• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the four week repeated toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats orally administrated with Rhus-II (water fraction of Rhus Veniciflua). In acute toxicity test, three groups (40 rats of both sex) were administrated different dosages of Rhus-II, 2 g/kg (high dosage group), 1 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg and one group (10 rats of both sex) were received by orally only saline according to the Regulation on Korea Food and Drug Administration, respectively. There was no difference in body weight change, feed intake and water consumption among different dose groups. There was no alteration in relative organ weight by the administration of Rhus-II. No death of abnormal clinical signs was observed during the experimental period. Between the groups orally administered Rhus-II and the control group, there was no statistical significance in urinalysis, hematological test or serum biochemical values. There were no gross findings at final sacrifice. There was no evidence of histopathological alteration mediated by four week treatment with Rhus-II. These results suggest that no observable effect level(NOEL) of the test orally administration was considered to be more than 2g/kg in rats under the conditions employed in this study.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.319-327
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• 1989

In order to study the effects of neomycin sulfate on the kidney of Korean black goats after dosing at 36mg/kg(A group) or 18mg/kg of body weight (B group) twice a day, serum chemical values(BUN, SCr), urinary enzyme(GGT) excretion and urinary analysis were checked and renal lesions were observed by light microscope. The proteinuria and granular casts were observed on the 5-6th day and 7th day of treatment with neomycin respectively in the A group. While these changes were observed on the 4th day and the 6th day respectively in one goat of the B group. Urinary GGT excretion began to increase from the 9th day and reached to maximum concentration on the 15th day of treatment with neomycin in the A group. Thereafter, GGT excretion began to decrease and reach to normal level on the 21th day. But GGT excretion increased on the 9th day in only one goat of the B group. Concentrations of BUN and SCr increased on the 12th day in the A group and in one goat of B group. The kidneys were swollen gross pathologically and the renal tubular epithelial cell changes were noticed histologically in the A group and in one goat of the B group. These changes were included degeneration with hyaline droplet formation, flattened epithelial cells and necrotic epithelium. Granular casts were showed in many tubular lumens. Prfesent results indicated that nephrotoxicosis would not occured in Korean black goats dosing with neomycin sulfate less that 36mg/kg of body weight a day.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1731-1740
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• 2013

The design life and durability of the bridges are strongly affected by the Gross Vehicle Weight(GVW) of heavyweight trucks. The Weigh-In-Motion(WIM) systems are typically used to collect information on truck total weight and speed. The statistical analysis of the GVW measured using High Speed WIM systems showed that most of heavy vehicles were from Vehicle Type 7, 10, and 12. The analysis was also carried out to determine goodness of fit with theoretical probability distributions. The normal distribution was shown to best describe the overall distribution of GVW. The top 10% of the GVW appeared to best fit by the Weibull 3 probability distribution.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.7 s.100
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• pp.799-805
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• 2005

This paper describes the development process of high stiffness body for ride and handling performance. High stiffness and light weight vehicle is a major target in the refinement of Passenger cars to meet customers' contradictable requirements between ride and handling performance and fuel economy This paper describes the analysis approach process for high stiffness body through the data level of body stiffness. According to the frequency band. we can suggest the design guideline about lg cornering static stiffness, torsional and lateral stiffness, body attachment stiffness. The ride and handling characteristic of a vehicle Is significantly affected by vibration transferred to the body through the chassis mounting points from front and rear suspension. It is known that body attachment stiffness is an important factor of ride and handling performance improvement. And high stiffness helps to improve the flexibility of bushing rate tuning between handling and road noise. It makes possible to design the good handling performance vehicle and save vehicles to be used in tests by using mother car at initial design stage. These improvements can lead to shortening the time needed to develop better vehicles.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.511-522
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• 2015

This study investigates the acute and repeated-dose oral toxicity of crude antifungal compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum AF1 (Lb. plantarum AF1) and Lactobacillus plantarum HD1 (Lb. plantarum HD1) in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. In the acute toxicity study, crude antifungal compounds (500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg) did not reduce mortality or produce significant changes in general behaviors or the gross appearance of external and internal organs. In the repeated-dose toxicity study, crude antifungal compounds were administered orally to rats at doses of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg daily for 28 days. There were no test-article-related deaths, abnormal clinical signs, or body weight changes. In addition, there were no significant differences between groups treated with crude antifungal compounds and the control group in their organ weight, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, or any other factors. These results suggest that the acute or repeated-dose oral administration of crude antifungal compounds produced by Lb. plantarum AF1 plus Lb. plantarum HD1 is not toxic in male and female rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.360-378
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate effect of dietary protein and calcium levels on cad-mium intoxication in rats. Adult Sprague-Dawley male rate(245$\pm$21g) were blocked into 18 groups of 7 animals according to body weight Nine experimental diets different with protein(40%, 15%, 7%) and calcium (1.3%, 0.6%, 0.1%) levels were prepared. Nine groups of animals were fed each diet with 50ppm cadmium in drinking water and the other 9 groups without cadmium for 30days. Results were summarized as follows: 1) Body weight gain F. E. R(Food Efficiency Ratio) and weights of liver kidney and femur were higher in high protein groups among cadmium exposed groups. 2) Cadmium contents in liver and intestine were higher in rats fed high protein diet or low calcium diet among cadmium exposed groups. Fecal cadmium excretion was highest in high protein-high calcium diet group among cadmium exposed animals. Metallothionein contents in liver kidney and intestine were higher in animals exposed to cadmium and fed high protein diets. 3) Gel filtration chromatography of cytosolic solution showed that the higher dietary protein and calcium levels were the more cadmium was found in metallothionein fractions. 4) No gross histopathological change was seen in liver kidney and intestine of cadmium exposed rats. However a significant increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum which was alleveated by high protein-high calcium diet was observed. Results obtained indicated that not only high protein diet but also high calcium diet showed preventive effect on cadmium intoxication by increasing the induction of metallothionein syn-thesis and decreasing the cadmium absorption.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 2012

Acute toxicity on the water extract of Mori Fructus was examined in male and female mice. The water extract of Mori Fructus was orally administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2,000 mg/kg and had been observed for two weeks. No mortality and abnormal clinical signs were shown for the observation period. At the terminal sacrifice, there were no difference in net body weight gain, organ weight and gross pathological findings among the groups treated with different doses of the water extract of Mori Fructus. The results suggested that under the condition employed in this study $LD_{50}$ would be more than 2,000 mg/kg. All the data obtained the experiments lead to the water extract of Mori Fructus should have very low acute toxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.348-354
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• 2009

In order to reduce the risk of roll over crash, one of the greatest risk events, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA) issued Notice of Proposed Rulemaking(NPRM) enhancing the safety standard on roof crush resistance, FMVSS No. 216 and changing some part of the test procedure. According to this NPRM, the boundary Gross Vehicle Weight Rating(GVWR) of the vehicles applied by this standard is extended from 2,722kg(6000 lb) to 4,536 kg(10000 lb) and the applied test force is increased from 1.5 times to 2.5 times of Unloaded Vehicle Weight (UVW). Also the current limit on the amount of roof crush, 127mm(5 inch), is replaced with a new requirement of maintaining enough headroom without touching the head of a seated 50% male dummy. In this paper, we carried out the rollover crash test on some domestic cars and investigated their safety due to the KMVSS No. 92 and the enhanced safety standard, FMVSS No. 216, respectively. The result shows that most of them can satisfy the new standards but further tests will be necessary, especially for heavier cars.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.423-426
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• 2009

POSTECH Graduate School of Wind Energy is trying to upgrade the PMSG used for Unison U50 to 900 kW class. Intensive optimization efforts are carried out the reduce the axial size and total weight of the generator while increasing the rated output to 900 kW. The generator features 3.32m stator inner radius, 671mm stator length, 84 pole, 25 rated rpm and 31.6kN/$m^2$ shear force density. To reduce the gross weight, the stronger magnetic material is applied with optimal magnet size resulting lowest cogging torque. Also, instead of stator skewing the stator, the magnet position along the circumference is optimized to further reduce the cogging torque. This scheme eliminates the stator skewing procedure and may enhance the productivity. This method also reduces the total harmonic distortion. In this report, upgrade method, no-load line to line voltage and phase voltage, cogging torque, loss calculations and thermal analysis are presented.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2008

The subcronic toxicity of BDR-29, a herbal preparation of Cassiae Semen, Prunellae Spica, Tribuli Fructus, and Uncariae Rhamulus et Uncus, was examined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were treated with the test substance at a dose 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg intragastrically for 13 weeks. No death and abnormal clinical signs were observed throughout the administration period. There were not significantly different from control group in net body weight gain, food and water consumption, organ weight, gross pathological findings, and urine analysis among the groups rats treated with different doses of the BDR-29. Hematological findings and biochemical examination revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to BDR-29. From these results, no observation effect level (NOEL) of BDR-29 is 500 mg/kg/day under the condition employed in this study.