• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2000

Apple fruit grading is largely dependant on skin color degree. This work reports about the possibility of nondestructive assessment of apple fruit color using infrared(NIR) reflectance spectroscopy. NIR spectra of apple fruit were collected in wavelength range of 1100~2500nm using an InfraAlyzer 500C(Bran+Luebbe). Calibration as calculated by the standard analysis procedures MLR(multiple linear regression) and stepwise, was performed by allowing the IDAS software to select the best regression equations using raw spectra of sample. Color degree of apple skin was expressed as 2 factors, anthocyanin content by purification and a-value by colorimeter. A total of 90 fruits was used for the calibration set(54) and prediction set(36). For determining a-value, the calibration model composed 6 wavelengths(2076, 2120, 2276, 2488, 2072 and 1492nm) provided the highest accuracy : correlation coefficient is 0.913 and standard error of prediction is 4.94. But, the accuracy of prediction result for anthocyanin content determining was rather low(R of 0.761).

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2019

We investigated differences in ventricular and hippocampal volumes between CSF tap test (CSFTT) responders and non-responders in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) patients and compared these parameters in INPH patients with that of age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We also evaluated relationships between ventricular and hippocampal volumes and clinical profiles in INPH patients. We enrolled 48 patients with INPH and 29 healthy controls. Ventricular and hippocampal volumes were measured on MRI, including 3-dimensional volumetric images. INPH patients, when compared to healthy controls, had significantly larger ventricular and smaller hippocampal volumes. No difference in ventricular and hippocampal volumes was found between CSFTT responders and non-responders in INPH patients. And hippocampal volumes showed significant negative correlations with Clinical Dementia Rating Scale scores, INPH grading scale cognitive scores, Timed Up and Go Test scores, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor scores in INPH patients. Volumetric assessment of ventricular and hippocampal regions may have no predictive value in differentiating between CSFTT responders and non-responders in INPH patients. Our findings may help us understand the potential pathophysiology of unique symptoms associated with INPH.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2022

This study characterizes Proctor and geophysical properties in a broad range of grading and fines contents. The results show that soil index properties such as uniformity and fines plasticity control the optimum water content and peak dry unit trends, as well as elastic wave velocity. The capillary pressure at a degree of saturation less than S = 20% plays a critical role in determining the shear wave velocity for poorly graded sandy soils. The reduction in electrical resistivity with a higher water content becomes pronounced as the water phase is connected A parallel set of compaction and geophysical properties of sand-kaolinite mixtures reveal that the threshold boundaries computed from soil index properties adequately capture the transitions from sand-controlled to kaolinite-controlled behavior. In the transitional fines fraction zone between F_F ≈ 20 and 40%, either sand or kaolinite or both sand and kaolinite could dominate the geophysical properties and all other properties associated with soil compaction behavior. Overall, the compaction and geophysical data gathered in this study can be used to gain a first-order approximation of the degree of compaction in the field and produce degree of compaction maps as a function of water content and fines fraction.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Congenital isolated hydronephrosis encompasses a spectrum of physiologic states that spontaneously resolve and pathologic obstruction that necessitates surgical intervention. Distinguishing patients whose condition will resolve, those who will require stringent follow-up, and those who will eventually need surgical intervention present a challenge to clinicians, particularly because no unified guidelines for assessment and follow-up have been established. The recognition of the natural course and prognosis of hydronephrosis and a comprehensive understanding of the currently proposed consensus guidelines may aid in multidisciplinary treatment and in providing proper counseling to caregivers. In this review, we aimed to summarize the literature on the grading systems and management strategies for congenital isolated hydronephrosis.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2023

This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of facial chuna manual therapy in treating the sequelae of Bell's palsy. Four patients were treated with facial chuna manual therapy once a week for 4 weeks, consisting of facial muscle massage, acupoint pressure, contracture chuna, and synkinesis chuna. The changes in symptoms (contracture and sysnkinesis) were measured using the Sunnybrook Facial Grading Scale (SFGS), Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ), Facial Disability Index (FDI), Contracture/Synkinesis scale using a facial scanning system, Numeric Rating scale (NRS) for synkinesis or contracture, and Was It Worth It questionnaire. After treatments, SFGS, Contracture/Synkinesis scale, and NRS for synkinesis or contracture showed significant improvements. SFGS increased in three cases from 39~76 to 52~85 score. SAQ decreased in two cases from 53.33~57.78 to 40.00~55.56. FDI increased in three cases from 120~128 to 138~145. These results suggest that Korean medicine treatment, including facial chuna manual therapy can be effective in improving the sequelae of Bell's palsy.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.5.1-5.22
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• 2023

This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to answer the following focused research question: "Does the type of endodontic sealer affect the postoperative pain in patients who received endodontic treatment?" Different databases and grey literature were surveyed. Only one randomized controlled trial were included. The risk of bias in the studies was evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to compare the risk and intensity of postoperative pain. The quality of the body of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Out of 11,601 studies, 15 remained for qualitative analyses and 12 for meta-analysis. Seven studies were classified at high risk of bias, and 8 studies raised some concerns. No significant differences between the endodontic materials were observed in the direct comparisons, both in risk and in intensity of postoperative pain (pairwise comparisons with 2 studies: I² = 0%; p > 0.05 and 8 studies: I² = 23%; p > 0.05, respectively). The certainty of the evidence was graded as low or moderate. There was no difference in the risk and intensity of postoperative pain after filling with different endodontic sealers. Further systematic reviews should be conducted.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.30.1-30.15
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of final irrigation with cold saline solution after endodontic treatment compared with saline solution at room temperature against postoperative pain following endodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A broad search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library (LILACS), and Grey Literature databases. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction, risk of bias using the Cochrane methodology, and certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Results: Eight studies were included in qualitative synthesis. Intracanal cryotherapy favored the reduction of postoperative pain in the systematic review. Four studies were included in meta-analyses. The meta-analysis showed that intracanal cryotherapy reduced postoperative pain in teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP) at 24 hours. There was no association between intracanal cryotherapy and control (room temperature) groups in teeth with normal periapical tissue with respect to postoperative pain at 24 hours and 48 hours. Conclusions: Intracanal cryotherapy was effective in reducing postoperative pain after endodontic treatment in teeth with SAP.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2023

Facial nerve palsy refers to sudden, unilateral lower motor neuron facial paralysis. This study aimed to determine the importance of neck treatment in the treatment of facial paralysis. A literature search was performed on six online databases and other sources until January 15, 2023. A total of 426 papers were retrieved. After excluding duplicated and inconsistent papers, papers not including cervical treatment, and experimental papers on animals, two papers were finally selected. The type of treatment method, therapeutic effects, assessment of the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials, and non-randomized controlled trials and side effects were evaluated. Chiropractic, manual therapy, facial meridian massage, and acupotomy were applied to the face and cervical spine region. The results showed that each treatment had a significant therapeutic effect through evaluation index measurement methods, such as the visual analog scale and Yanagihara's unweighted regional grading system. This study demonstrated the importance of the cervical spine area in the treatment of facial paralysis. However, this study has many limitations. Thus, high-quality randomized controlled comparative studies on the treatment of the cervical spine area only or studies that include cervical spine area treatment as an interventional treatment while performing oriental or comprehensive treatment are needed.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.82-95
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• 2024

As automated essay scoring (AES) has progressed from handcrafted techniques to deep learning, holistic scoring capabilities have merged. However, specific trait assessment remains a challenge because of the limited depth of earlier methods in modeling dual assessments for holistic and multi-trait tasks. To overcome this challenge, we explore providing comprehensive feedback while modeling the interconnections between holistic and trait representations. We introduce the DualBERT-Trans-CNN model, which combines transformer-based representations with a novel dual-scale bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) encoding approach at the document-level. By explicitly leveraging multi-trait representations in a multi-task learning (MTL) framework, our DualBERT-Trans-CNN emphasizes the interrelation between holistic and trait-based score predictions, aiming for improved accuracy. For validation, we conducted extensive tests on the ASAP++ and TOEFL11 datasets. Against models of the same MTL setting, ours showed a 2.0% increase in its holistic score. Additionally, compared with single-task learning (STL) models, ours demonstrated a 3.6% enhancement in average multi-trait performance on the ASAP++ dataset.

• Journal of Science Education
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore learning progressions for global warming at middle school level. For this purpose, we conducted a construct modeling approach that specifies constructs, item designs, outcome spaces, and measurement model steps from April to October, 2021. In order to develop student assessment items, we analyzed the 2015 revised curriculum and textbooks of middle school and categorized a concept hierarchy for each construct to create a construct map. The assessment items were developed into multiple-choice, short answer, and essay questions according to the selected constructs to strengthen the linkage between the constructs and the items. Based on the three-step grading criteria for each item, an online assessment of 21 minor items developed for middle school students show that many students met 'high' level, but none met 'low' level. In this manner, the initial set lower anchor was reset to level 0, the original set upper anchor was lowered from level 4 to level 3, and the hypothetical learning progression for global warming was presented in the following order: phenomenal, conceptual, and mechanical understandings. The results of the research have raised implications for reorganizing the next science curriculum and improving the assessment system.