• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.5
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• pp.149-173
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• 1996

This paper focus on the development of object-oriented model bases for Structured Modeling. For the model base organization, object modeling techniques and model typing concept which is similar to data typing concept are used. Structured modeling formalizes the notion of a definitional system as a way of dscribing models. From the object-oriented concept, a structured model can be represented as follows. Each group of similar elements(genus) is represented by a composite class. Other type of genera can be represented in a similar manner. This hierarchical class composition gives rise to an acyclic class-composition graph which corresponds with the genus graph of structured model. Nodes in this graph are instantiated to represent the elemental graph for a specific model. Taking this class composition process one step further, we aggregate the classes into higher-level composite classes which would correspond to the structured modeling notion of a module. Finally, the model itself is then represented by a composite class having attributes each of whose domain is a composite class representing one of the modules. The resulting class-composition graph represent the modular tree of the structured.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.188-191
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of fish oil supplementation with low dose on the lipid content and fatty acid composition of breast milk. Among 18 lactating women who were exclusively breast-fed their babies, 6 were in control group and 12 were in fish lil groups. The subjects in fish oil groups were supplemented with 1.96g/d or 3.92g/d of fish oil for 2 weeks from 10 to 12 weeks of postpartum. All subjects consumed their usual diet at home. Breast milk samples were collected at the final day of experiment. By fish oil supplementation, the concentrations of triglyceride, cholesterol, free fatty acid and phospholipid as well as total lipid in breast milk tended to increase, but not significant. There was no dose-dependent response. The fatty acid composition of breast milk was not changed by fish oil supplementation. These results suggest that low dose of fish oil supplementation may increase of lipid content, but does not affect on the fatty acid composition of breast milk.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.583-590
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• 2015

Evaluation and comparison for the performance on the contracting-out became possible after the introduction of the performance indicators(PIs) in 2012 in Korea, And local governments and private companies are utilizing them as evaluation data to enhance the performance of the contracting-out. Several revisions on performance indicator were carried out by expert group on contents validity of PIs, But the review of the composition validity of PIs was not sufficient. In this study, the applicability, distinction ability and composition validity of PIs is evaluated by statistical method. From the results, Improvement of indicator is required in order to increase the interrelationship among indicators to enhance the compostion validity of indicators related with operation, sludge and water reuse.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-177
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• 2010

Osteoporosis is a disease that increases the fracture rates and a major cause of increased mortality and morbidity in the elderly people. This study is to determine which components of body composition and metabolic syndrome risk factors are important to bone health, we analysed the relationship among bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and metabolic syndrome risk factors in females. Totally 630 females participated in a medical check-up program (mean age 47 years) were selected for this study. Body composition analysis was performed by segmental bioelectrical impedance method, muscle mass, and percent body fat were measured. We also measured metabolic syndrome risk factors including abdominal obesity, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure and fasting glucose level. Metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP-ATP III criteria. The lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were measured using the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were observed in 180 and 51 persons, respectively. Muscle mass and HDL-cholesterol decreased in osteopenia and osteoporosis groups compared to the control group, and the grade was shown progressively by the symptoms. Significant positive correlation between BMD and muscle mass was observed. Multi variable regression analyses showed that % body fat and muscle mass were independent predictors of BMD after adjustment of age, height and weight. In conclusion, the BMD showed negative correlation with the metabolic and body composition was associated with BMD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2000

In this study, total lipid and cholesterol contents and fatty acid composition of colostrum milk obtained from 30 normal mothers, 10 mothers who was delivered of preterm infant and 8 pregnancy induced hypertensive mothers were analyzed. While total cholesterol content in preterm colostrum was significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05), total lipid content was not different among three groups, ranged 2.24-.2.2g/dl. Composition of saturated fatty acide, such as lauric acid and myristic acid which are medium chain fatty acids in preterm milk were higher than those of normal-term and hypertensive mother's milk. There was no difference n total composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the rationh of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 among 3 group mother's colostrum, ranged 19.45-21.45% and 6.42-7.87, respectively. but the composition of arachidonic acid and DHA in colostrum of hypertensive mothers were significantly higher than those of normal and preterm mothers. These data indicates that gestational length and complications during pregnancy may change the lipid profile and fatty acid composition of hyman milk colosstrum.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.56-59
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• 2007

Effect of dietary nutrient composition on growth and body composition of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus with different feeding strategy was determined. Twenty-five fish averaging 16 g were randomly distributed into 12, 180 L flow-through tank each. Four treatments in triplicates were prepared: fish were fed to satiation twice daily by the control diet for 8 weeks as the control group (Con) and fish were fed to satiation twice daily by the control and high nutrient diets for 6 weeks after 2-week fasting (2WS-6WFC, 2WS-6WFHN, respectively) and finally, fish were fed to satiation twice daily by the high nutrient diet for the consecutive 3 days after 4-day fasting for 8 weeks (4DS-3DFHN). No significant difference was found in either survival or weight gain of flounder among treatments. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) for fish in the 2WS-6WFHN treatment was significantly higher than that for fish in the Con and 2WS-6WFC treatments. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish in the 2WS-6WFHN and 4DS-3DFHN treatments was significantly higher than that of fish in the 2WS-6WFC treatment. In conclusion, manipulation of dietary nutrient composition and/or feeding strategy can effectively improve growth of juvenile olive flounder without growth retardation at restricted feeding regime.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 1998

This study was conducted to compare the serum composition and urinary excretion in four institutional groups and the effects of intakes of good foods and harmful foods according to the Sasang constitiution for a short time on serum and ruine compositon. The contitutions of 33 female stucdents were classified by O-ring test and muscular strength test according to the Sasang constitution, The number of each institutional group was So-yang-in 11, So-em-in 10 and Tae-em-in 12. No subject belonged to Tae-yang-in There were no significant differences among contitutional groups in the values of most serum composition and urinary excretion Serum levels of total cholesterol, glucose, calcium and phosphorus in Tae-em-in was the highest among groups and the level of albumin and total protein in So-em-in was highest. The values of serum compositions changed after the 33 subjects took good foods and then harmful foods according to The Sasang constitution for a short time(5 days). Dietary behavior of the subjects had some effects among the constitutional groups in the values of most serum composition and urinary excretion. But the effects of dietary behavior on the serum composition and urinary excretion showed various trends in the four institutional groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.739-749
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effects of very low calorie diet (VLCD) using newly meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients on weight reduction and health in the obese adult women ($BMI{\geq}25\;kg/^2$) for four weeks. Seventy five women participated in this experiment. Subjects were randomly classified three groups: 1) General Diet group (GD group, n=25) consumed 3 regular meals within 600 kcal/day, 2) Meal replacements group (MR group, n=25) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day, 3) Herbal Meal replacements group (HMR group, n=25) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, biochemical measurements and body symptoms were assessed before (the initial) and after (the 4th week) the study. Anthropometry measurements such as weight, waist and hip circumference, and BMI and body composition such as body fat percent, fat mass significantly decreased in all groups after diet intervention. Anthropometric measurements and body composition of the ]lim group significantly decreased more than those of GD and MR groups. Serum Total cholesterol was significantly decreased in all groups. However, there was no significant difference among three groups during the experimental period. HMR group had significantly less felt a pain than GD and MR groups in body symptoms such as anemia, powerlessness, vomiting, constipation and dryness of skin during the experimental period. Therefore, very low calorie diet (VLCD) using meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients was very effective on weight reduction and health in the obese adult women.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.817-825
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• 2017

This study investigated the effect of 12 weeks combined exercise and nutrition education program on body composition, liver function, serum lipids and insulin resistance in obese middle-aged women. The combined exercise program was performed for 55 minutes 3 times per week during which the intensity progressively increased from RPE 13 to 14, 60-70%HRR (1~5 weeks), RPE 15 to 17, 70-80% HRR (6~12 weeks) and nutrition education was conducted 20 minutes one day per week. The subjects were 21 obese middle-aged women were composed of the nutrition education group (A, n=7), combined exercise group (B, n=7), and the control group (C, n=7). The results of the study in the nutrition education group and combined exercise group were as follows; The A and B group had significantly lower body composition than did the control group. The A group had significantly lower liver function, TC, TG, HDL-C, and HOMA-IR than did the control group. Consequently, combined exercise and nutrition education program effective in preventing diabetes caused by obesity in obese middle-aged woman. On the basis of the results of this study, the following recommendations are made for further studies: additional studies are needed to confirm the results of this study and to compare the effects of combined exercise on these variables in obese and non-obese men and women by age or exercise type; they are also needed to develop effective nutrition education programs for different age groups or body types.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.749-763
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• 2001

Osseointegrated titanium implants have become an integral therapy for the replacement of teeth lost. For dental implant materials, titanium, hydroxyapatite and alumina oxide have been used, which of them, titanium implants are in wide use today. Titanium is known for its high corrosion resistance and biocompatability, because of the high stability of oxide layer mainly consists of $TiO_2$. With the development of peri-implantitis, the implant surface is changed in surface topography and element composition. None of the treatments for cleaning and detoxification of implant surface is efficient to remove surface contamination from contaminated titanium implants to such extent that the original surface elemental composition. In this sights, the purpose of this study was to evaluate rough surface titanium implants by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) with respect to surface appearance and surface elemental composition. Moreover, it was also the aim to get the base for treatments of peri-implantitis. For the SEM and XPS study, rough surface titanium models were fabricated for control group. Six experimental groups were evaluated: 1) long-time room exposure, 2 ) air-powder abrasive cleaning for 1min, 3) burnishing in citric acid(pH1) for 1min, 4) burnishing in citric acid for 3min, 5) burnishing in tetracycline for 1min, 6) burnishing in tetracycline for 3min. All experimental treatments were followed by 1min of rinsing with distilled water. The results were as follows: 1. SEM observations of all experimental groups showed that any changes in surface topography were not detected when compared with control group. (750 X magnification) 2. XPS analysis showed that in all experimental groups, titanium and oxygen were increased and carbon was decreased, when compared with control group. 3. XPS analysis showed that the level of titanium, oxygen and carbon in the experimental group 3(citric acid treatment for 1min, followed by 1min of distilled water irrigation) reached to the level of control group. 4. XPS analysis showed that significant differences were not detected between the experimental group 1 and the other experimental groups except of experimental group 3. The Ti. level of experimental group 2, airpowder abrasive treatment for lmin followed by 1min of saline irrigation, was lower than the Ti. level of tetracycline treated groups, experimental group 5 and 6. From the result of this study, it may be concluded that the 1min of citric acid treatment followed by same time of rinsing with distilled water gave the best results from elemental points of view, and can be used safely to treat peri-implantitis.