• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.114-125
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• 2024

Wetlands in the living area are important ecological resources that are the basis for the daily life or farming activities of local residents, and have high ecological value such as ecosystem services and green infrastructure. This study was carried out to develop a functional evaluation methodology optimized for small-scale wetlands(RAMS). Based on on-site evaluation by experts, surveys and in-depth interviews, four functional items, including biodiversity, health, hydrophilic culture and ecology, water circulation, and carbon absorption, and 15 detailed indicators, and the evaluation grade for each detailed indicator, were developed on a 5-point scale. The evaluation methodology optimized for small-scale living areas wetlands (RAMS) proposed as a result of this study can be used as basic data for conservation and restoration and management of small-scale living areas wetlands at home and abroad.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.121-132
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• 2021

Green facade has a significant impact on building's energy performance by controlling the absorption of solar radiation and improving outdoor thermal comfort through shading and evapotranspiration. In particular, since high-density building does not enough green space, green facade, and rooftop greening using artificial ground plants are highly utilized. However, the level of cooling effect according to plant traits and irrigation control is different. Therefore, in this study, the cooling effect analyzed for a total of 4 cases by controlling the irrigation condition based on hedera and spurge. Although hedera under sufficient water had the highest cooling effect(-2℃~-4℃), had the lowest cooling effect under non-irrigation(+1.1℃~+4.4℃). In addition, hedera under sufficient water had cooling effect than hedera under non-irrigation(-1℃~-8.1℃) and in the case of spurge, it had cooling effect(-0.3℃~-7.8℃) more than non-irrigation. As a result of measuring the amount of transpiration according to the light intensity (PAR) and carbon dioxide concentration conditions, transpiration of hedera was higher than the spurge (respectively 0.63204mmolm^-2s^-1, 0.674367mmolm^-2s^-1). The difference in the cooling effect of the green facade under irrigation condition was significant. But the potential cooling effect of green facade according to plants species was different. Therefore, in order to maximize and continuously provide the cooling effect of green facade in urban areas, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of plants and the control of water supply through the irrigation system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.21-38
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• 2024

This study aims to establish an efficient street green area to improve the urban thermal environment and enhance pedestrian thermal comfort. Specifically, This study identified parameters applicable to green space planning and design, analyzed thermal environment mitigation mechanisms for each parameter, and, based on these findings, proposed methods for tree species selection and planting in green space planning and design. To achieve this, 61 papers were selected through a four-stage process from both domestic and foreign sources. The selected papers were analyzed, and the following main results were derived: In open street canyons with high stress levels due to low aspect ratios and high sky view factors(SVF), broadleaf trees with wide crown widths, low trunk heights, high leaf area index(LAI), and high crown heights were found effective in reducing heat, thereby increasing the amount and quality of shade. In contrast, in deep and narrow street canyons with relatively low heat stress due to high aspect ratios and low SVF, broad-leaved trees with narrow crown widths, high trunks, low crown heights, and low LAI were effective in reducing heat by enhancing ventilation. This study can serve as fundamental data for establishing standards for street green spaces to improve the thermal environment of street canyons and enhance thermal comfort of pedestrians. Additionally, it can be valuable when selecting the location and prioritizing street green spaces. Moreover, it is anticipated to be a foundational resource for creating guidelines for green space planning and design in response to climate change.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.135-146
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• 2009

Urban forest area in South Korea has been increased up to 20.8% of national land as of 2007 by the mergence of municipalities and counties. The rate of park and green tract among urban forest averages out to about 4% nationally but the Capital, Seoul, almost 105% level, not easy to split the two. Park and green has positive management system because of its infrastructure attribute and relevant security obligation standard while urban forest left alone with no such concerns. The most important reason of the negligence comes from institutional inertia although it is possible to be managed functionally by forest laws as like forests of park, landscape, wind and noise protection, and timber product. As a results, it reaches below than 92.64% of the national average level of the timber stockpile especially in the metropolitan areas and loses broad acres rapidly due to the easy conversion system to the urban land usage. Therefore, there must be required some alternative methodologies to conserve and foster it. The paper proposes the four urban forest management types and their control methods. The four types divide into conservation, foster, development, and reservation ones. Also it suggests the five furtherance tract types with the combination among the four earlier types, optionally having one of the six aim climaxes and recommends the standardization of operation design. The total green quantity index of urban forest also suggested by the weight method according to location and DBH class. The case study of the suggested model was executed on the Daejon Metropolitan area and its index calculated as 110.4% level compared with the acreage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2004

The Yatomi - Aioiyama line is a city-planning road that was notified in 1957 and subsequently prepared by land readjustments. Currently, approximately 900m of road pass in the inside of the Aioiyama green area has not been constructed. The surveying briefing session for inhabitants was held in July 1992, the project was authorized by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in September 1993, and the project briefing session for inhabitants was held in September 1993. The site purchase has been completed. At the May 2000 briefing session, inhabitants of the area began voicing dissenting demanding the conservation of the natural environment of this green area. The inspector system serves as the third party, independent of both the administration and the inhabitants. Before finalizing the geometric line form of the road to be constructed, some surveys of animals and plants found along the walking trails carried out intensively in the northern area, which is approximately 50 ha, of the Aioiyama green area. The natural environment inspector submitted a plan for changing the geometric line form of the road decided upon by city planning, and it was approved by the city planning council. If the shelter structure or the retaining wall structure is adopted at the location where large slope faces are produced by excavation or landfill, and if the bridge structure is adopted at the place where stream-lines and walking trails intersect, it leads to a reduction of approximately $40\%$ in the areas for which change is planned. Furthermore, approximately $20\%$ of the area to be changed is restored by returning soil to the roof of the shelter.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Subway systems have been a proved method of public transport and are widely used in major cities around the world. However, the time and cost it takes to construct such systems are very high, as it requires underground tunnels. Cities in various countries have implemented monorail systems as public railway transport as it can be more economical and quicker compared to subway systems in terms of construction. In addition, it provides more convenience towards the public as it is not affected to traffic, and also provides an aerial view of the city. However, the overall construction cost for monorail systems is still significantly high, and as a possible solution to further reduce the overall cost, implementation of ground-level stations and wireless power transfer technology has been proposed in this paper. A concept application layout of ground-level stations and wireless power transfer systems has been discussed, using the Daegu monorail Line 3 system as a simulation base. The expected cost for monorail systems implementing ground-level stations and/or wireless power transfer technology has been estimated based on literature survey, and was compared with the current construction cost of Daegu monorail system. Based on comparison, it has shown that implementation of ground-level stations are the most economical, and can be easily implemented for either starting or expanding the monorail line. Implementation of wireless power transfer technology is also economical, but is more feasible when starting a new monorail line as it requires components which will alter the configuration of the train and infrastructure.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.196-202
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• 2020

Rye, whole-crop barley and Italian Ryegrass are major winter forage species in Korea, and yield monitoring of winter forage species is important to improve forage productivity by precision management of forage. Forage monitoring using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has offered cost effective and real-time applications for site-specific data collection. To monitor forage crop by multispectral camera with UAV, we tested four types of vegetation index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI, Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; GNDVI, Normalized Green Red Difference Index; NGRDI and Normalized Difference Red Edge Index; NDREI). Field measurements were conducted on paddy field at Naju City, Jeollanam-do, Korea between February to April 2019. Aerial photos were obtained by an UAV system and NDVI, GNDVI, NGRDI and NDREI were calculated from aerial photos. About rye, whole-crop barley and Italian Ryegrass, regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between dry matter and NDVI were 0.91~0.92, GNDVI were 0.92~0.94, NGRDI were 0.71~0.85 and NDREI were 0.84~0.91. Therefore, GNDVI were the best effective vegetation index to predict dry matter of rye, wholecrop barley and Italian Ryegrass by UAV system.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport has been promoting strengthening energy efficiency of old buildings through public green building remodeling projects since 2020. Green remodeling includes both essential and optional construction of passive and active elements. However, there is a lack of integrated designs of passive and active systems and no standards for prioritizing these systems according to the building's age. Therefore, this study examined six public libraries in central region 2 that were expected to be high energy consuming. Remodeling strategy priorities were selected based on potential energy reduction. The libraries were divided into three groups based on their year of construction, completed in the 1980s (Model 1), 1990s (Model 2), and 2000s (Model 3). ECO2-OD, based on ISO 13790 and DINV 18599, was used as the primary energy consumption analysis tool. Simulation results indicated Model 1 and Model 2 benefited most from higher insulation and replacement of mechanical equipment. Model 3 benefited most from upgrading to more energy efficient windows.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2014

This study was intended to reliably predict the traffic green house gas emission in Daegu with the use of spatial statistical technique and calculate the traffic green house gas emission of each administrative district on the basis of the accurately predicted emission. First, with the use of the traffic actually surveyed at a traffic observation point, and traffic green house gas emission was calculated. Secondly, on the basis of the calculation, and with the use of Universal Kriging technique, this researcher set a suitable variogram modeling to accurately and reliably predict the green house gas emission at non-observation point suitable through spatial correlation, and then performed cross validation to prove the validity of the proper variogram modeling and Kriging technique. Thirdly, with the use of the validated kriging technique, traffic green gas emission was visualized, and its distribution features were analyzed to predict and calculate the traffic green house gas emission of each administrative district. As a result, regarding the traffic green house gas emission of each administration, it was found that Bukgu had the highest green house gas emission of $291,878,020kgCO_2eq/yr$.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.191-204
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• 2010

Recently, the CO2 emission and energy consumption have become critical global issues to decide the future of nations. Especially, the spread of IT products and the increased use of internet and web applications result in the energy consumption and CO2 emission of IT industry though information technologies drive global economic growth. EU, the United States, Japan and other developed countries are using IT related environmental regulations such as WEEE(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), RoHS(Restriction of the use of Certain Hazardous Substance), REACH(Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of CHemicals) and EuP(Energy using Product), and have established systematic green business/IT strategies to enhance the competitiveness of IT industry. For example, the Japan government proposed the "Green IT initiative" for being compatible with economic growth and environmental protection. Not only energy saving technologies but energy saving systems have been developed for accomplishing sustainable development. Korea's CO2 emission and energy consumption continuously have grown at comparatively high rates. They are related to its industrial structure depending on high energy-consuming industries such as iron and steel Industry, automotive industry, shipbuilding industry, semiconductor industry, and so on. In particular, export proportion of IT manufacturing is quite high in Korea. For example, the global market share of the semiconductor such as DRAM was about 80% in 2008. Accordingly, Korea needs to establish a systematic strategy to respond to the global environmental regulations and to maintain competitiveness in the IT industry. However, green competitiveness of Korea ranked 11th among 15 major countries and R&D budget for green technology is not large enough to develop energy-saving technologies for infrastructure and value chain of low-carbon society though that grows at high rates. Moreover, there are no concrete action plans in Korea. This research aims to deduce the priorities of the Korean green business/IT strategies to use multi attribute weighted average method. We selected a panel of 19 experts who work at the green business related firms such as HP, IBM, Fujitsu and so on, and selected six assessment indices such as the urgency of the technology development, the technology gap between Korea and the developed countries, the effect of import substitution, the spillover effect of technology, the market growth, and the export potential of the package or stand-alone products by existing literature review. We submitted questionnaires at approximately weekly intervals to them for priorities of the green business/IT strategies. The strategies broadly classify as follows. The first strategy which consists of the green business/IT policy and standardization, process and performance management and IT industry and legislative alignment relates to government's role in the green economy. The second strategy relates to IT to support environment sustainability such as the travel and ways of working management, printer output and recycling, intelligent building, printer rationalization and collaboration and connectivity. The last strategy relates to green IT systems, services and usage such as the data center consolidation and energy management, hardware recycle decommission, server and storage virtualization, device power management, and service supplier management. All the questionnaires were assessed via a five-point Likert scale ranging from "very little" to "very large." Our findings show that the IT to support environment sustainability is prior to the other strategies. In detail, the green business /IT policy and standardization is the most important in the government's role. The strategies of intelligent building and the travel and ways of working management are prior to the others for supporting environment sustainability. Finally, the strategies for the data center consolidation and energy management and server and storage virtualization have the huge influence for green IT systems, services and usage This research results the following implications. The amount of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of IT equipment including electrical business equipment will need to be clearly indicated in order to manage the effect of green business/IT strategy. And it is necessary to develop tools that measure the performance of green business/IT by each step. Additionally, intelligent building could grow up in energy-saving, growth of low carbon and related industries together. It is necessary to expand the affect of virtualization though adjusting and controlling the relationship between the management teams.