• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1041-1047
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 거의 모든 기반산업에서 필수적인 생산기술로 사용되고 있는 금형의 기계적 성질을 향상시키기 위해 고출력 다이오드 레이저를 이용하여 두 종류의 금형재료용 주철을 표면경화처리하였다. 우선, 구상흑연 주철인 FCD550 소재에 대하여 열처리 특성을 파악한 후, 편상흑연 주철인 HCI350 소재를 열처리하여 두 소재의 표면경화 특성을 비교하였다. 경화부의 경도는 두 시험편 모두 모재에 비해 3배 이상의 경도 상승을 보였지만, 재료에 포함된 흑연의 함유량 및 형상의 차이에 의한 재료의 열전도도에 따라서 FCD550 소재에 비해 HCI350이 열처리하는데 있어서 더 많은 입열이 요구되었다.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2002

킥모터용 노즐목에 사용되는 공간적으로 보강된 탄소/ 탄소 복합재료의 기계적 물성치를 예측하고, 전체 노즐의 기계적 거동해석을 수행하였다. 이러한 3차원 등가물성치는 노즐의 기계적 거동해석에 필요한 3차원 물성치로 이용된다. 노즐목에 사용되어지는 공간적으로 보강된 복합재료는 그 구조에 따라서 물성치분포가 달라지므로 물성치 예측 프로그램을 개발하였다. 지금 개발되고 있는 킥모터용 노즐은 노즐목의 graphite 또는 공간적으로 보강된 탄소/ 탄소 복합재료, 노즐머리부분과 확장부의 carbon/ phenol, 그리고 확장부 외피의 강철로 구성되어있다. 추력에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 노즐목의 변형형상은 4-D 탄소/ 탄소 복합 재료가 가장 균일하고, 작은 변형형상을 나타내었다. 이러한 해석 결과에 더하여 4D 탄소/ 탄소 복합재료 노즐목과 그라파이트 노즐목을 가진 모타 시험이 수행되었다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2012

The microstructural changes of three pieces from an ancient iron pot were studied in order to identify present the material degradation due to repeated heating for one-thousand years. The microstructures of the pieces were divided into the areas of ferrite/graphite, ferrite/pearlite, and corroded oxidation. The area of ferrite/graphite was undergone by severe Galvanic corrosion, but that of ferrite/pearlite was not even during a thousand years' using. The shape of the graphites was coexisted with types of A, B, and C of as modern graphite classification. In the ferrite/pearlite area, abnormal acicula precipitates with a high aspect ratio of $0.2{\mu}m$ thickness and several hundreds ${\mu}m$ length were presented. They might be a kind of carbide in the ferrite matrix with its special precipitate plane.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2013

Hexadecane and exfoliated graphite nanoplate (xGnP)composite was prepared as a shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM) in a vacuum to develope thermal energy storage. The Hexadecane as an organic phase change material (PCM) is very stable against phase separation of PCM and has a melting point at $18^{\circ}C$ that is under the thermally comfortable temperature range in buildings. The xGnP is a porous carbon nanotube material with high thermal conductivity. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transformation infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR)were used to confirm the chemical and physical stability of Hexadecane/xGnP SSPCM. In addition, thermal properties were determined by Deferential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The specific heat of Hexadecane/xGnPSSPCM was $10.0J/g{\cdot}K$ at $21.8^{\circ}C$. The melting temperature range of melting and freezing were found to be $16-25^{\circ}C$ and $17-12^{\circ}C$. At this time, the laten heats of melting and freezing were 96.4J/g and 94.8J/g. The Hexadecane was impregnated into xGnP as much about 48.8% of Hexadecane/xGnP SSPCM's mass fraction.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2020

It is clear that monocrystalline Silicon (Si) ingots are the key raw material for semiconductors devices. In the present industries markets, most of monocrystalline Silicon (Si) ingots are made by Czochralski Process due to their advantages with low production cost and the big crystal diameters in comparison with other manufacturing process such as Float-Zone technique. However, the disadvantage of Czochralski Process is the presence of impurities such as oxygen or carbon from the quartz and graphite crucible which later will resulted in defects and then lowering the efficiency of Si wafer. The heat transfer plays an important role in the formation of Si ingots. However, the heat transfer generates convection in Si molten state which induces the defects in Si crystal. In this study, a crystal growth simulation software was used to optimize the Si crystal growth process. The furnace and system design were modified. The results showed the melt-crystal interface shape can affect the Si crystal growth rate and defect points. In this study, the defect points and desired interface shape were controlled by specific crystal growth rate condition.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.53-56
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• 2001

Piezoelectric Fiber Composites with Interdigitated Electrodes (PFCIDE) were previously introduced as an alternative to monolithic wafers with conventional electrodes for applications of structural actuation. This paper is an investigation into the performance improvement of piezoelectric fiber composite actuators by changing the matrix material and actuator shape. This paper presents a modified micro-electromechanical model and numerical analyses of piezoelectric fiber/piezopolymer matrix composite actuator with interdigitated electrodes (PFPMIDE). Numerical analyses show that the shape of the graphite/epoxy composite plate with the PFPMIDE may be controlled by judicious choice of voltages, piezoelectric fiber angles, and elastic tailoring of the composite plate.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1985

A two dimensional analysis of the solidification phenomena has been simulated by IAD (Implicit Alternating Direction)method for L-shaped castings with external chills. The effect of chills has been studied with the variation of chill size, shape, and their materials, and also with the variation of the pouring temperature. Three kinds of cross-sectional shapes of chills such as triangle, square, and L-shape were chosen, and graphite, cast iron, and copper for their materials. It has been shown by the computation that the hot spot at the junction of L-shaped castings can not be removed by external chills, and that the distance between the inner corner and the hot spot on the line of symmetry, as well as the solidification time of castings depend only on VHC (Volumetric Heat Capacity).

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.20-29
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• 1984

It is very important to obtain gray and ductile cast irons with completely pearlitic structure by addition more economical alloying elements. In this study, 9 melts of gray iron and 5 melts of Mg-treated ductile cast iron were made according to Sb content (0-0.08% Sb). Each melt were casted to ${\phi}20mm$ test bars in sand mold under the same condition and inspected microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties. The results obtained from this study are as follows: 1. It is confirmed that Sb should be an economical, simple and useful additive for avoiding ferrite in gray and even in ductile cast irons. 2. For gray cast iron, the recommended ladle addition of metallic Sb amounts to 0.05%. At these levels, Sb has no detrimental influence on the mechanical properties of gray cast irons, which are normally modified according to their pearlite content without increasing the chilling tendency. 3. Despite its adverse influence on graphite shape in ductile iron, Sb can be used as a pearlite stabilizing alloying element even in the case of Mg - treated iron. The quantity to be added does not exceed 0.04% in the case of thinwalled castings. 4. The nodule count is increased very much and the shape of graphite particles become remarkably spheroidal. The matrix may be fully pearlitized, except for thin - walled castings, because the high nodule count results inevitably in some ferrite. 5. The $Ac_1$ and pearlite decomposition temperature are rised in accordance with increasing of additive Sb amount.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2000

Strip casting process is a new technology that makes a near net shape thin strip directly from molten metal. With this process, a large amount of energy and casting cost could be decreased from the abbreviation of reheating and/or hot rolling process. Ductile cast iron which has spheroidal graphite in the matrix is the most commercial and industrial material, because of its supreme strength, toughness, and wear resistance etc. But it cannot be produced to the thin strip owing to difficulty in rolling of ductile cast iron. In this study, ductile cast iron strips are produced by the twin roll strip caster, with different chemical compositions of C, Si, and Mn contents. And then heat-treated, microstructures and mechanical properties are examined. The microstructures of as-cast strip are that of white cast iron which consists of the mixture of cementite and pearlite, but the equiaxed crystal zone of the pearlite or segregation zone of cementite exists in the center region of the strip thickness, which cannot be observed in the rapidly solidified metallic mold cast specimens. This structure is supposed to be formed from the thermal distribution of strip and the rolling force. Comparing with the structures of each strips after heat treatment, increasing Si content makes smaller spheroidal graphite and more compact in the matrix, furthermore the less of Mn content makes the ferrite matrix be obtained clearer and easier. As a result of the tensile test of graphitization heat-treated strips, the yield strengths are about 250 MPa, the tensile strengths are about $430{\sim}500$ MPa, and the elongations are about $10{\sim}13%$. In the case of the strip which has the smaller and more compact spheroidal graphite in the ferrite matrix, the higher tensile strength and better drawability could be obtained.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.530-536
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• 2023

The theoretical capacity of silicon-based anode materials is more than 10 times higher than the capacity of graphite, so silicon can be used as an alternative to graphite anode materials. However, silicon has a much higher contraction and expansion rate due to lithiation of the anode material during the charge and discharge processes, compared to graphite anode materials, resulting in the pulverization of silicon particles during repeated charge and discharge. To compensate for the above issues, there is a growing interest in SiO_x materials with a silica or carbon coating to minimize the expansion of the silicon. In this study, spherical silica (SiO₂) was synthesized using TEOS as a starting material for the fabrication of such SiO_x through heating in a reduction atmosphere. SiO_x powder was produced by adding PVA as a carbon source and inducing the reduction of silica by the carbothermal reduction method. The ratio of TEOS to distilled water, the stirring time, and the amount of PVA added were adjusted to induce size and morphology, resulting in uniform nanosized spherical silica particles. For the reduction of the spherical monodisperse silica particles, a nitrogen gas atmosphere mixed with 5 % hydrogen was applied, and oxygen atoms in the silica were selectively removed by the carbothermal reduction method. The produced SiO_x powder was characterized by FE-SEM to examine the morphology and size changes of the particles, and XPS and FT-IR were used to examine the x value (O/Si ratio) of the synthesized SiO_x.