• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.626-629
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• 2004

Texture imaging, which means texture image creation by co-occurrence relation, has been known as one of useful image analysis methodologies. For this purpose, most commercial remote sensing software provides texture analysis function named GLCM (Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix). In this study, texture-imaging program for GLCM algorithm is newly implemented in the MS Visual IDE environment. While, additional texture imaging modules based on GLDV (Grey Level Difference Vector) are contained in this program. As for GLCM/GLDV texture variables, it composed of six types of second order texture function in the several quantization levels of 2(binary image), 8, and 16: Homogeneity, Dissimilarity, Energy, Entropy, Angular Second Moment, and Contrast. As for co-occurrence directionality, four directions are provided as $E-W(0^{\circ}),\;N-E(45^{\circ}),\;S-W(135^{\circ}),\;and\;N-S(90^{\circ}),$ and W-E direction is also considered in the negative direction of E- W direction. While, two direction modes are provided in this program: Omni-mode and Circular mode. Omni-mode is to compute all direction to avoid directionality problem, and circular direction is to compute texture variables by circular direction surrounding target pixel. At the second phase of this study, some examples with artificial image and actual satellite imagery are carried out to demonstrate effectiveness of texture imaging or to help texture image interpretation. As the reference, most previous studies related to texture image analysis have been used for the classification purpose, but this study aims at the creation and general uses of texture image for urban remote sensing.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2019

Background: The dramatic worldwide decline in the butterfly species Leptalina unicolor (Bremer & Grey) is largely the result of continuous habitat decline and disturbance by humans. The discovery of a narrow habitat in riverside wetlands utilized by L. unicolor raises the hope that such restricted key areas could be rather easily protected. Results: Here, we explain the environmental variables and habitat characteristics that primarily influence the distribution of L. unicolor discovered at the riverside areas along the Geum River. L. unicolor larvae were found at 9 of 13 study sites, and their abundance was strongly positively correlated with plant biomass. Our investigation showed that among four plant species (Miscanthus sinensis, Spodiopogon cotulifer, Setaria viridis, and Imperata cylindrica), L. unicolor larvae were the most abundant on the leaves of M. sinensis. They were not abundant on the leaves of S. cotulifer, S. viridis, or I. cylindrica. Interestingly, the number of L. unicolor larvae was positively correlated with the coverage area ($m^2$) of M. sinensis (F = 41.7, $r^2=0.74$, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: It appears that water (e.g., wetlands, ponds, and watersides) located along the riverside areas along the Geum River is important for the constant maintenance and conservation of L. unicolor. This is based on the habitat characteristics (water preference) of M. sinensis, which is used as a habitat by L. unicolor larvae. However, the waterside is dry and terrestrialization is in progress owing to the decreased water levels and water supply caused by an opened weir. Hereafter, this area will likely require management to secure a stable habitat for L. unicolor.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.311-320
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• 1996

어린 숭어, Mugil cephalus에 대한 저염분 해수 및 담수 사육의 가능성을 알아보기 위하여, 전장 $4.8{\pm}0.6$ cm, 체중 $1.0{\pm}0.3$ g 및 전장 $13.6{\pm}0.2$ cm, 체중 $20.0{\pm}0.5$ g의 2군을 대상으로 염분농도별 성장과 생존율을 조사하고, 산소소비량 및 피부의 두께 등을 측정하여 생리활성을 서로 비교하였다. 1, 2차 실험 모두에서 $25\~75\%SW$의 저염 분구가 성장과 생존에 있어 $100\%SW$보다 좋은 편이었다. 그러나, 단계적 순치과정을 거치지 않고 $100\%SW$로부터 $0\%SW$로의 급격한 염분변화는 어체의 성장 및 생존율을 감소시키는 요인이 되었다. 일간사료섭식률은 $25\%SW$에서 $3.6{\pm}0.8\%$로 가장 높았다. 식욕에 있어서는 $50\%SW$에서 가장 높았다. 일간성장률은 $25\%\;SW$에서 가장 좋았고 ($2.7{\pm}0.9\%$), 다음으로 $50\%SW,\;100\%SW,\;0\%SW$이 순으로 나타났다. 염분에 따른 각 실험구별 어체의 표피와 진피의 두께에는 유의차가 없었으나, 지방층은 $0\%SW$의 실험어에서 $50\%SW$ 및 $100\%SW$의 숭어 보다 유의하게 두꺼웠다. 숭어의 산소소비량은 염분농도가 감소함에 따라 유의하게 낮아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 염분농도별 숭어의 저산소 내성은 $0\%SW$에서 비교적 약한 것으로 나타났다.

• 소음진동
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.325-332
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• 1996

One of the greatest shortcoming in today's predictive maintenance program is the ability to diagnose the mechanical and electrical problems within the machine when the vibration exceeds preset overall and spectral alarm levels. In this study, auto-diagnosis system is constructed by using A/D converter to convert analog to digital singal. With this device the system analyses input signal to diagonosis machine condition. Many plots, which display machine condition, and input values of every channel are calculated in this system. If the falut is found, the system diagnoses automatically using fuzzy algorithm and trend monitoring. Prediction is also performed by the grey system theory. Operator finds out eh machine operating condition intuitively based on with personal computer CRT in using this system.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2002

Plasma Display Panel (PDP) is required to be both the determination of white point of each gray level and the inverse gamma correction since no-balanced RGB cell and linear property of PDP, respectively. However, these two methods cause degradation of grey level representation and undesirable false contour in the dark areas on PDP. In this paper, we implemented real time image processor of the proposed error diffusion algorithm and unsharp masking operation to protect the blurring image caused by the error diffusion. Experimental results showed drastic improvements of gray level representation and reduction of undesirable false contour.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.353-361
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• 1993

This study was taken to examine external changes, behavioral changes, and endocrine changes such as estradiol-17$\beta$, progesterone, T4 and T3 of female Oreochromis niloticus living in 0$\textperthousand$, 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$, and 30$\textperthousand$ salt concentrations, respectively. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows. In seawater obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows. In seawater challenge test, any fish didn't die in each group such as 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$. When fish were adapted from 0$\textperthousand$ to 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$, external body color of fish changed from dark-striped to light-grey color. At the same time, thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations significantly(P<0.05) increased, and then were at the highest level in 30 salinity. When fish were adapted from 0$\textperthousand$ to 10$\textperthousand$, feed intake of fish started from the fourth day. From 0$\textperthousand$ to 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$, estradiol-17$\beta$ levels were increased gradually. When fish was adapted from 0$\textperthousand$ to 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$, the levels of each progesterone didn't show significant change, and especially showed the lowest peak in 20$\textperthousand$. The greatest thyroxine activity(T4) was observed in 30$\textperthousand$. The levels of and triiodothyronine(T3) significantly changed in all salinities, and its level was at the highest peak in 30$\textperthousand$ salinity. Correlation coefficients between serum progesterone and triiodothyronine in 10$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$ were ＋0.677 and ＋0.843, respectively. Correlation coefficient of serum thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine(T3) individuals in 10$\textperthousand$ was ＋0.768, and ＋0.843, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.413-417
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• 2010

To understand the function of edges in perception of moving objects, we defined four questions to answer. Is the focus point in visual motion detection of a moving object: (1) the body or the edge of the object, (2) the leading edge or trailing edge of the object, (3) different in scotopic, mesopic and photopic luminance levels, or (4) different for colored objects? We measured the Optomotor Response (OMR) and Edge Triggering Response (ETR) of goldfish. We used a square and sine wave patterns with black and red stripes and a square wave pattern with black and grey stripes to generate OMR's and ETR's in the goldfish. When we used black and red stripes, the black leading edges stimulated an ETR under scotopic conditions, red leading edges stimulated an ETR under photopic conditions, and both black and red leading edges stimulated an ETR under mesopic luminance levels. For black and gray stripes, only black leading edges stimulated an ETR in all three light illumination levels. We observed less OMR and ETR results using the sine wave pattern compared to using the square wave pattern. From these results, we deduced that the goldfish tend to prefer tracking the leading edge of the pattern. The goldfish can also detect the color of the moving pattern under photopic luminance conditions. We decided that ETR is an intriguing factor in OMR, and is suitable as a method of behavioral measurement in visual system research.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1938-1962
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• 2015

Security of information during transmission is a major issue in this modern era. All of the communicating bodies want confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of their secret information. Researchers have presented various schemes to cope with these Internet security issues. In this context, both steganography and cryptography can be used effectively. However, major limitation in the existing steganographic methods is the low-quality output stego images, which consequently results in the lack of security. To cope with these issues, we present an efficient method for RGB images based on gray level modification (GLM) and multi-level encryption (MLE). The secret key and secret data is encrypted using MLE algorithm before mapping it to the grey-levels of the cover image. Then, a transposition function is applied on cover image prior to data hiding. The usage of transpose, secret key, MLE, and GLM adds four different levels of security to the proposed algorithm, making it very difficult for a malicious user to extract the original secret information. The proposed method is evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. The experimental results, compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms, show that the proposed algorithm not only enhances the quality of stego images but also provides multiple levels of security, which can significantly misguide image steganalysis and makes the attack on this algorithm more challenging.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.216-224
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• 1997

숭어, Mugil cephalus의 염분별 삼투조절 능력을 알아보기 위하여, 전장 $13.6{\pm}0.2cm$, 체중 $20.0{\pm}0.5g$ 크기의 재료를 해수 (SW)에 담수를 첨가하여 만든 $0\%SW\~100\%SW$에 수용한 다음, 60일간 사육하면서 염분별 혈액의 이온 농도와 삼투질 농도 변화를 조사하고, 아가미와 염세포의 조직학적 변화 및 근육의 수분함량을 비교하였다. $0\%SW\~25\%SW$에서 숭어 혈장의 $Na^+$와 $K^+$ 농도는 실험개시후 8일째부터 안정되었다. $0\%SW$에서의 혈장 $Cl^-$ 농도는 실험개시후 0.5일째 가장 낮았으며 2일 이후부터 안정되었다. 실험종료시에 있어서 숭어 혈장의 삼투질 농도는 저염분 일수록 낮아지는 경향을 보여, $100\%SW$부터 $0\%SW$까지 각각 340, 334, 322 및 316 mOsm/kg 수준으로 안정됨으로써, 저염분에서는 저삼투 조절을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 함께 hematocrit도 염분이 낮아짐에 따라 감소하는 경향이었다. $0\%SW\~50\%SW$에 10일째 노출된 숭어의 아가미에서는 2차새변이 손상되었으며, 특히 $0\%SW$에서는 2차새변의 박리, 유착 및 괴사 등이 관찰되었다. 그러나 손상된 아가미는 이후부터 회복되기 시작하여 사육 15일째에 정상적인 조직상을 나타냈다. 염분에 따른 각 염분구별 어체 근육의 수분함량에는 차이가 없었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.93-96
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• 2001

In this paper, we present a vision algorithm and method for input image improvement and preprocessing of dented and raised characters on the sidewall of tires. we define optical condition between reflect coefficient and reflectance by the physical vector calculate. On the contrary this work will recognize the engraved characters using the computer vision technique. Tire input images have all most same grey levels between the characters and backgrounds. The reflectance is little from a tire surface. therefore, it's very difficult segment the characters from the background. Moreover, one side of the character string is raised and the other is dented. So, the captured images are varied with the angle of camera and illumination. For optimum input images, the angle between camera and illumination was found out to be with in 90。 .In addition, We used complex filtering with low-pass and high-pass band filters to improve input images, for clear input images. Finally we define equation reflect coefficient and reflectance. By doing this, we obtained good images of tires for pattern recognition.