• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.211-224
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate gender differences in the Korean Medical Community. Methods: Participants in the research study included 90 students regularly attending the fourth grade in Korean Medicine College, of which 48 were male and 42 were female. Results: 1. Patient's preferences for female KMD (Korean Medicine Doctor) had the lowest response rate in Korean Medical Society. Preferences for male KMD were due to factors including comfort level, rationality, good training, and patient's preference. 2. Patient's preferences for female KMD had the highest response rate in Gynecology, and Pediatrics. On the other hand, patient's preferences for female KMD had the lowest response rate in the other 7 specialty subjects. 3. The reasons for gender discrimination against male KMD were lack of subtlety, lack of empathy, authoritative attitude, and lack of patient management skills. The reasons for gender discrimination, against female KMD were childcare burden, social prejudices, lack of physical strength, and housekeeping burdens. Conclusions: The study results indicated that there was a lower preference for female KMD than male KMD among the Korean Medical Society and in patients' consciousness. Male-centered culture of Korean Medical Society had no role in this finding, but masculine image for KMD jobs and work-family double burden for female KMD were important contributing factors.

• 아동학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2010

This study explored the differences in gender, developmental period and parents in terms of parenting, the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships in parenting by gender, and the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between participant roles in bullying situations and parenting by gender. The subjects were 498 4-5th grade children and the instruments utilized in this study were the Parental Bonding Instrument (Bowers, Smith, & Binney, 1994) and the Participant Roles Scale (Sutton & Smith, 1999). The subjects were contacted again one year after the first contact. Results showed that the relationships between parents were longitudinally quite stable. Girls whose fathers had higher levels of accurate monitoring were more likely to be defenders cross-sectionally. Girls whose parents had more accurate monitoring were less likely to be victims longitudinally. The results underscore the importance of examining both gender and participant roles in bullying situations.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.60-70
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to examine factors influencing cell phone addiction for middle school students by gender. Methods: The participants were 228 male students and 228 female students in two middle schools. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. Results: Cell phone addictions of female students are higher than those of male students. Factors influencing cell phone addiction for male students were mimicry, sending text message on weekdays, immediate self-control, grade, syntony, and monthly call charge, explaining 42.2% of variance in cell phone addiction. Factors influencing cell phone addiction for female students were internet addiction, sending and receiving text message on weekends, immediate self-control, long-term self-control, use time, main use, syntony, and monthly call charge, explaining 46.8% of variance in cell phone addiction. Conclusion: The results indicated that cell phone addiction and its influencing factors differed by gender. Therefore the approach to effective cell phone addiction management program for middle school students should consider gender differences.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between gender, gender role identity, parents' affectionate behaviors and care in Chinese middle school students. Also, this study examines the differences in care among Chinese middle school students with respect to parent's socio-demographic variables. The subjects were 478 3rd grade middle school students in Tianjin, China. The major findings were as follows. There were significant differences in care of Chinese middle school students with respect to mother's job and age. In other words, a higher level of care of Chinese middle school students was shown in students who had an unemployed mother, labour mother or mothers of 46 years and over. As result of examining the main effects of gender, gender role identity and parent's affectionate behaviors caring for Chinese middle school students, there were significant with respect to gender role identity and parents' affectionate behaviors. Masculinity, femininity and androgyny identity demonstrated a higher care than undifferentiated identity. Also, a higher level of care was associated with higher parents' affectionate behaviors. There were interaction effects caused by gender and gender role identity in care for Chinese middle school students. Also, there were interaction effects caused by gender and parent's affectionate behaviors on the nature of care for Chinese middle school students.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

최근 스마트폰의 사용은 전 연령층을 대상으로 급격히 증가하여, 스마트폰 중독 문제를 유발시키고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인구통계학적 변수들을 중심으로 초등학생의 스마트폰 중독에 미치는 영향 요인을 분석하였다. 우선 각 요인별 중독군의 분포 차이와 가장 많이 사용하는 스마트폰 기능의 분포 차이를 분석한 결과, 학년과 성적에 따라 가장 큰 중독 사용자군의 분포 차이를 보였으며, 성별, 학년, 성적에 따라 사용기능의 차이를 보였다. 또한 중독 사용자군별 사용기능의 분포 차이도 유의하다고 할 수 있었다. 이에 더하여, 로짓회귀분석과 결정트리를 통해 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 주는 요인들을 분석하였는데, 학년, 성적, 부모의 맞벌이 여부, 거주지역 순으로 영향이 컸다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.307-322
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• 2008

This study was carried out to examine dietary habits, food frequency and dietary attitudes by gender and nutrition knowledge level in upper-grade school children. Subjects were 223 boys and 208 girls attending 13 elementary schools (5 th and 6 th graders). A self-administered questionnaire was developed to assess nutrition knowledge, dietary habits, food frequency, and dietary attitudes. Nutrition knowledge score assessed by 19 questions was significantly higher in girls than in boys. There were significant differences between boys and girls in several items in dietary habits such as enough breakfast time, dinner regularity, number of side dishes, eating speed, type of snack after dinner, and degree of saltiness of dishes. Girls consumed staple foods such as rice, noodles or bread more frequently, and consumed less frequently ramyun, fried foods, fast foods, and Chinese foods than boys. In addition, girls had more positive dietary attitudes in trying to reduce fast foods, Chinese foods, ramyun and fried foods. Also children in the high or moderate nutrition knowledge level groups had better dietary habits in frequency of meals, frequency of breakfast, enough breakfast time, dinner regularity, activity during the meal, number of side dishes, eating speed, type of snack after dinner, and better food choices by eating staple foods and vegetable side dishes, meats and beans more frequently, and fried foods, doughnuts/cakes, Chinese foods less frequently, and had better dietary attitudes in breakfast, vegetables and fruit intake than children in the low nutrition knowledge level group. Our results showed that dietary habits, food frequency and dietary attitudes were different by gender and nutrition knowledge level. These results suggest that in developing nutrition education program for elementary school children, the differences between gender and nutrition knowledge level should be considered. Nutrition education in elementary schools may change dietary habits and dietary attitudes through increasing nutrition knowledge.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 초등학교 3, 4, 5학년 학생들을 대상으로 학습자의 학업성적에 영향을 미치는 학습자 변인 중 성차 그리고 환경 변인 중 거주지역에 따른 수학교과 학업성적의 차를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 수학교과에서 초등학교 남녀 학생들의 학업성적의 차와 성취수준별 비율의 차이에서 모두 공통된 현상을 보여주는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 초등학교 3학년에서는 여학생의 수학성적이 우위를 나타냈지만 4학년과 5학년에 와서는 이러한 현상이 점점 약화되는 것으로 분석되었다. 한편 수학 학업성적에서의 점수대별 성별 분포를 분석한 결과, 초등학교 5학년까지는 각 점수대별 남녀의 비율이 거의 유사한 현상을 보이는 것으로 나타나 학업성적 수준별 남녀 학생의 비율을 분석한 선행 연구 결과와는 일치하지 않는 현상을 보여주었다. 대도시, 중소도시, 읍면지역 초등학교 3, 4, 5학년 학생들의 수학 학업성적을 분석한 결과에서는 21세기가 한창 진행되고 있는 현대 사회에서도 도농 간 학력격차의 문제는 그대로 진행되고 있으며 더구나 읍면지역 학생들의 낮은 학업성취는 초등학교 4학년부터 본격화되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.85-105
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables on adolescents' perception of parents and children's relationship. Independent variables were the expectation of the parents' role, role performance by adolescents' perception and socio-demographic variables. In order to achieve this purpose, the survey was taken by 758 adolescents (middle & high school students) from Daegu. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, Factor Analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Multivariate Analysis of Variance, Scheffe test for post hoc, and Multiple Regression. The major findings were: 1) Role expectation had significant differences in the grade, gender, birth order, father's level of education, father's job, mother's age, and household economy of socio-demographic variables. Role performance showed significant differences in the grade, gender, father's age, parents' level of education, father's job, and household economy of socio-demographic variables. 2) Adolescents' perception of parents and children's relationship was affected by role expectation and role performance.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.18-31
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• 2019

In addition to technical skills and competencies, communication competence has been identified to be important to engineering students who will be drivers of innovation in a rapidly changing society. Drawing on the previous studies, this research examines the results of an empirical exploration of engineering students' perception of speaking ability and their communicative competence. To date, there has been most of the research conducted on 'writing' (e.g., its educational process, class designs, ability, etc.) for engineering students. However, relatively little attention has been paid to engineering students' speaking ability perception and their competence diagnosis. This study relies on quantitative data obtained from one survey questionnaire and one test conducted respectively. The sample consists of 386 engineering students as well as 481 non-engineering students for the 1st survey. And to measure communicative competence, 150 engineering students as well as 136 non-engineering students participated in the test. Our findings show that firstly, there were significant differences in perception of speaking ability by majors and gender. Whereas there was no difference in the same survey by grade. Secondly, there was a close and significant relationship between sub-factors of speaking ability. Thirdly, there were significant differences in communicative competence by majors. Whereas there was no difference by gender and grade. Fourthly, there was a close and significant relationship between sub-factors of communicative competence. These findings are expected to provide an explanation for the improvement on engineering students' speaking ability and to encourage the participation in extra-curricular activities and programs in engineering school.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the safety knowledge and the level of safety behavior of elementary school children and to investigate the relativeness between them. Methods: The subjects of this study were 909 elementary school children in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province. The collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentile, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and Scheffe test using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The results were as follows. First, the average of safety knowledge level was comparatively low which was 5.7 out of 10, and there were significant differences by gender and grade level. Second, the average of safety behavior was very low which was 9.5 out of 20, and the significant differences in gender and grade level were found. Third, a positive correlation existed between the safety knowledge and safety behavior, but the statistically significant relationship between them was not found. Conclusion: Safety education for children should be designed with purposeful and empirical-practical programs which help children actively cope with dangerous situations.