• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the creation techniques of artificial wetland, one of biotopes developed to promote biodiversity in urban areas, and to look for improvement steps. Specifically, artificial wetland creation techniques were categorized into living environment and living creature classification. Being living conditions for creations, habitat environment was reviewed with a focus on water and soil environments. Living creatures were classified into plants, insects, fish, and birds. The evaluation of creation techniques was done in post-construction evaluation while considering the creation of habitats for living creatures. Intervention by users, changes in living environment and living species, and relevance of creation techniques were reviewed. Key results of this study are as follows. (1) Water environment for the living environment of creatures provides a suitable environment conditions for the living of creatures through a process easing the use of piped water. Various water depths and embankment appear to have a positive impact on the living of aquatic life. In particular, embankment covered in soil naturally played an important role as a place for the activities of aquatic insects and young fish as well as the growth of aquatic plants. (2) Various aquatic and ground plants to promote insect-diversity, shallow water, and old-tree logs had contributed greatly in increasing the types and number of insects. Aquatic insects. Aquatic insects were seen much particularly in areas where aquatic plants are rich but water is shallow than any other areas. (3) A space piled with stone to provide habitats for fish was not much used. However, it was observed that fish used embankment built with natural stones and embankment using logs in areas where water is deep. In addition, it was confirmed that 1,500 fish that had been released propagated using various depths and places for birth. (4) It was analyzed that techniques (creation of island, log setting, and creation of man-made bird nests) to provide habitats and to attract birds are not serving their roles. In such a case, it is believed that species had not increased due to the smallness as well as isolated features of the area. Based on theoretical review, they are judged to be areas that are likely to be used when a greater variety of birds is introduced. It is judged that attracting and keeping more birds at the site, such spaces need to be linked systematically in the future in terms of building eco-network while ensuring an adequate living areas. (5) In the study areas, users intervened greatly. As a result, a blockage was created preventing the normal growth of plants and non-indigenous plants were introduced. In order to limit the intervention by users, setting enough buffer zones, and environment education programs were urgently required. D/H=1>Hyangkyo> houses on the river>temples>lecture halls. D/H ratio of the backside areas is as follows. D/H=1>Hyangkyo>houses on the river>lecture halls. 4. Inner garden were planted deciduous than evergreen trees with Lagerstroemia indica. Enclosed dominant trees were planted by Pinus densiflora, Querces seuata. construct GEM strain, and examined for the expression and functional stability in microcosms.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.273-280
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• 2003

Tunneling in difficult geological conditions is often inevitable especially in urban areas. Ground improvement and reinforcement techniques are often required to guarantee safe tunnel excavations and/or to prevent damage to adjacent structures. The steel pipe-reinforced multi-step grouting method has been recently applied to tunnel sites in Korea as an auxiliary technique. In this study, the face stability with steel pipe-reinforced multi-step grouting was evaluated by simultaneously considering two factors: one is the effective stress acting on the tunnel face calculated by limit theorem and limit equilibrium method; the other is the seepage force obtained by means of numerical analysis. The study revealed that the influence of the steel pipe-reinforced multi-step grouting on the support pressure in dry condition is not significant while there is relatively a large amount of reduction in seepage forces by adopting the technique in saturated condition. The effect of the anisotropy of permeability on the seepage force acting on the tunnel face was also estimated by conducting the coupled analysis. It was found that a higher horizontal permeability compared with the vertical one causes reduction in the seepage force acting on the tunnel face.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.293-300
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• 1999

Soilcrete has been the traditional material for the paving and soft ground improvement techniques. But because the durability is not excellent and the quality is not homogeneous, it has not been used for the various purposes up to date. And because the quality of soilcrete is apt to be changed by the content of water and soil stabilizer, and the kind of soil and soil stabilizer, it is not free of cares. But with the increase of naturally oriented needs for the light traffic road such as pedestrian roads of the garden, golf courses and sidewalks, the cases of soilcrete paving has been increased recently. This study aims at making the reference table of the mix design in accordance with the required design specifications for the soilcrete admixtures by the FGC soil stabilizer by using the statistical experiment method. The treated soil is the clay which are widely spreaded in Korea. As the results of this study we can derive the effective reference mix design table for the clay soil treated by the FGC soil stabilizer in accordance with the compressive strength of 50∼200kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ soilcrete with respect to the contents of water, soil stabilizer and fine sand.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2007년 가을학술발표회
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• pp.514-527
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• 2007

Earth reinforcement techniques are used worldwide and offer proven solutions to a wide range of geotechnical engineering problems. Here in this paper, recent developments of three major reinforced soil retaining wall methods in Japan were introduced in order to show how the current situation of this technique in Japan is. And the statistical data for the volume of the use was also shown, such as the total volume of the use, the scales of the structures, layout of the earth reinforcement, fill materials, and foundation conditions. Some of the case histories were also introduced with photographs and figures. And then, as one of recent research activity by the author, the study on the application of X-ray CT for the problem of earth reinforcement method combined with other method such as piling and soil improvement was introduced. In this study, a series of model test for several reinforced ground with geogrids was conducted using a newly developed test apparatus. Then, the behavior in the soil box was scanned after settlement using X-ray CT scanner. Based on these test results, the reinforcing effect by the geogrids and the soil arching effect over the pile heads was discussed precisely and those are done in 3-D with nondestructive condition. Finally, the effectiveness of the use of X-ray CT scanner in geotechnical engineering was promised.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.34-47
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the program development process of a nonformal environmental education(EE) program in detail. For the purpose, following research questions were answered in "the Nature School in the Forest" program in Eco-Club 1) What is the program development process? 2) What is the role of staffs, program developers, in the program development process? What are the meanings of their pedagogical approach? 3) With the findings of this study, how is the researcher able to develop ground theory for community-based nonformal EE, and to promote theoretical discussion for field improvement? The data were mainly gathered through participation observation and unstructured interview. And the data were analyzed by qualitative techniques such as clustering, factoring, noting pattern and themes, seeing plausibility, making metaphors, and building logical chain of evidence. The following conclusion comes out of the findings of this study. "The Nature School in the Forest" program is a educational device which the community-based NGO chose as a strategy to change individuals and community with its ideological purpose. And the program development process was the contiuous group decision-making process among staffs and volunteers. Consequently "the Nature School in the Forest" program is a circulated process of the voluntary activists training and their participation in program operation.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2010

1990년대 초 쏘일네일링 공법이 국내에 처음 도입된 이후 쏘일네일링 공법은 사면안정 및 지반굴착의 보강공법으로 널리 쓰이고 있으며, 쏘일네일링 공법의 적용이 확대됨에 따라 초기의 쏘일네일링 공법에 대한 여러 가지 개선된 쏘일네일링 공법도 발달하였다. 최근에 많이 쓰이는 쏘일네일 공법들은 크게 그라우트에 대한 개선 공법과 쏘일네일 자체에 대한 개선 공법으로 분류된다. 그라우트에 대한 개선공법으로는 대표적으로 가압그라우팅 공법을 들 수 있으며, 쏘일네일 자체에 대한 개선공법으로는 자천공 쏘일네일 공법, 제거식 쏘일네일 공법 등과 더불어 본 연구의 대상이 되는 확장그라우팅 공법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 확장그라우팅 공법의 인발거동 특성을 평가하기 위하여 3차원 유한차분 해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석 결과를 통하여 확장그라우팅 공법이 적용된 쏘일네일링의 인발거동특성에 대하여 기술하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.485-496
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• 2019

Sealing of leakage in waterfront or water-retaining structures is one of the major issues in geotechnical engineering practices. With demands for biological methods as sustainable ground improvement techniques, bioclogging, defined as the reduction in hydraulic conductivity of soils caused by microbial activities, has been considered as an alternative to the chemical grout techniques for its economic advantages and eco-friendliness of microbial by-products. This study investigated the feasibility of bioaugmentation and biostimulation methods to induce fermentation-based bioclogging effect in coarse sands. In the bioaugmentation experiments, effects of various parameters and conditions, including grain size, pH, and biogenic gas generation, on hydraulic conductivity reduction were examined through a series of column experiments while Leuconostoc mesenteroides, which produce an insoluble biopolymer called dextran, was used as the model bacteria. The column test results demonstrate that the accumulation of bacterial biopolymer can readily reduce the hydraulic conductivity by three-to-four orders of magnitudes or by 99.9-99.99% in well-controlled environments. In the biostimulation experiments, two inoculums of indigenous soil bacteria sampled from waterfront embankments were prepared and their bioclogging efficiency was examined. With one inoculum containing species capable of fermentation and biopolymer production, the hydraulic conductivity reduction by two orders of magnitude was achieved, however, no clogging was found with the other inoculum. This implies that presence of indigenous species capable of biopolymer production and their population, if any, play a key role in causing bioclogging, because of competition with other indigenous bacteria. The presented results provide fundamental insights into the bacterial biopolymer formation mechanism, its effect on soil permeability, and potential of engineering bacterial clogging in subsurface.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2010

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen that causes bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). We compared three selective media and evaluated the performance of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) for the detection of low levels of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef and radish sprouts with different levels of background flora. Bulk food samples (500 g for each trial) were artificially inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli O157:H7 at the lowest dose that would generate 20 partial-positive samples of 25 g each. All samples were homogenized in mTSB (225 mL) and incubated overnight at $37^{\circ}C$. IMS was performed using the enriched mTSB samples (1 mL) along with conventional spreads plated onto three different selective media: Sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC), Sorbitol MacConkey agar with cefixime and tellulite (CT-SMAC), and Sorbitol MacConkey agar with nalidixic acid (NAL-SMAC) as the gold standard. Two suspicious colonies from each medium were selected and confirmed usinga serological test after transfer to tryptic soy broth with yeast extract (TSAYE). CT-SMAC was better than SMAC for detecting E. coli O157:H7 in all food types. Although there was no statistical difference in the number of positive samples when using IMS vs. non-IMS techniques, more positive samples were detected when IMS was used in both ground beef and radish sprouts. It appears that the improvement was more significant in radish sprouts, which had a higher level of background flora than ground beef. The results also suggest that the combination of CT-SMAC and IMS is sufficient to recover low levels of E. coli O157:H7 in high background flora food samples.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2023

최근 도심지 도로에서 빈번하게 발생하는 도로 파임의 주원인인 지하 공동의 발생을 파악하기 위해, 차량 부착형 지표투과레이더(GPR)를 통해 얻은 대량의 취득 자료를 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 기계학습 기반 공동 탐지 기술이 활발하게 연구되고 있다. 그러나 기계학습 자료 생성 시 단순한 영상 처리 기법들만 활용되고 있고, 탄성파 탐사나 GPR 자료 처리에 시도되었던 여러 기법들은 충분히 활용되지 못하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 지하 공동의 탐지가 대부분 회절파의 탐지에 의해 이루어진다는 점에 착안하여 GPR 자료로부터 회절파를 분리하여 YOLO v5 모델을 이용한 도로 하부 공동 탐지 모델의 성능을 향상시켰다. 탄성파에서 개발된 기계학습 기반 회절파 분리 기법을 GPR 자료에 맞게 변형한 후, GPR 현장 자료에서 회절파를 분리하여 공동 탐지 모델의 입력으로 사용하였다. 서울시 공공 개방 GPR 자료를 이용하여 제안된 방법의 성능을 검증한 결과, 회절파 분리를 이용했을 때 더 정확하게 공동 및 지하 구조물을 탐지하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 제안된 회절파 분리 기법은 향후 GPR 탐사가 이용되는 다양한 분야에서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2000

Soilcrete는 도로포장과 연약지반개량공사에 널리 활용되고 있는 전통적인 재료이지만 내구성이 떨어지고 품질이 불균질하기 때문에 용도확대에 제약을 받아왔다. 그러나 최근 환경친화적인 수요가 증가하면서 공원의 산책로, 골프장의 보도 등에 고강도 소일크리트의 적용사례가 증가하고 있다 본 연구의 목적은 포졸란 시멘트를 이용한 고강도 소일크리트에 대해서 통계적인 실험계획법을 적용하여 참고 배합설계를 실시하고자 하였다. 시험토질은 국내 현장에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 점토를 대상으로 하였으며, 연구결과 압축강도$50~150kg/cm^2$수준의 고강도 소일크리트에 대한 실용적인 참고 배합표를 제안할 수 있었다.