• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.93-127
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• 2011

Investment on technology to obtain green energy is prevailing all over the world. The technology development project is more likely to involve multiple sub-projects, each of which is related to develop elementary technology when the project is larger and nation-wide. However, the methodologies identifying optimal combination of elementary technologies among the candidates have been very few. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a novel methodology which provides an optimal combination of green energy technologies. To do so, to-be developed technologies are clustered with multiple categories. Among the technologies, based on Delphi method, the experts select a representative technology, which is indispensible to the green energy system and has the highest connectivity with other elementary technologies. Then the methodology selects an elementary technology from each technology category based on two metrics: Relatedness with representative technology and project risk. To show the feasibility of the proposed methodology, we applied the methodology to an actual windmill development project.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1339-1347
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of green tea probiotics on growth performance, meat quality and immune response in finishing pigs, and to assess the possibility of substituting green tea probiotics for antibiotics in diets of finishing pigs. This green tea probiotics is made by mixing green tea powder and excipients (defatted rice bran and wheat bran) and fermenting the mixture with beneficial bacteria. A total of 90 crossbreed "Landrace$\times$Yorkshire" finishing pigs with an average body weight of $72.5{\pm}2.5kg$ were assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had 3 replications with 6 pigs per replication. The five dietary treatments were control, antibiotic (0.003% chlortetracycline added) and 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% of green tea probiotics. There were no significant differences in final body weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio in the green tea probiotics and antibiotic treatments (p>0.05). Crude protein content was significantly increased in the 0.1 and 1.0% green tea probiotics treatment groups (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference in crude fat content of the meat among the treatments. The TBA value of meat was significantly lowered with 0.5 and 1.0% green tea probiotics treatments compared to that of controls and statistically similar to the antibiotic treatment after 3 weeks of storage (p<0.05). The growth of spleen cells stimulated with Con A (0.1 and $1.0{\mu}g/ml$) was significantly increased with 1.0% green tea probiotics treatment compared to that of the control treatment (p<0.05). The growth of spleen cells stimulated with LPS (1.0, 3.0 and $10{\mu}g/ml$) was significantly increased in the 0.5% green tea probiotics group compared to the antibiotic group (p<0.05). In Con A ($1.0{\mu}g/ml$) medium, IL-6 production of spleen cells was significantly increased with 1.0% green tea probiotics treatment compared to that of the control (p<0.05). In LPS ($10.0{\mu}g/ml$) medium, TNF-${\alpha}$ production of spleen cells increased significantly in all green tea probiotics treatment groups compared to that of the control (p<0.05). Finally it can be summarized that addition of green tea probiotic has a positive effect similar to antibiotic and 0.5% is the suitable dietary supplementation dose for finishing pig production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2011

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Yukwa prepared by addition of green tea powder on change of lipid composition and body weight in mouse model. Mice were fed with Yukwa containing the five different types of green tea powders such as Bucho-cha, Okro-cha, Yongjeong-cha, Oolong-cha and Hong-cha with a normal diet. Body weight changes of Yukwa fed mice were measured once in a week for seven weeks. After seven weeks, mice were sacrificed and serum and tissues were collected for the following: adipose tissue weight, liver morphology, adipose tissue size and cholesterol content. The Yukwa combination with green tea fed mice reduced all the parameters compared to Yukwa alone fed mice. In conclusion combination with green tea showed reducing effect of hypocholesterolemia, which suggests the possibility of application to green tea as a food ingredient.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.63-68
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• 2006

There are $10{\sim}30%$ polyphenol and $2{\sim}4%$ caffeine in green tea. Caffeine is a kind of alkaloid containing nitrogen which cause stimulation, impatience, headache, insomnia, low birth weight infant. Because of these negative effect, decaffeined beverage came out and decaffeined coffee already have a big market since 1970s. Having proving the physiologic functions of green tea, high consumption of coffee is shifting to green tea. Because of the carcinogenic effect of the organic solvents, decaffeine processing with supercritical carbon dioxide has industrialized and have an advantage in environment-friendly and minimized flavor loss. Decaffeined green tea using supercritical carbon dioxide is considered to be safe but there are not enough study, We investigated the chromosome aberration test with mammalian cell line, CHL. When the cells were treated with 5000, 2000, 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ and compared with the negative controls, there were no significant (P>0.05) increased chromosome aberration. Same results was observed when adding S9 mixture or not. As a result, water extract of decaffeined green tea using supercritical carbon dioxide does not induce chromosome aberration.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.565-572
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• 2020

This study developed a software platform using machine learning of artificial intelligence to optimize the distillation column system. The distillation column is representative and core process in the petrochemical industry. Process stabilization is difficult due to various operating conditions and continuous process characteristics, and differences in process efficiency occur depending on operator skill. The process control based on the theoretical simulation was used to overcome this problem, but it has a limitation which it can't apply to complex processes and real-time systems. This study aims to develop an empirical simulation model based on machine learning and to suggest an optimal process operation method. The development of empirical simulations involves collecting big data from the actual process, feature extraction through data mining, and representative algorithm for the chemical process. Finally, the platform for the distillation column was developed with verification through a developed model and field tests. Through the developed platform, it is possible to predict the operating parameters and provided optimal operating conditions to achieve efficient process control. This study is the basic study applying the artificial intelligence machine learning technique for the chemical process. After application on a wide variety of processes and it can be utilized to the cornerstone of the smart factory of the industry 4.0.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.240-249
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• 2011

The potential of juglone a plant naphthoquinone as a natural herbicide on new target, 7-keto-8-amino pelargonic acid synthetase (KAPAS) in the early step of biotin biosynthesis pathway, was performed in vitro and in vivo. Juglone effectively inhibited KAPAS activities in vitro and the $IC_{50}$ was $9.5{\mu}M$. Foliar application of juglone showed very good herbicidal activity to the eight-tested weed species. Among them, Solanum nigrum was completely controlled at a concentration of $250{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ with main symptoms of desiccation or burndown. Digitaria sanguinalis and Aeschynomene indica were also sensitive to juglone treatment. All eight weed species were controlled by 90~100% at a concentration of $500{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$. However, soil application of juglone to Digitaria sanguinalis did not show any herbicidal symptoms. Cellular leakage from cucumber leaf squares treated with juglone increased depending on the concentrations increased from 6.25 to $100{\mu}M$ after 24 hours incubation with or without light. However, chlorophyll loss in cucumber leaf squares was negligible. Biotin supplements significantly rescued the inhibition of germination rate of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds previously inhibited by the juglone. Our results suggest that the juglone is a possible environmental friendly herbicide candidate with a new target KAPAS inhibiting activity.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.119-124
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• 2006

There are $10{\sim}30%$ polyphenol and $2{\sim}4%$ caffeine in green tea. Caffeine is a kind of alkaloid containing nitrogen which cause stimulation, impatience, headache, insomnia, low birth weight infant. Because of these negative effect, decaffeined beverage came out and decaffeined coffee already have a big market since 1970s. Having proving the physiologic functions of green tea, high consumption of coffee is shifting to green tea. Because of the carcinogenic effect of the organic solvents, decaffeine processing with supercritical carbon dioxide has industrialized and have an advantage in environment-friendly and minimized flavor loss. Decaffeined green tea using supercritical carbon dioxide is considered to be safe but there are not enough study. We investigated the chromosome aberration test with mammalian cell line, CHL. When the cells were treated with 5000, 2000, 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ and compared with the negative controls, there were no significant(P>0.05) increased chromosome aberration. Same results was observed when adding S9 mixture or not. As a result, water extract of decaffeined green tea using supercritical carbon dioxide does not induce chromosome aberration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2024

To achieve carbon neutrality and restore the national environment, there is growing interest in policies to transform national land areas into green space, such as expanding nature-based solutions, increasing biodiversity, and improving ecosystem service functions. In addition to complying with international agreements such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity, it is necessary to expand green spaces to achieve the 2050 Carbon Neutrality goal, which can be achieved by restoring the damaged land in an ecological way. However, it is challenging to implement green restoration in a systematic and active way due to conflicts of interest among landowners and lack of institutional support and advanced technology. Therefore, this study aims to develop a strategy to expand green restoration and implement it smoothly and systematically. This study examined the current status of green restoration in South Korea by investigating green restoration laws and systems and overseas trends, and by surveying the perceptions of 1,000 people selected from a pool of the public. The results of this study show that it is difficult to implement the green restoration efficiently because the laws related to restoration are scattered. According to the relevant legal plans, the perception and direction of restoration is to pursue a sustainable national land environment, allow people to benefit from nature, improve the quality of life, and nurture related industries and human resources. In the international community, it is mentioned that green restoration contributes to achieving the 2050 Carbon Neutrality goal, revitalizing green industries, developing and applying advanced technologies, maintaining consistency in restoration-related policies, expanding citizens' access to green spaces, and adopting nature-based solutions. Both experts and the public are aware of the seriousness of the damage to the natural environment and prefer restoration with human use rather than focusing on natural recovery. It is expected that this study will contribute to the future direction of green restoration and the implementation of tasks for the sustainable restoration of the national land environment and the zero-carbon era.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.2029-2035
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• 2013

The impact of phosphorous (P)-doping on the electrochemical performance and surface chemistry of soft carbon is investigated by means of galvanostatic cycling and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). P-doping plays an important role in storing more Li ions and discernibly improves reversible capacity. However, the discharge capacity retention of P-doped soft carbon electrodes deteriorated at $60^{\circ}C$ compared to non-doped soft carbon. This poor capacity retention could be improved by vinylene carbonate (VC) participating in forming a protective interfacial chemistry on soft carbon. In addition, the effect of P-doping on exothermic thermal reactions of lithiated soft carbon with electrolyte solution is discussed on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 2015

Recently, flood has been increased due to climate change resulting in numerous damages for humans and properties. The main objective of this study was to suggest a methodology to estimate the flood vulnerability using Potential Flood Damage (PFD) concept. To evaluate the PFD at a spatial resolutions of city/county units, the 19 representative evaluation indexing factors were carefully selected for the three categories such as damage target ($F_{DT}$), damage potential ($F_{DP}$) and prevention ability ($F_{PA}$). The three flood vulnerability indices of $F_{DT}$, $F_{DP}$ and $F_{PA}$ were applied for the 162 cities and counties in Korea for the pattern classification of potential flood damage. It is expected that the supposed PFD can be utilized as the useful flood vulnerability index for more rational and practical protection plans against flood damage.