 삶의 질 저하를 초래할 수 있으므로 사회적 관심이 필요하며, 특히 구강보건인력은 구강건조증의 원인이나 부작용 및 치료법 등에 대한 관심도를 더욱 높여야 할 것이다. 또한 계속구강건강관리체계의 운영을 통해 구강건조증 예방 및 완화법에 대한 교육을 더욱 강화하여야 하고, 구강건조증에 대한 환자의 느낌이나 타액분비저하로 인해 나타나는 구강 내 변화에 세심한 관심과 철저한 모니터링이 수반되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.448-468
• /
• 1996

To maintain its functional integrity, bone is continuously remodelled by a process involving resorption by osteoeclasts and formation by osteoblasts, In order to respond to changes in the physical environment or to trauma with the relevant action, this process is strictly regulated by locally synthesized or systemic fators, Prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2$) is perhaps one of the best studied factors, having been known to affect bone cell function for several decades.$PGE_2$ has both anabolic and catabolic activities. Excess of $PGE_2$ has been implicated in a number of pathological states associated with bone loss in a number of chronic inflammatory conditions such as periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. $PGE_2$ and other arachidonic acid metabolites have been shown to be potent stimulators of osteoclastic bone resorption in organ culture. The anabolic effects of $PGE_2$ were first noticed when an increase in periosteal woven bone formation was seen after the infusion of $PGE_2$ into infants in order to prevent closure of the ductus arteriosus. The cellular basis for the catabolic actions of $PGE_2$ has been well characterized. $PGE_2$increases osteoclast recruitment in bone marrow cell cultures. Also $PGE_2$ has a direct action on osteoclast serving to inhibit activity and can also indirectly activate osteoclast via other cells in the vicinity, presumably osteoblast. The cellular mechanisms for the anabolic actions of $PGE_2$ are not nearly so well understood. The purpose of this paper was to study the effects of $PGE_2$ and dibutyl(DB)cAMP on osteoblastic clone MC3T3El cells and on the generation of osteoclasts from their precursor cells. The effect of $PGE_2$ and DBcAMP on the induction of alkaline phoaphatase(AlP) was investigated in osteoblastic clone MC3T3El cells cultured in medium containing 0.4% fetal bovine serum. $PGE_2$ and DBcAMP stimulated ALP activity and MTT assay in the cells in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of lO-SOOng/ml. Cycloheximide, protein synthesis inhibitor, inhibited the stimulative effect of $PGE_2$ and DBcAMP on ALP activity in the cells. $PGE_2$also increased the intracellular cAMP content in a dose-dependent fashion with a maximal effect at 500ng/ml. The effect of $PGE_2$ on the generation of osteoclasts was investigated in a coculture system of mouse bone marrow cells with primary osteoblastic cells cultured in media containing 10% fetal bovine serum.After cultures, staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)-marker enzyme of osteoclast was performed. The TRAP(+) multinucleated cells(MNCs), which have 3 or more nuclei, were counted. More TRAP(+) MNCs were formed in coculture system than in control group. $PGE_2(10^{-5}10^{-6}M)$ stimulated the formation of osteoclast cells from mouse bone marrow cells in culture. $PGE_2(10^{-6}M)$ stimulated the formation of osteoclast cells from mouse bone marrow cells in coculture of osteoblastic clone MC3T3E1 cells This results suggest that $PGE_2$ stimulates the differentiation of osteoblasts and generation of osteoclast, and are involved in bone formation, as well as in bone resorption.