• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2010

Soybean seeds contain many biologically active secondary metabolites, such as proteins, saponins, isoflavones, phytic acids, trypsin inhibitors and phytosterols. Among them, saponins in soybeans have attracted considerable interest because of their health benefits. Soyasaponin A and B are the most abundant types of saponins found in soybeans along with soyasapogenol (aglycone), which is a precursor of soyasaponin. The main purpose of this experiment was to determine the concentration of soyasapogenol in soybean seeds and sprouts as a function of seed size, usage, seed coat color and seed cotyledon color. The 79 Korean soybean varieties were cultivated at Yesan of Chungnam in 2006 for the analysis of soyasapogenol using HPLC with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD). The total average concentration of soyasapogenol was $1313.52{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ in soybean seeds and $1377.22{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ in soybean sprouts. Soybean sprouts were about 5% higher than soybean seeds in average total soyasapogenol concentration. In the process of sprouting, the average soyasapogenol A content decreased by approximately 1.6%, but soyasapogenol B and total soyasapogenol increased by 8.31% and 4.88%, based on the content of soybean seeds. When classified according to the size of seeds, the total soyasapogenol concentration of soybean seeds were not significantly different (p<0.05) On average, small soybean seeds were increased by as much as $103.14{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ in sprouting process. As a function of the use of the seeds, The total soyasapogenol in soybean seeds were significantly different (p<0.05). While, the soybean sprouts were not significant different (p<0.05). Altogether, sprout soybean seeds show the greatest change in content during the germination process. When seeds with different coat colors were compared, the total soyasapogenol concentration of soybean with yellow seed coats ($1357.30\mu g\;g^{1}$) was slightly higher than that of soybean with black ($1260.30{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) or brown ($1263.62{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) seed coats. For the color of the cotyledon, the total soyasapogenol concentration was significantly increased in green cotyledon during the germination and seedling process. The results of this study suggest the functional characteristics of soybeans through quantitative analysis of soyasapogenol. In addition, the concentration of soyasapogenol exhibited a change during the germination process, which was evaluated by the nutritional value of the soybean sprouts.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.13-13
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• 2019

Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr) is commonly consumed and found in major foods including soymilk, soy sauce, tofu, and soy sprout in Korea and east Asia. In addition, it is common to cook the whole seeds with rice. Soybean is known to have ranges of health benefits including antiaging, anticancer, neuroprotective and antidiabetic taken either as supplement or dietary food. Anthocyanins and flavonoids in G. max are found to be the main contributors to such wide arrays of health benefits. Due to increasing economic values of soybean, development of specialty soybean cultivars is becoming an area of interest worldwide. In this study, 746 black soybean accessions from National Agrobiodiversity Center were characterized as part of an attempt to identify important germplasms of G. max. Seed coats of each accession were analyzed for their total anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-O-Glucoside (C-3-O-G), delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (D-3-O-G), petunidin-3-O-glucoside (Pt-3-O-G), and their whole seeds for crude protein contents. HPLC was used to determine and quantify the anthocyanin compositions while crude protein was determined using Kjeldahl method by Kjeltec auto-analyzer (Kjeltec 8400, Foss, Sweden). Accessions were grouped according to their anthocyanins and protein contents; the mean content of which were correlated to agronomic traits including maturity date, one hundred seed weight, cotyledon color and seed lust color. The results indicated that the total anthocyanin content (TAC) ranged from 273.77 to 6250.52 mg/100 g, with mean value of 1853.03 mg/100 g while the crude protein content (CPC) being between 33.43 and 47.51%, with mean value of 40.81%. The highest number of accessions (45.97%) showed TAC between 1000~1900 mg/100 g while 30.96% of accessions showed CPC between 41~43%. Among the 746 accessions considered, 11 (IT142935, 175818, 175855, 177191, 177209, 177211, 177214, 177216, 177218, 177220, 177274) of them showed TAC above 4000 mg/100 g. C-3-O-G was found to be the major contributor to TAC showing strong correlation. Accessions with green cotyledon color showed high mean TAC compared to those having yellow cotyledon color, and accessions with dull seed lust color showed high mean TAC than those having shiny seed lust color. One hundred seeds weight and maturity date showed positive correlation with all anthocyanin contents, except for Pt-3-O-G in the latter case. The overall result of the present study could be used as background for developing new black soybean cultivars and breeds with high anthocyanin and protein contents. The result depicted that many of the accessions could be used as potential parental lines.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.452-458
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• 1997

용도의 다양화로 수요가 증가하고 있는 검정콩의 우량 품종육성을 위한 유전자원으로 활용코자 수집 선발한 재래검정콩 28계통의 종실크기에 따른 형태, 수분흡수성 및 알칼리 붕괴도의 특성을 조사하였던 바 그 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 종실의 크기별 수분흡수는 5, 2$0^{\circ}C$의 낮은 온도에서는 소립종에서 낮았고 40, 6$0^{\circ}C$의 높은 온도에서는 소립, 중립, 대립종간 차이가 없었다. 2. 검정콩의 수분흡수는 종실 크기에 따른 차이는 없었으며, 침지온도 2$0^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 10시간 이후에, 4$0^{\circ}C$에서는 10시간, 6$0^{\circ}C$에서는 4시간 정도에서 평형상태에 도달하였다. 3. 100립중은 종실의 길이, 폭, 두께와는 각각 고도의 유의한 정의 상관을 나타내었으며, 그 중 종실폭과 상관이 가장 높았다. 4. 알칼리 붕괴도는 입중이 무거울수록 높았으며, 100립중, 종실길이, 종실폭, 종실두께, 종실배꼽 길이와는 각각 고도의 유의한 정의 상관을 나타내었다. 5. 알칼리 붕괴도는 녹색 자염계통이 황색 자엽계통보다 높았다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 1987

고추 종자에서 Colletotrichum acutatum, C. coccodes, C.dematium 및 C. gloeosporioides 등 4종의 탄저병균(炭疽病菌)이 검출(檢出)되었다. 그중 C.dematium과 C.gloeosporioides가 높은 비율(比率)로 검출(檢出)되었으며, 감염율(感染率)이 높은 종자시료(種子試料)는 각각(各各) 최고 84% 및 28%의 감염율(感染率)을 나타내었다. 반면에 C.acutatum과 C.coccodes는 각각 1개의 종자 시료(試料)에서 1% 및 2%의 낮은 비율(比率)로 검출(檢出)되었다. 표준습지법(標準濕紙法)이 냉동습지법(冷凍濕紙法)이나 한천배지배양법(培地培養法)에 비하여 종자상의 탄저병균(炭疽病菌) 검출(檢出)에 효과적(效果的)이었다. C.dematium과 C. gloeosporioides의 종자내 감염부위(感染部位)를 조사(調査)하였던 바, 종피(種皮)뿐 아니라 종자내 깊숙이 배유(胚乳)와 자엽(子葉)에 까지 감염(感染)되어 있음이 확인되었으나 종피(種皮) 감염율(感染率)이 높았다. C.dematium과 C.gloeosporioides 감염종자(感染種子)를 한천배지와 살균토양에 옮겨 발아율과 유묘생육상황(幼苗生育狀況)을 조사한 결과, 감염종자(感染種子)는 종자부패(種子腐敗), 모잘록, 유묘고사(幼苗枯死) 및 자엽(子葉)과 하배축(下胚軸)의 변색(變色)을 초래하였다. 접종실험(接種實驗) 결과 C.acutatum은 고추의 적과(赤果)에 병원성(病原性)이 있었고 C.coccodes는 고추 적과(赤果)에 강한 병원성(病原性)이, 고추 잎에 약한 병원성(病原性)이 있었다. C.dematium은 고추 잎과 청과(靑果)에 강한 병원성(病原性)이 있었고, C.gloeosporioides 는 고추 잎과 청과(靑果) 및 적과(赤果)에 병원성이 있었다. 이들 4종의 종자전염성(種子傳染性) 탄저병균(炭疽病菌)의 고추 이외의 다른 작물(作物)에 대한 병원성도 조사하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 동결채소의 저장 중 품질 변화를 측정하여 동결채소의 장기저장 가능성과 이용 가능성을 모색해 보고자 하였다. 수확직후 여러 가지 채소는 선행실험을 통한 최적 조건에서 blanching 처리한 후 $-40^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 동안 급속동결시켜 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 분석하였다. 동결시킨 취나물, 콩나물, 얼갈이배추, 애호박 및 대파는 저장 기간 12개월 동안 색도의 증가와 감소가 크게 나타나지 않았다. 취나물, 애호박 및 대파의 경도는 저장기간 동안 비슷한 수준을 유지하였고, 얼갈이배추는 약간 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 반면에 콩나물의 자엽부와 배축부는 저장 6개월째에 경도가 큰 폭으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 저장기간 동안 취나물의 총균수는 $10^3$ CFU/g 수준을 콩나물, 얼갈이배추, 애호박 및 대파는 $10^2$ CFU/g 수준을 유지하였으며, 대장균군은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 관능검사는 외관, 색, 이취, 조직감 그리고 맛 등의 전반적인 품질 요소들을 종합하여 전체기호도를 조사한 결과 5점을 marketable의 한계점으로 두었을 때 저장기간에 따른 동결채소의 상품성에는 큰 문제가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 동결 취나물, 콩나물, 얼갈이배추, 애호박 및 대파는 동결저장 12개월까지 저장 안전성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 1994년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES Korean Society of Plant Pathology
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• pp.27-49
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• 1994

Root colonization of biocontrol agents via seed treatment was investigated and a compatible combination, Gliocladium virens G872B and Pseudomonas putida Pf3, in colonizing cucumber rhizosphere was confirmed through the study. Much higher number of fungal and bacterial propagules were detected when two isolates were inoculated together. The presence of Pf3 in root system was greatly helpful to G872B to colonize at root tip. The mechanism of this phenomenon is partially elucidated through the results of in vitro experiments and the observations of scanning electron and fluorescence microscope. Addition of Pf3 cells resulted earlier germination of G872B conidia and increased mycelial growth. And the more number of germinated conidia on seed coat, the more vigorous hypal streching and sporulation on the root surface were observed in coinoculated treatment. The propagules of G872B on the cucumber root when they were challenged against the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, were even higher than that of G872B treated alone, and the magnitude of such a difference was getting grater toward the root ip and the population of F. oxysporum on the root was reduced by seed inoculation of G872B. The rhizosphere competence was obviously reflected to disease suppression and plant growth promotion that induced by the given isolate. Green house experiments revealed that the combined treatment provided long-term disease suppression with greater rate and the larger amount of fruit yield than single treatments. Through this study the low temperature growing Pseudomonas fluorescens M45 and MC07 were evaluated to apply them to the winter crops in field or plastic film house. In vitro tests reveal that M45 and MC07 inhibited the mycelial growth of Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctona solani and Phytophthora capsici and enhanced growth of cucumber cotyledon in MS agar. This effect was more pronounced when the bacteria were incubated at 14$^{\circ}C$ than at 27$^{\circ}C$. And disease suppression and plant growth promotion in green house were also superior at low temperature condition. Seed treatment of M45 or soil treatment of MC07 brought successful control of damping-off and enhanced seedling growth of cucumber. The combined treatment of two isolates was more effective than any single treatment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1992

Structural changes of the endosperm of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer from fertilization to germination were investigated by light microscope. The endosperm of the ginseng seed is cellular type. Since endosperm cells adjacent embryo continuously breakdown and disappear with the elongation of embryo, the real of endosperm is gradually decreased. As the anatropous ovules of immature seed with green seed coat developes more and more, ovary cells adjacent ovary cavity become abundant by the periclinal division, their size is decreased, hypotrophy of cell wall discern, and they are gradually differentiated in seed coat. Though embryo responds strongly to basic dye at the stage of completion of endosperm formation, tissue of endosperm responds to acidic dye positively Cell wall of embryo and endosperm are composed of primary cell wall not lignified. Endosperm cells adjacent embryo begin to breakdown in the endosperm tissue of indehiscent seed before the beginning of the after-ripening. Dehiscent seed of which seed coat is opened through after-ripening represent the form as a seedling in the result of embryo developments with the formation of organs; radicle, cotyledon, plumule. Umbilifom layer represents strong positive response to the toluidine blue and the basic function. Umbiliform layer that endosperm cells breakdown and disappear is observed clearly at the periphery of the embryo cotylemon, while slightly at the periphery of the radicle.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2018

국내에서 육성된 자색배축을 나타내는 품종들의 콩나물 재배시 자색 발현을 조사하고 자색의 배축발현에 관련된 재배요인을 구명하여 자색배축 콩나물 품종을 콩나물 원료콩으로 확대하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시험을 실시하였다. 이에 배축색과 꽃색이 모두 자색인 콩나물 콩 15품종을 콩나물 재배기에서 재배하면서 콩나물 배축의 자색발현 정도를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 다채, 명주나물콩, 소백나물콩, 소진나물콩, 안평 및 조남 등 6품종은 자색이 발현이 되지 않았으나, 소원콩, 원황, 신화, 은하콩, 풍산나물콩, 팔도나물콩, 광안, 신강 및 장기 등 9품종은 자색이 발현되었다. 재배온도, 재배기간, 관수온도가 자색발현에 고도로 유의한 요인으로 작용하였고, 이들 간의 상호작용 효과도 통계적으로 고도로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 콩나물 배축의 자색발현은 콩나물 재배환경에 영향을 받는 것으로 조사되었다. 재배온도에 따른 자색발현 개체비율은 재배온도 $17^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$에서 32.4~34.2%의 비율을 보인 반면 $26^{\circ}C$에서는 17.2% 만이 자색을 나타내어, 재배온도가 제일 높은 시험구에서 자색발현이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 관수온도에 따른 자색발현 개체비율은 관수온도가 제일 낮은 $10^{\circ}C$에서 36%로 가장 많은 개체비율을 보였다. 그리고 관수온도가 높아질수록 자색발현 개체비율이 점차 감소하여 가장 높은 온도인 $26^{\circ}C$에서 가장 낮은 개체비율을 나타내었다. 재배기간에 따른 자색발현 정도는 재배 3일째에는 자색발현이 전혀 없었으나 4일째에 52%로 가장 높은 발현비율을 보였고 5일째에는 감소하여 36%의 개체가 자색배축을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2007

수박은 형질전환이 매우 어렵고 직접적인 신초 유도방법으로는 안정된 형질전환을 기대할 수 없어서, 다른 여러 작물에서 높은 효율을 보였던 캘러스 유래 신초 유도 방법을 도입하고자 하였다. 수박의 최적 캘러스 유도조건은 자엽 절편체의 경우 2.0 mg/L zeatin과 0.1 mg/L IAA이었으며 뿌리 절편체의 경우 2.0 mg/L BA와 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D이었다. NptII 유전자의 선발 항생제는 kanamycin보다는 paromomycin 빠르고 효과적이었으며, 수박의 절편체에 Agrobacterium을 접종 한 후 paromomycin을 125 mg/L 첨가한 배지에서 선발하였다. pmGFP5-ER vector로 형질전환한 후 캘러스 상태에서 형광현미경을 통해 GFP 유전자의 도입을 확인하였으며, 딱딱한 초록색의 캘러스에서 강한 GFP 발현을 관찰하였고, 자엽유래 캘러스의 경우 WM8에서 9.0%, 뿌리유래 캘러스의 경우 WM6에서 8.3%의 가장 높은 GFP 발현 효율을 보였다. GFP 유전자 도입과 같은 방법으로 WMV-CP 유전자가 있는 pWMV2300 vector로 형질전환한 후 캘러스 상태에서 PCR 및 Southern blot 분석을 한 결과, 두 점의 캘러스에서 WMV-CP 유전자가 도입되었음을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 확립된 수박의 캘러스 유도 시스템은 안정된 수박 형질전환 방법에 기초 자료로서 이용될 것이다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2011

This study describes the effect of myo-inositol on sustained cell division and plant regeneration from cotyledon-derived protoplast of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Freshly isolated protoplasts were cultured in modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium removed ammonia ions and containing $0.4\;mg\;l^{-1}$ thiamine HCl, $100\;mg\;l^{-1}$ myo-inositol, $2\;mgl^{-1}$ 2,4-D, $0.5\;mgl^{-1}$ BA, $30\;gl^{-1}$ sucrose and several concentrations of myo-inositol (2, 4, 6, 8, 10% (w/v)) as an osmotic stabilizer. After 3 weeks of culture in the dark at $25^{\circ}C$, the plating efficiency of cabbage protoplasts reached to $22.5{\pm}2.9%$ when cultured in modified MS medium supplemented with $2\;mgl^{-1}$ 2,4-D, $0.5\;mgl^{-1}$ BA, $30\;gl^{-1}$ sucrose and 8% (w/v) of myo-inositol at a density of $2{\times}10^5$ protoplasts/ml. Rapidly growing cell colonies after 3 weeks of culture were transferred to the same culture medium removed osmoticum. To induce shoot regeneration from calluses, calluses with about 2 mm in diameter were transferred to the MS medium containing $2\;mgl^{-1}$ BA and $0.5\;mgl^{-1}$ NAA. After further three weeks of incubation onto the medium in the light, green shoots were formed on the surface of calluses at a frequency of 30%. Upon transfer to half-strength MS basal medium, roots were formed onto the bottom of regenerated shoots without auxin treatments. These regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized to soil transfer, grown to normal mature plants. The cabbage protoplast culture system established in this study could be applied for production of somatic hybrids or cybrids by asymmetric protoplast fusion and mass proliferation of elite somatic clones of cabbage.