• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.271-279
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• 2009

The shift from a product-based to a service-based economy also caused to emission of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide and air pollution. This study investigates the environmental issues of global warming and the environment impact of greenhouse gases produced by service companies. This study proposes several environment strategies which could applied to service companies and examines the benefits and drawbacks of roles of IT to decrease greenhouse gases. This study also conducts case study for the corporate sustainability of United Parcel Service Inc. (UPS), one of the world largest logistics company.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.419-428
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• 2023

This study estimates the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from energy sector of Changwon city from 2012 to 2020 and scenario analysis of GHGs reductions pathways in the context of the goal of 2030 NDC and 2050 carbon neutral scenario in Korea. As a result, the GHG emissions as a reference year of carbon neutral in 2018 were estimated as 8,872,641 tonCO_2eq accounting for 3,851,786 tonCO_2eq (43.6%) of direct source (scope 1) and 4,975,855 tonCO_2eq (56.4%) of indirect source (scope 2). Especially, among indirect sources as purchased electricity, manufacturing sector emitted the largest GHG accounting for 33.0%(2,915 thousands tonCO_2eq) of the total emissions from all energy sectors, scenario analysis of GHG reductions potential from the energy was analyzed 8,473,614 tonCO_2eq and the residual emissions were 354,027 tonCO_2eq. Purchased electricity and industry sector reducted the largest GHG accounting for 58.7%(4,976 thousands tonCO_2eq) and 42.1%(3,565 thousands tonCO_2eq) of the total emissions from all energy sectors, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2009

In order to provide fundamental data for developing greenhouse gas emission factor, we investigated power plants in Korea using B-C oil as Energy source. The power plant is a major source of greenhouse gases among the sectors of fossil fuel combustion, thus information of its emission factors is very essential to the establishment of control strategies for the greenhouse gas emissions. The caloric value of fuel was analyzed using calorimeter and the calorific value was 10,419 kcal/kg. The $CO_2$ concentration of flue gas and elemental analysis were conducted using GC-FID and elemental analyzer. The $CO_2$ emission factors from fuel analysis was 75,410 kg/TJ and that from $CO_2$ gas analysis was 94,265 kg/TJ. When compared with IPCC values, the emission factors by the fuel analysis was 2.5% lower, and that by $CO_2$ gas analysis was about 21.85% higher.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2018

Fossil fuel combustion during fishing activities is a major contributor to climate changes in the fishing industry. The Tier1 methodology calculation and on-site continuous measurements of the greenhouse gas were carried out through the use of fuel by the coastal and offshore gillnet (blue crabs and yellow croaker) and trap (small octopus and red snow crab) fishing boats in Korea. The emission comparison results showed that the field measurements are similar to or slightly higher than the Tier1 estimates for coastal gillnet and trap. In offshore gillnet and trap fisheries, Tier1 estimate of greenhouse gases was about $1,644-13,875kg\;CO_2/L$, which was more than the field measurement value. The $CO_2$ emissions factor based on the fuel usage was $2.49-3.2kg\;CO_2/L$ for coastal fisheries and $1.46-2.24kg\;CO_2/L$ for offshore fisheries. Furthermore, GHG emissions per unit catch and the ratio of field measurement and Tier1 emission estimate were investigated. Since the total catch of coastal fish was relatively small, the emission per unit catch in coastal fisheries was four to eight times larger. The results of this study could be used to determine the baseline data for responding to changes in fisheries environment and reducing greenhouse gas emission.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2014

According to "IPCC guide line for national greenhouse gas inventories" each country should develop the 'Country-specific emission factor' and apply it to estimate greenhouse gases emissions from landfill. It could reflect properties of country and make estimation more accurate. For that accuracy, developed country-specific emission factor should be assessed and be verified consistently. Developed emission factors should be assessed in terms of Representative, Emission Property, Accuracy and Uncertainty, but there is no study about weighted assessment factors under each emission variable. This study do survey targeting public officials, professors and other experts for Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP), mostly use to make decisions, to weight assessment factors. We investigated the weighted values per Emission factor for Representative, Emission property, Accuracy and Uncertainty on AHP survey, and Representative factor was the highest, and then in the order of Emission property (0.26), Accuracy(0.22), Uncertainty (0.15).

• IE interfaces
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.317-328
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• 2009

For a comprehensive understanding of human impact on a change of the global climate, it is necessary to obtain reliable information on man-induced fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines (IPCC 1996, IPCC 2000, IPCC2006) provide the methods and procedures of estimating the national GHG emission inventories. Particularly, IPCC 2006 contains new chapter of key conceptions uncertainties, including the types of uncertainties and assessment methods of uncertainties in GHG emission inventories. In this paper, a compact and clear survey on volume 1 of IPCC 2006, which contains the general information on inventory compilation, uncertainty and guidance on the choice of methods, and QC/QA, is given with emphasis on uncertainty analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.499-509
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• 2000

Next to carbon dioxide, methane is the second largest contributor to global warming among anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Methane is emitted into the atmosphere from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources include wetlands, termites, wildries, ocean and freshwater. Anthropogenic sources include landfill, natural gas and oil production, and agriculture. These manmade sources account for about 70% of total global methane emissions; and among these, landfill accounts for approximately 10% of total manmade emissions. Solid waste landfills produce methane as bacteria decompose organic wastes under anaerobic conditions. Methane accounts for approximately 45 to 50 percent of landfill gas, while carbon dioxide and small quantities of other gases comprise the remaining to 50 to 55 percent. Using the closed enclosure technique, surface emission fluxes of methane from the selected landfill sites were measured. These data were used to estimate national methane emission rate from domestic landfills. During the three different periods, flux experiments were conducted at the sites from June 30 through December 26, 1999. The chamber technique employed for these experiments was validated in situ. Samples were collected directly by on-site flux chamber and analyzed for the variation of methane concentration by gas chromatography equipped with FID. Surface emission rates of methane were found out to vary with space and time. Significant seasonal variation was observed during the experimental period. Methane emission rates were estimated to be 64.5$\pm$54.5mgCH$_4$/$m^2$/hr from Kimpo landifll site. 357.4$\pm$68.9mgCH$_4$/$m^2$/hr and 8.1$\pm$12.4mgCH$_4$/$m^2$/hr at KwanJu(managed and unmanaged), 472.7$\pm$1056mgCH$_4$/$m^2$/hr at JonJu, and 482.4$\pm$1140 mgCH$_4$/$m^2$/hr at KunSan. These measurement data were used for the extrapolation of national methane emission rate based on 1997 national solid waste data. The results were compared to those derived by theoretical first decay model suggested by IPCC guidelines.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 2017

Methane and nitrous oxide are main greenhouse gases from agricultural system and their global warming potential are 25 and 258 times stronger than that of $CO_2$, respectively. In 2016, the emission was $21,290Gg\;tone\;CO_2-eq$. which was emitted from agriculture sector and about 3.1% of total GHG emission of Korea. Those guidelines that were published by IPCC have methodology for GHGs emission calculation as well as emission factor and so on. For recent 5 years, GHGs emissions in Korea have calculated by MRV which has been improved every year based on IPCC guidelines. Analysis as estimating method improvement showed that the methane emissions from rice cultivation were the lowest on 2012 methodology, and the highest on 2014 methodology. On the other hand, the emissions of agricultural soils were the lowest on 2015 methodology and the highest on 2012 methodology. Total emissions from agriculture sector were the lowest on 2015 methodology and the highest on 2012 methodology. Compared with 2016 methodology, the GHGs emitted as few as $-1,865Gg\;tone\;CO_2-eq$ and as many as $2,717Gg\;tone\;CO_2-eq$. GHGs emissions can vary greatly, depending on how to use the emission factor and activity data. Therefore, it need constantly a detailed analysis for methodology and GHGs emission in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.509-515
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• 2009

The aim of this study is investigated greenhouse gas emissions of glass industry, and when calculates greenhouse gas emission, using formula(Tier 3) advising in IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and using self designed formula(Tier 3+) authors of this study. Studied to propose calculation formula that can compare these two calculation results and apply to domestic. Formula of Tier 3 calculated to theoretical composition of carbonate material, And Formula of Tier 3+ calculated on the basis of chemical substance formation table that get from glass manufacture company(The S company). As a result, Dolomite, Soda ash, Limestone, Industrial Barium carbonate is calculated value of Tier 3+ lower than value of Tier 3, And Industrial Potassium carbonate, Industrial Strontium carbonate was calculated value of Tier 3 lower than value of Tier 3. This study finding, formula of Tier 3+ has higher confidence than formula of Tier 3 when consider revision about purity of injection raw material. And hereafter, When calculate greenhouse gas emissions about nonmetallic mineral industry, use of Tier 3+ is considered that should be encouraged.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 2006

Automotive exhaust is suspected to be one of the major reasons of the rapid increase in greenhouse effect gases in ambient air. As the concerns regarding global worming were increased, the pressure on mobile source greenhouse gas (GHG) emission were also increased. Carbon Dioxides contribute over 90% of total GHG emission and the mobile source occupies about 20% of this $CO_2$ emission. In this study, in order to investigate $CO_2$ emission characteristics from gasoline and LPG passenger cars (PC), which is the most dominant vehicle type in Korea, 53 vehicles were tested on the chassis dynamometer. $CO_2$ emissions and fuel consumption efficiency were measured. The emission characteristics by fuel type, model year, mileage, vehicle speed and transmission type were also discussed. Test modes used in this study were NIER 10 modes and CVS-75 mode, which have been used for developing emission factors and testing new vehicles respectively. The results of this study showed that the main factors which have significant influences on the $CO_2$ emissions are fuel type, transmission type, displacement of vehicle and mileage. The correlation between $CO_2$ emission and FE was also determined by comparing $CO_2$ emission and fuel consumption efficiency. The overall results of this study will greatly contribute to domestic greenhouse gas emissions calculation and designing national strategies for climate change.