• 제목/요약/키워드: graft polymerization

검색결과 177건 처리시간 0.034초

면섬유에 Methyl Methacrylate의 그라프트중합 - 이단계 그라프트중합과 유화 그라프트중합의 비교 - (Graft Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate onto Cotton Fiber -Comparison of two step graft polymerization and emulsion graft polymerization-)

  • 배현숙;김성련
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 1989
  • Graft polymerization of MMA onto cotton fiber was carried out in two ways, two step graft polymerization and one step emulsion graft polymerization, using tetravalent cerium ion as an initiator. At two step graft polymerization, the first step was the pretreatment of cotton fiber with an aqueous initiator solution and the second was the grafting pretreated cotton fiber in the monomer solution. In case of one step emulsion graft polymerization, MMA was emulsified with SLS in initiator solution. Under the various graft polymerization conditions, graft yield, graft efficiency and from the Arrhenius plot the apparent activation energy were compared. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Graft yield and graft efficiency of emulsion graft polymerization were higher than those of two step graft polymerization. 2. In case of two step graft polymerization, graft yield was affected by the pretreatment time of cotton fiber with an aqueous initiator solution. And graft yield of emulsion graft polymerization was increased with the concentration of emulsifier below cmc of SLS and was decreased thereafter. 3. Elevation of temperature resulted increase in graft yield for both grafting methods. The apparent activation energy of emulsion graft pelymerzation was lower than that of two step graft polymerization. 4. Increased reaction time increased in graft yield, but decreased in graft efficiency. 5. Moisture regain of grafted cotton was decreased with graft yield.

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면섬유(綿纖維)에의 MMA/4-Vinylpyridine의 공(共)그라프트 중합(重合) (Graft Copolymerization of MMN4-Vinylpyridine onto Cotton Fiber)

  • 배현숙;김성련
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.347-358
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    • 1993
  • Graft copolymerization of MMN4-VP onto cotton fiber using Ce(IV) salt as an initiator and triton X-100 as an emulsifier was performed under various polymerization conditions. In cograft polymerization, the polymeization behavior according to variation of 4-VP feed composition and the characteristics of MMA/4-VP graft polymer such as affinity for acid dye owing to cationization of cotton, antibacterial activity and thermal behavior were investigated. The results of this study were as follows : 1. While in copolymerization of MMA and 4-VP, 4-VP content in copolymer was more than that of monomer feed composition. 2. Increasing 4-VP content, graft yield was decreased, but graft efficiency was increased. In case of MMA/4-VP graft polymerization, the highest graft yield was obtained at higher CAN concentration than in MMA graft polymerization, the reason is that the behavior of 4-VP was disturbed by Ce(IV) sail 3. Elevation of temperature resulted in increase of graft yield and the apparent activation energy of MMA/4-VP graft polymerization was higher than that of MMA graft polymerization. 4. MMA/4-VP grafted cotton fiber showed affinity for acid dye, antibacterial activity and higher moisture regain than MMA grafted cotton fiber. MMA/4-VP grafted cotton fabric showed improvement of wrinkle recovery up to 40~50% graft yield and decreased thereafter. MMA/4-VP and MMA grafted cotton fabric did not showed significant difference in wrinkle recovery and stiffness.

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Ce(IV)감에 의한 셀룰로오스 섬유에의 그라프트 중합에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Graft Polymerization onto Cellulose Fiber using Tetravalent Cerium-)

  • 배현숙
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 1992
  • Graft polymerization mechanism and rate of polymerization of MMA and MMA/4-VP onto cellulose fiber using Ce(IV) salt as an initiatior were investigated. It was shown that the concentration of Ce(IV) salt affected on the graft yield, graft efficiency, total conversion and the rate of graft polymerization. The graft yield and total cenversion for MMA grafted polymer were significantly higher than those for MMA/4-VP grafted polymer with variation of CAN concentration. In this system the oxidative termination by Ce(IV) salt was considered particularly in higher concentration Ce(IV) ion. The change in the mode of termination reactions with variation of CAN concentration made possible the presence of an optimum Ce(IV) ion concentration for maximum graft yield.

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면섬유에 대한 Methyl Methacrylate의 유화 그라프트 중합 (Emulsion Graft Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate onto Cotton Fiber)

  • 배현석;류효선;김성련
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.271-280
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    • 1991
  • Emulsion graft copolymerization of MMA onto cotton fiber using Ce(IV) salt as an initiator was carried out. Graft yield and graft efficiency were observed according to the kinds and concentrations of emulsifier and polymerization conditions. The physical properties of MMA grafted cotton fabric were investigated. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The heighest graft yield of emulsion graft polymerization occurred at the concentration below cmc of emulsifier, which was different from emulsion polymerization. Nonionic sur- factant as an emulsifier was more effective than anionic one. 2. The highest graft yield was obtained at the initiator concentration $1{\times}10^{-2}mol/l$. The viscometric molecular weight of PMMA was in the order of 106. 3. As reaction time increased, the graft yield increased but the graft efficiency decreased. 4. Elevation of reaction temperature resulted in increase of graft yield. The apparent activation energy of MMA graft polymerization was 4.72 Kcal/mol. 5. Physical properties of MMA grafted cotton fabric varied with increase of grafting. Thickness and stiffness showed a noticeable increase, whereas tensile strength and elongation was slightly increased. Crease recovery increased as the graft yield increase up to $50\%$ and decreased thereafter.

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Reactive Extrusion of Starch-g-Polyacrylonitrile in the Preparation of Absorbent Materials

  • Yoon, Kee-Jong;Carr, M.E.;Bagley, E.B.
    • 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국섬유공학회 1990년도 제2차 학술발표초록집
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    • pp.8-8
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    • 1990
  • A new method for the graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch is presented. Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch and the subsequent hydrolysis in sodium hydroxide solution to prepare absorbents is well known. This process has been utilized to produce the commercial product, Super Slurper. In a typical batch process, ~5% starch in water mixture is gelatinized at $95^{\circ}C$ under stirring for 1 hour then cooled to room temperature. The graft polymerization itself is carried out for approximately 2 hours at $25~30^{\circ}C$ on the gelatinized starch by eerie ion initiation. In this study, graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch via a reactive extrusion process which is a continuous, efficient process is described. Initial concentration of starch in water is 35% and the reaction temperatures are between $50~80^{\circ}C$. However, the most significant difference in the reactive extrusion process is the short time in which the graft polymerization takes place. Preliminary results on the properties of graft polymerization products obtained from the reactive extrusion process are compared to those obtained from the batch process as well as the absorbency of the hydrolyzed samples. Absorbent material has also been prepared by sequential grafting and saponification in the extruder followed by a 2 hour heat treatment of the extrudate in an air circulated oven at $100^{\circ}C$.

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Surface Functionalization of a Fluoropolymer by Ion Beam-induced Graft Polymerization of 4-Vinyl Pyridine

  • Jung, Chan-Hee;Hwang, In-Tae;Choi, Jae-Hak;Nho, Young-Chang
    • 방사선산업학회지
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    • 제4권4호
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    • pp.341-345
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    • 2010
  • The surface functionalization of a fluoropolymer by ion beam-induced graft polymerization was described in this research. The surface of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films were irradiated by a 150 keV $H^+$ ions, and 4-vinyl pyridine (4VP) as a functional monomer was then thermally graft polymerized on the irradiated surface. The surface properties of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP)-grafted PTFE films were investigated in terms of grafting degree, wettability, chemical structure, and morphology. The results revealed that the surface of PTFE films was successfully functionalized by ion beam-induced graft polymerization of 4VP.

Graft 重合에 關한 硏究-紫外線 照射에 依한 Polyvinyl alcohol 과 Styrene 의 Graft 重合에 關하여 (Studies on the Graft Polymerization-Graft Polymerization of Styrene to Polyvinyl Alcohol by Ultraviolet Light)

  • 심정섭;전경철
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.64-68
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    • 1962
  • The graft polymerization of styrene to polyvinyl alcohol using a photosensitizer(benzophenone) and ultraviolet light was studied. Styrene was grafted onto polyvinyl alcohol up to when polyvinyl alcohol was pre-immersed in water and irradiated by ultraviolet light for 24 hours styrene solution of benzophenone(0.01 molarity). The highest percentage of graft obtained in the grafting which was proceeded in the presence of water added immediately before irradiation was 29%. The grafting was proportional to irradiation time within a certain limit of time, i.e., 24 hours, and presumably was initiated at the surface. After a certain degree of grafting a definite maximum was reached. Graft polymer prepared in this experiment showed high resistance to various solvents.

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Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

  • Paik, Hyun-Jong
    • 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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    • pp.196-197
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    • 2006
  • Among various polymerization methods to graft polymers on the surface of CNTs, Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) has several advantages, such as a wide range of polymerizable monomers and superb control in molecular structure and weights. Several research groups including us have showed that ATRP is an efficient and versatile method to modify the surface of CNTs. Here, two independent approaches for the covalent attachment of polymers based on ATRP graft-from and graft-onto methods will be discussed.

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견섬유에 대한 메타크릴아미드의 처리효과 III. 메타크릴아미드의 중합거동 (Effects of Methacrylamide Treatment on Silk Fibers III. Polymerization Behavior of Methacrylamide)

  • 신봉섭;남중희
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.32-40
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    • 1992
  • 반응개시제로 potassium persulfate를 사용한 MAA 가공견섬유에 대하여 열분석, IR spectrum, 아미노산 분석, 전자현미경 등의 기기분석을 통하여 반응 mechanism에 대하여 구명하고자 하였다. IR spectroscopy 분석에서 가공견섬유의 peak은 미가공견섬유와 MAA polymer의 peak을 모두 가지고 있으며, 특이한 peak의 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 아미노산 분석에서는 vinyl monomer가 graft된다는 종래의 특정 아미노산의 함량에 있어서, 가공률의 증가에 따른 변화를 관찰할 수 없었으며, MAA 가공견섬유의 중합 mechanism은 styrene 및 MMA의 graft 가공에서와는 일치하지 않는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 monomer, 개시제, 반응조건에 따라 반응에 관여하는 아미노산이 다른 것으로 추정된다. SEM 관찰에서는 가공률이 낮은 경우의 섬유표면은 미가공견섬유의 표면과 그 차이를 인정할 수 없었으나, 가공률이 증가함에 따라 섬유표면에 섬유축방향으로 줄무늬가 형성되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 관찰과 앞서 발표한 열분석 결과를 종합하면, potassium persulfate를 반응개시제로한 MAA 가공견의 중합기구에 대해서는 DSC나 IR spectroscopy에 의한 관찰로는 중합기구를 정성정량적으로 분석하기는 힘든 것으로 나타났으며, 아미노산 분석결과로부터 이미 styrene이나 MMA 가공견의 grafting site로 알려 져 있는 Gly, Ala, Ser, Tyr, Thr, Met 및 염기성 아미노산 등의 특정 아미노산에 선택적으로 graft되는 경향을 인정할 수 없으므로 이는 graft 중합에 의해 결합되는 것이라기보다 단지 섬유내부중합에 의해 polymer가 섬유내부에 형성되는 것으로 추정된다. 현미경관찰에서도 polymer는 주로 섬유내에 형성되며, 무게증가율이 큰 경우에는 섬유의 표면에 MAA에 의한 특징적인 줄무늬의 형성을 관찰할 수 있었다.

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감마선을 이용한 케나프 펄프 표면의 Poly(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate 그라프트 중합반응 (Surface Graft Polymerization of Poly(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate onto Kenaf Pulp using Gamma-ray Irradiation)

  • 오두리;전준표;강필현
    • 방사선산업학회지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.251-255
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    • 2012
  • Pulp is typically used for paper industry to manufacturing various types of papers. However simply chemical modification makes enable the pulp to a wide range of application in various industrial fields. To bring the polymerization the gamma ray irradiated on the mixture of kenaf and PEGMA in various dose ranges from 20 to 60 kGy. As a results, the graft degree of 20.0% was obtained from 475 g of gamma ray irradiated pulp and PEGMA. After the polymerization, the chemical structure and morphology of the surfaces were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscope. Chemical structure of grafted pulp has significantly growth in carbonyl content with increasing the radiation dose. Also surface morphology was distinctly changed with decreased the degree of roughness and increasing the diameter. These results were explained gamma ray irradiation improve performance of graft polymerization efficiency.