• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.13-24
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• 2019

The history of tall buildings begins in 1853with the development of elevators. After the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century, the development of high-rise buildings will be carried out in earnest as a means to efficiently use the limited land of cities. The development, which began around Chicago, extended over a long period of time to Asia, maximizing the high competition. However, in the 2000s, not only was it high due to the development of construction and digital technology, but it also became competitive in eco-friendly elements and unstructured forms. High-rise building plans that have gained elemental and morphological diversity are completed by the interrelationships of various plans. Among them, it is important that the core plan has a reasonable approach from the initial planning stage as the basis for the vertical copper plan linking vertically-intensive functions. The cores should be designed to be clear and adequately responsive to changes in the shape of the building. This study aims to provide designers with a reasonable understanding of core planning by identifying core characteristics of irregular high-rise. In particular, we want to analyze the shape of the ground layer core and the relationship between the area and components of the ground layer core. The analysis results are as follows, classified according to the type or use of the building. Of the atypical forms composed of double bending, the TAPER-Curve and TWIST forms are the most distributed, and the plane and core shapes of the ground floor are the most commonly used. Based on the analysis of the validity of the ground floor cores by shape of the cores, the most commonly used forms for core shapes in the planning of the atypical high-rise are square, circular and Oval, and the most efficient oval cores and relatively inefficient ones when planned.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.489-496
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• 2019

In this paper, we design and fabricate an ultra small dual crossed dipole antenna operating at 2.4 GHz frequency. In order to miniaturize the size of the antenna so that it can be applied to a mobile device, a cross dipole is disposed on the upper two layers and a reflection plane, a horizontal matching circuit and a ground plane are arranged on each layer. The circuit was connected by a vertical through-hole. The size of the fabricated antenna is $21.61mm{\times}16.88mm{\times}1.27mm$, the measured reflection coefficient is -31.5 dB, and the bandwidth below -10 dB is 112 MHz. In addition, since the gain of the antenna is -4 dBi, it has the omnidirectional radiation characteristic, so it can be applied to various fields as an antenna for mobile devices.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2015

A miniaturized triple-band antenna suitable for wireless USB dongle applications is proposed and investigated in this paper. The presented antenna, simply consisting of a circular-arc-shaped stub, an L-shaped stub, a microstrip feed line, and a rectangular ground plane has a compact size of $16mm{\times}38.5mm$ and is capable of generating three separate resonant modes with very good impedance matching. The measurement results show that the antenna has several impedance bandwidths for S11 ${\leq}$ -10 dB of 260 MHz (2.24 GHz to 2.5 GHz), 320 MHz (3.4 GHz to 3.72 GHz), and 990 MHz (5.1 GHz to 6.09 GHz), which can be applied to both 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands and 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. Moreover, nearly-omni-directional radiation patterns and stable gain across the operating bands can be obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.259-264
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• 2005

In this paper, a novel compact microstrip-fed antenna with band-rejection characteristic for wideband applications is proposed. By cutting an L-shaped notch on the radiation patch, the wideband property for the proposed antenna is achieved. In addition, a C-shaped slot is introduced to obtain the band rejection operation of the antenna. The antenna, with very small size of $15.5\times21 mm^2$ including the ground plane, operates over 3.08 to 10.97 GHz and has the rejection band of 5.03 to 5.91 GHz for $S_{11}$ < -10 dB.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.183-185
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• 2010

A 2.4 GHz dual-polarized antenna for a Doppler radar is studied. The proposed dual-polarized antenna using a stacked annular ring patch with two co-centric gap-coupled feed lines and a $90^{\circ}$ hybrid exhibits fairly good performance of 22 dB isolation at a center frequency of 2.4 GHz. Using a $90^{\circ}$ hybrid, a right-handed circular polarization for the transmitter and a left-handed circular polarization for the receiver are implemented. The gain of the designed antenna is about 0 dBi over operating frequencies. The antenna size including a ground plane is only $40{\times}40\;mm^2$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.1151-1156
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• 2001

In this paper, the electric field distribution and directivity on human head caused by portable phone is analyzed. An analysis model is composed of a human head model and the antenna mounted on the same ground plane as portable telephone size. The QMSA to load a capacitor without limitation of the electric force is used In the computational model to apply to the antenna mounted on portable phone. This antenna is designed to operate in the near of frequency 2.0㎓, is observed the radiation characteristics of the antenna and their variations as a function of distance from the human head.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

Retaining wall is a structure to stabilize the land slope as vertical retaining wall have constructed to make efficiency use of downtown area. Recently to commune with nature and refine a apartment and structure, natural friendly relations for retaining walls are tried to construct. The surface of the concrete walls are weave in various figures and colours, and in some places plant a shrub. Laying a landscape stone which have disclose a plane nature one means keeping up the natural slope, constructively safely set a anchor in front side and rear side wall between the natural stone, plant shrub or ground coverings to give shape into a rock. Natural stone is exposed of surface and planting the gardening, to be a type of natural friendly relations however that will be recycled. The size of blasted nature stone which is irregular become more natural type of one.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.122-128
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• 2007

In this paper, we present the design and measurement of a side-fed circularly-polarized patch antenna with a dielectric loading. The antenna consists of a comer-truncated rectangular patch, an L-shaped ground plane, a dielectric loading material, and a coaxial probe. An antenna operating at the UHF band (910 MHz) for the RFID reader applications is optimized using a commercial software. The size of the patch is reduced by a factor of 1.73 by loading the patch with mono-cast(MC) nylon. Measurements of the fabricated antenna show performance characteristics comparable to those of much larger commercial RFID reader antennas.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.71-73
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• 2009

In this letter, novel antennas with two spiral elements are presented for ultra-wideband application. The original antenna consists of a T-shaped microstrip feed line, two spiral radiating elements, and a ground plane with two circular slots. It measures 30 mm ${\times}$ 40 mm ${\times}$ 1.6 mm. Spiral elements are used to increase the lower bandwidth limit. To further reduce the size of the antenna, the original antenna is cut in half by using the symmetry of the surface current distributions. The proposed antennas feature omnidirectional radiation patterns and good gain flatness.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.625-628
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• 2003

In this paper, a wideband two-layer H-shaped microstrip antenna for WLAN is designed and studied experimentally. To increase the bandwidth of microstrip patch antenna, a configuration of stacked type using parastic element is used, Furthermore, to reduce the size of microstrip patch antenna, the first technique is H-shaped patch type. the second technique is that the main radiator and parastic patch are shorted to the ground plane using ten shorting posts. The antenna bandwidth and radiation characteristics are calculated by ENSEMBLE ver. 5.0 simulation software, and compared with the experimental results, Experimental results show that the return loss is less than -10dB over the band of 5.086GHz to 5.832GHz, which is quite good agreement with the calculations.