• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2000

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of extension of grazing duration in late autumn on grass growth in following spring, in order to improve the rate of self-sufficiency for roughage feed. Plant height, total biomass and litter production of herbage were increased when the grazing was finished early in late autumn. The proportions of clover and litter, and amounts of animal intake were decreased, with extended grazing duration in late autumn. But when the grazing was finished late in autumn, the contents of crude protein (CP, %) of herbage were increased, contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF, %), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) and crude ash (%) were decreased in pasture after grazing, therefore the contents of total digestible nutrients (TDN, %) and relative feed value (RFV) of herbage were improved. The early end grazing showed that plant height, total biomass and litter production of herbage in following spring were higher than those in late end grazing. However, increased yields were not significantly different among end grazing treatments (0.12-0.15 tonha), except for the final end grazing in late autumn (0.01 tonha). With extended grazing duration in late autumn, the contents of CP of herbage in following spring were increased, contents of ADF, were decreased, and RFV were improved. (Key words : Extension of grazing duration, Plant height, Biomass, Amount of intake, Increased yield, Crude protein, TDN) rll\ulcorner c# qiil x i 9 ~ 1 a% * (College of Natural Resources, Taegu Univ., Kyongsan, 71 2-714, Korea) * $4 4 qiil 34 qq(Co1lege of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Yonsei Univ., Wonju, 220-701, Korea) '* 8 * jL@%ft@ &@%(Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, 060 Japan)

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.373-382
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• 2013

In this study, a biological odor treatment system was proposed to remove odor(foul smell) materials causing several problems in the closed sewage treatment plant. This odor treatment system was composed of a two-step biofilter system in one reactor. The two-step biofilter reactor was constructed with natural purification layer in upper part and artificial purification layer in lower part. The reed grasses of water purification plants were planted in the surface area and mixed porous ceramic media were filled with the lower part of biofilter reactor. By using the above experimental apparatus, the ammonia gas removal efficiency was attained to 98.3 % and the hydrogen sulfide gas removal efficiency was appeared more than 97.7 % which shows more effective than the conventional odor removal process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2 s.115
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• pp.18-25
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• 2006

This study aims to measure and to analyze the thermal environment characteristics of the various permeable pavement materials such as grass pavement (GREEN BLOCK PARK), stone and grass pavement (GREEN BLOCK STEP), stone pavement (GREEN BLOCK MOSAIC) and wood pavement (WOOD BLOCK) under the summer outdoor environment. The thermal environment characteristics measured in the study includes the changes of surface temperature during the day, changes of the temperature on each pavement layer, and long and short wave radiation of each pavement surface. The experimental condition is based on the data on the hottest temperature (August 5, 2005, $34.0^{\circ}C$) of the you. Some of main findings are: 1) The heat environment was worse on the wood pavements than on the stone pavement. This is mainly due to the low albedo of the wood pavements (0.37) while the albedo value of stone pavements is 0.41. Small heat capacity of the wood pavements also contributes to this difference. 2) The heat environment was worse on the stone pavements than on the turf pavements. This was mainly due to the evapotranspiration of the plant growth layer of the turf pavements. 3) The peak surface temperature was the highest on the wood pavements ($56.1^{\circ}C$). The peak surface temperatures on the stone pavements, the stone-grass pavements and the grass pavements were $43.1^{\circ}C,\;40.1^{\circ}C\;and\;37.9^{\circ}C$, respectively. 4) To improve the thermal environments in the urban area, it is recommended to raise the albedo of the pavements by brightening the surface color of the pavement materials. Further studies on the pavement materials and the construction methods which can enhance the continuous evapotranspiration from the pavements surface are needed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1011-1015
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• 2009

The vegetated porous pavement can be installed as an alternative way to replace the traditional pavement, which contributes less to the water circulation system in the urban area. This study aims to an investigation based on the shadow and pressure of the vehicle system, where the turfgrass get grown and the green block get constructed on the grassy parking lot. This study might achieve these conclusions, in the case of use 'green block' makes grass parking lot, plant a kind of 'zenith' and takes sod thickness 40 mm are more efficient for turfgrass growth in the early times. In the case of parking over 8 hours in a day, after 5 weeks turfgrass growth would come into reduce. So over 4 hours parking and after 9 weeks, we need consider to setting up green block in grassy parking lot. The grassy ground would get pressured by the vehicles' load and it would bring into some damage due to the load after 3 weeks. So we should put the grass's growth root point under the designed a top of 'green block' level. When the vehicle amounts and parking density is in a low level, it could be an environmentally friendly product.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.48-57
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• 2000

This paper is dealing with the fundamental properties of planting concrete, replacing the existing cover concrete on the roof of a building. This study is to find out the physical characteristics of the planting concrete and rearing characteristics of the grass throughout the modeling experimental materials. As the results of the experiment, the physical properties of planting concrete show the following results; when the paste to aggregate ratio is 0.2~ 0.4, voids volume : 30~17%, unit weight: 1,710~2,010kg/m3, compressive strength : 45~145kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$, its pH is more than 11, but is reduced to the proper degree for planting after being neutralized. Kentucky bluegrass covered with planting concrete is grown well. The planting concrete used with blast furnace slag cement shows a better properties at the height, the width and the covering rate by 1.1cm, 0.5mm and 7%, respectively, than those used with ordinary portland cement. Also, the less the paste to aggregate ratio is, the better the plant grows. The orders of the effects of temperature control are as follows; the system of planting concrete with grass>the system of planting concrete without grass>the system of mixed soil>the existed roof system. In case, the planting concrete is placed to the roofs of buildings instead of normal concrete slab, and a number of favorable effect can be expected such as the improvement os environmental factors, the reduction of construction cost, the saving of energy and the reduction of environment load. The future research on the change of a variety of the aggregate conditions and the application of the practical structures should be made, and also the research of the endurance also be performed.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-104
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• 2013

In this study we examined the concerned literature for clinical use of Balsaminaceae plants focusing on the latest literature "zhong hua ben cao"(chinese materia medica, 1998). The findings were summarized as follows: 1. As an original plant, 27 species have been reviewed. 2. As a result of investigating oriental drug names by medicinal using part, a survey reported that the total of 22 species of oriental drug names, including 14 species of herba, 3 species of flos, 4 species of radix and rhizoma, and 1 species of semen, are being used for clinical use. 3. When we examined oriental drugs with five flavors by calculating and arranging their nature, effect, toxicity with points for conveniences sake, pungent and bitte showed 13 points, respectively, as main flavors. In drug nature, warm property of drug indicated 10 points and cold property of drug obtained 6 points. But as for other oriental drug, it is thought that we can recognize their significance. 4. With respect to efficacy, activating blood drug reached 10 kinds and wind- damp-dispelling 7 kinds, according to the examination. 5. In the examination on components and medicinal action, we examined that components are recorded in only impatiens balsamina's whole grass, flowers, root, root stems, and seeds, and Impatiens noli-tangere's whole grass. In medical action, we found out that the components are recorded in impatiens balsamina' flowers and seeds; impatiens noli-tangere's whole grass and flowers; and Impatiens textori' whole grass. 6. As a result of examining clinical prescription, the total of 84 kinds of clinical prescriptions by disease nature were examined, of which the prescription of Impatiens balsamina showed 19 cases in total, which was remarkable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

A manipulation of zoysiagrass's lateral stems and soil-media; used for slope revegetation, is expected to facilitate the production of high-quality grass. To study the influences on the growth of zoysiagrass depending upon various soil-media conditions, two different types of soil are used. The results obtained - through investigation of its cover rates, leaf color and number - are summarized as follows. In mountain regions soil, there are no significant differences in growth and development of grass in treatments: zoysiagrass's lateral stems treatments with 1cm, 2cm, and 3cm soil-media and treatment with only seeding. Zoysiagrass, in most of the treatments, show about the same growth rates, and at the end, fair visual quality. Zoysiagrass's lateral stems treatments with 2cm, 3cm show slightly better growth, however, thickness of soil-media need not be more than 1cm to obtain an expected quality of lawn. In decomposed granite soil, there appears statistical significance in growth of the grass in treatments: zoysiagrass's lateral stems treatments with 1cm, 2cm, and 3cm soil-media and treatment with only seeding. The thicker the soil-media, the better the growth of grass, and that in treatment with seeding-only shows poor quality in general. And therefore, it is efficacious to plant in 3cm soil-media when quick formation of lawn is necessary; however, using 2cm soil-media is ultimately the most cost-efficient way of formation. But, when time allows - that is, more than three months - 1cm soil-media in decomposed granite soil is reasonable to formate just as effective lawn. And so when performing seeding, additional covering, fertilization or increasing the quantity of seed must be considered.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the first harvesting times and regrowth periods after the fist harvest on grass regrowth, dry matter (DM) yield and botanical composition in pasture mixtures during 1987 and 1988. For the test, a split plot design with 3 replications was treated with 3 different first harvesting times (vegetative, stem elongation and heading stage) and 3 different regrowth periods (20, 30 and 40 days) after first harvest. Although the total DM yield of grasses was decreased slightly with earlier cutting, the regrowth DM yield and the regrowth plant height was increased significantly with earlier cutting (p < 0.05). Also, the 30 days of regrowth periods was contributed greatly to the regrowth and the DM yield. The percentage of legumes Tmainly red clover) in botanical composition was increased with later initial harvest anrl longer regrowth period after first harvest. Based on the results, it is suggested that good grass regrowth and seasonal distribution could be achieved by the earlier harvest at fist and the regrowth period of 30 days after first harvest in spring.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 1984

The influence of fertilizer on the growth characteristics in Korean lawn grass was studied from June through October in a experiment. The results were as follows: 1. Maximum dry matter weight of Korean lawn grass was achieved in early in early August when it was $64.3g/m^2$ without fertilizer and $157.9g/m^2$ with fertilizer. On the other hand, the dry matter weight of whole plant including Korean lawn grass reached the maximum in late September, which was late, to some extent, compared with that if pure Korean lawn grass, presumably associated with seed maturing period of $C_4$ type plants. 2. Notable positive effect on leaf blade and non-leaf part weight in Korean lawn grass was also detected. However, the rate of dry matter occupied by non-leaf part was markedly increased by fertilizer application. 3. The dry matter portion occupied by Korean lawn grass the in total dry matter weight of whole plant was significantly decreased as time went by, particularly in case of fertilizer application. 4. Fertilizer, which might imply an increased potential of tiller numbers according to fertilizer. 5. In general, the seasonal change pattern of the rhizome of Korean lawn grass coincided with that of the aboveground organs: Its maximum dry matter weight achieved from late August to early September was $194.2g/m^2$ with nil fertilizer, and, with fertilizer, $259.7g/m^2$, of which figures were equivalent to be increased to 33.7%, compared to that with nil fertilizer. Applying fertilizer increased the weight of root: The highest values were $36.7g/m^2$ with nil fertilizer and $80.9g/m^2$ with fertilizer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1988

Pearl millet has been detected as a promising new forage crop of excellent quality and productivity since 1985. Its green fodder yields were 10.7 to 12.8 tons per hectare in average of 26 accessions in Suwon, 1985. The yield level was much higher than those of Italian and pro so millets and com. Com was better than Italian and proso millets, and proso millet was better than Italian millet for a green fodder crop. Suwon 1 pearl millet hybrid was the best of the 13 hybrids examined in Suwon, 1986 being 149 tons per hectare of three times cut green fodder yields. The pearl millet hybrid was higher in green fodder yield than com and sorghum/sudan grass hybrids. Leaf area index was 32.4 for the three times cut pearl millet, while 5.8 for the one time cut corn, and 20.8 for the three times cut sorghum/sudan grass. Crude protein content was 16.3 percent for pearl millet being six to five percent higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass, 11.8 percent for the one time cut at maturity and 16.1 percent for four times cut being higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass. Crude fat content was 3. percent for pear 1 millet grain being some what higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass and 1.3-1.4 percent for green fodder crop. Crude fiber content in grain was 1.9 percent for pearl millet 2.6 percent for corn, and 4.3 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. Crude fiber content in pearl millet plant was 24.4 to 26.8 percent, Crude ash content was 2.4 percent in grain and 10.8 to 11.6 percent in the plants of pearl millet hybrid. In vitro digestibility of grain was 93.7 percent for pearl millet, 95.4 percent for corn, and 55.8 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. The digestibility of whole plant was 57.6 to 63.4 percent for pearl millet, 46.3 percent for corn, and 47.3 to 57.6 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. Heavier nitrogen fertilizer applications increased green fodder yields, protein content and digestibility, but reduced fat and ash content of pearl millet inbred line T 186.