• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.401-408
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• 2005

Recently shield TBM tunnellings are being applied to subway construction in Korean cities. Generally these kinds of tunnellings have the problems in the stability of ground such as subsidence because urban subway is constructed in the shallow depth. A sinkhole occurred on the road just above the tunnel during tunneling in Kwangju, so a survey for upper layer of the tunnel was needed. But conventional Ground Probing Radar can't be applicable due to the presence of steel-mesh screen in the shield segment, so no existent geophysical method is applicable in this site. Because the outer surface of each shield segment is electrically insulated, dipole-dipole resistivity method which is popular in engineering site investigation, was tried to this survey for the first time. Specially manufactured flexible ring-type electrodes were installed into the grouting holes at an interval of 2.4 m on the ceiling. The K-Ohm II system which has been developed by KIGAM and tested successfully in many sites, was used in this site. The system consists of 1000Volt-1Ampere constant-current transmitter, optically isolated 24 bit sigma-delta A/D conversion receiver - maximum 12 channel simultaneous measurements, and graphical automatic acquisition software for easy data quality check in real time. Borehole camera logging with circular white LED lighting was also done to investigate the state of the layer. Measured resistivity data lack of some stations due to failing opening lids of holes, shows general high-low trend well. The dipole-dipole resistivity inversion results discriminate (1) one approximately 4 meter diameter cavity (grouted but incompletely hardened, so low resistivity - less than $30{\Omega}m$), (2) weak zone (100-200${\Omega}m$), and (3) hard zone (high resistivity - more than 1000${\Omega}m$) very well for the distance of 320 meters. The 2-D inversion neglects slight absolute 3-D effect, but we can get satisfactory and useful information. Acquired resistivity section and video tapes by borehole camera logging will be reserved and reused if some problem occurs in this site in the future.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 1997

온도검층은 시추공내의 물의 온도를 측정하는 물리검층의 한 방법으로, 온도검층을 통하여 공내의 열적 상황과 물의 흐름에 관한 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 한국자원연구소에서 수행한 400개의 온도검층결과중 공저온도, 심도 및 각 지역의 연평균 기온으로부터 평균 지하증온율을 26.6$^{\circ}C$/km로 계산하였으며, 이 값은 앞으로 지속적으로 보정하여야 할 값이다. 또한 세 가지의 대표적인 온도검층 결과를 제시하여 검토. 해석하였다. 첫 번째는 동질의 화강암저반에서 측정한 온도검층 결과로서 심도가 증가함에 따라 온도는 단순 1차 증가를 보이는 예이며, 두 번째는 공내에서 온도의 측정으로 파쇄대를 추정할 수 있는 예를 들어 설명하였고, 세 번째는 양수시험 전후에 실시한 온도검층의 예와 양수정에서 일정한 양으로 양수할 때 관측정에서 연속적으로 온도검층을 실시한 예이다. 우리 나라 결정질 암석내의 대수층은 파쇄대 대수층이 주를 이루며, 인접한 공간의 영향관계를 알기 위하여 다양한 시험이 필요하다. 이 때 시간과 돈을 절약할 수 있는 간단한 양수시험 혹은 주입시험과 더불어 온도검층을 실시함으로써 정성적인 연결성을 예측할 수 있다.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2010

Long-term temperature monitoring has been performed for ground heat exchanger at the Earthquake Research Center (ERC) building in Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM). For the 3 years of monitoring, overall temperature increases are observed at various depths within a borehole heat exchanger. But monitoring of ground temperature variation at the monitoring well beforehand showed that geothermal utilization is not the only source for the temperature increase, Because various kinds of sources can cause the ground temperature change, more thorough investigation should be followed.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.170-185
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• 1994

Surface subsidence is one of the problems caused by mined out caverns. Depending on the geologic conditions and mining methods, subsidence can occur in various forms. This report describes the ground stability assessment for the mining induced subsidence area where unfilled caverns still exist abandoned. Geologic features which could affect the stability of the ground were investigated and all the possible geophysical methods were employed to obtain data that could explain the state of the ground in question. Basic rock tests were conducted from the drill cores and rock mass classification was performed by core logging and borehole camera investigation. Numerical analyses were carried out to predict the ground stability using data obtained by various investigations. The result could have been more reliable if in-situ stress were measure and reflected in the numerical analysis.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

본 연구는 지반함몰 발생 및 피해저감을 위한 지반 안정성 평가 및 굴착 보강 기술개발 과제 중 지반함몰 위험성 예측 및 평가기술 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위한 연구로 수도권 6개 굴착지역에 대한 문헌자료에 의한 강도정수 산정, 시추에 의한 지반조사 및 표준관입시험, 시추공을 이용한 하향식탄성파 결과를 이용하여 지반특성을 비교 연구 하였다. 연구결과 표준관입시험 결과인 N치와 문헌자료를 이용하여 지반정수를 산정하였고, 시추된 홀에 하향식탄성파탐사를 실시하여 지반의 동적지반특성을 확인하였다. 각 지역별 지반특성을 확인한 결과 지반물성치가 상이하게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이는 각 현장별 N치와 문헌자료 조사자의 경험적 지반정수가 반영된 결과인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2001

토양이나 암반의 물성을 조사하기 위하여 시추공조사가 흔히 이루어진다. 그러나 시추조사의 결과는 불연속적이고 시추공과 시추공 사이의 물성은 두 시추공의 조사결과를 내삽하여 구할 수 밖 에 없다. 그러나 이러한 내삽법을 이용한 해석은 지반의 수평적 변화가 심하지 않은 경우에만 가능하다. 연약지반의 연속적인 2차원 S파 속도구조를 구하기 위하여 표면파 역산 방법을 사용하였다. 역산 결과를 해석하기 위하여 역산 결과의 해상도를 역산 결과와함께 제시하였다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.776-781
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• 2008

A ground heat exchanger in a GSHP system is an important unit that determines the thermal performance of a system and its initial cost. The Size and performance of this heat exchanger is highly dependent on the thermal properties. A proper design requires certain site-specific parameters, most importantly the ground effective thermal conductivity, the borehole thermal resistance and the undisturbed ground temperature. This paper is part of a research project aiming at constructing a database of these site-specific properties, especially ground effective thermal conductivity. The objective was to develop and evaluation method, and to provide this knowledge to design engineers. To achieve these goals, thermal response tests were conducted using a testing device at nearly 150 locations in Korea. The in-situ thermal response is the temperature development over time when a known heating load imposed, e.g. by circulating a heat carrier fluid through the test exchangers. The line-source model was then applied to the response test data because of its simplicity. From the data analysis, the range of ground effective thermal conductivity at various sites is $1.5{\sim}4.0\;W$/mK. The results also show that the ground effective thermal conductivity varies with grouting materials as well as regional geological conditions and groundwater flow.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to present the simulation results and an overview of the performance assessment of the Ground-Source Heat Pump(GSHF) system. The calculation was performed for two design factors: the spacing between boreholes and the depth of the vertical ground heat exchangers. And the simulation was carried out using the thermal simulation code TRNSYS with new model of water to water heat pump developed by this study. As a result, it was anticipated that the yearly mean COPs of heat pump for heating and cooling are about 3.7 and 5.8 respectively and the heat pump can supply 100% of heating and cooling load all the year around.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.511-514
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• 2007

This study was performed to construct a geothermal data base about thermal conductivity of ground heat exchanger and thermal properties of grouting material which used to refill the borehole. We have acquired geothermal data sets from 39 sites over wide area of South Korea except to Jeju island. From data analysis, the range of thermal conductivity is $1.5{\sim}4.0$ W/mK. It means that thermal conductivity varies with grouting material as well as regional geology and ground water system.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

In a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system, a vertical ground heat exchanger (GHE) is widely accepted due to a higher thermal performance. In the vertical GHE, grout (also called grouting material) plays an important role in the heat transfer performance and the initial installation cost of the GHE. Bentonite-based grout has been used in practice because of its high swelling potential and low hydraulic conductivity. This study evaluated the thermo-physical properties of the bentonite-based grouts through lab-scale measurements. In addition, we conducted performance simulation to analyze the effect of mixed ratio of grouts on the design length and thermal performance of the vertical GHE. The simulation results show that thermally-enhanced grouts improve the heat transfer performance of the vertical GHE and thus reduce the design length of GHE pipe.