• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1049-1054
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• 2003

A group of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers (n=14,386) was sampled from a commercial abattoir located in Seoul over one year period (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and their carcass traits were collected. Carcass traits assessed by an official meat grader comprised degree of marbling, meat color, fat color, texture and maturity for quality grade, and back fat thickness, ribeye area and carcass weight for yield grade. A heavier carcass with a higher marbling score, more red meat color and white fat color received better quality grade (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the marbling score was the strongest attribute (partial $R^2=0.88$) for quality grade. Lighter carcasses with a thinner back fat and larger ribeye area received higher yield grade score. The back fat thickness was the most negative determinant of yield grade (Partial $R^2=-0.66$). The slaughter season had a little effect on quality and yield grades. As slaughter weight increased, back fat thickness and ribeye area increased linearly, whereas marbling score reached its asymptotic level at approximately 570 kg. As a consequence, quality grade showed a considerable improvement up to 570 kg, but increases in slaughter weight afterward showed a little benefit on quality grade. There was a clear curvilinear relationship between slaughter weight and yield grade in that the yield grade reached its highest point at approximately 490 kg and decreased afterward. These results suggested that 570kg at the age of 24 months might be the economic slaughter weight for quality grade but 490 kg for yield grade.

• 농촌계획
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to select the study area, which will be formed into Daegu Science Park as an national industrial complex, and to assess the landscape value based on biotop classification with different polygon forms, and to develop and computerize Biotop Value Assessment Tool (B-VAT) based on GIS. The result is as follows. First, according to the result of biotop classification based on an advanced analysis on preliminary data, a field study, and a literature review, total 13 biotop groups such as forrest biotop groups and total 63 biotop types were classified. Second, based on the advanced research on landscape value assessment model of biotop, we development biotop value assessment tool by using visual basic programming language on the ArcGIS. The first application result with B-VAT showed that the first grade was classified into 19 types including riverside forest(BE), the second grade 12 types including artificial plantation(ED), and the third class, the fourth grade, and the fifth grade 12 types, 2 types, and 18 types respectively. Also, according to the second evaluation result with above results, we divided a total number of 31 areas and 34 areas, which had special meaning for landscape conservation(1a, 1b) and which had meaning for landscape conservation(2a, 2b, 2c). As such, biotop type classification and an landscape value evaluation, both of which were suggested from the result of the study, will help to scientifically understand a landscape value for a target land before undertaking reckless development. And it will serve to provide important preliminary data aimed to overcome damaged landscape due to developed and to manage a landscape planning in the future. In particular, we expect that B-VAT based on GIS will help overcome the limitations of applicability for of current value evaluation models, which are based on complicated algorithms, and will be a great contribution to an increase in convenience and popularity. In addition, this will save time and improve the accuracy for hand-counting. However, this study limited to aesthetic-visual part in biotop assessment. Therefore, it is certain that in the future research comprehensive assessment should be conducted with conservation and recreation view.

• 공업화학
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.458-467
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• 2024

5종의 목재에 대한 화재위험성의 예측 및 화재위험성 등급을 평가하기 위해 Chung's equation-IX과 Chung's equation-XII를 이용하였다. 시험편은 미국물푸레나무, 사탕단풍나무, 버드나무, 들메나무, 산벚나무를 선정하였다. 연소시험은 ISO 5660-1의 콘칼로리미터 시험법을 이용하였으며, 화재위험성지수-IX (FRI-IX)과 화재위험성지수-XII (FRI-XII)에 대한 화재위험성과 화재위험성등급(FRR)을 비교하였다. 그 결과 화재성능지수-XI (FPI-XI)와 화재성장지수-XI (FGI-XI)은 0.44~1.05와 0.89~3.11로 얻어졌다. 그리고 화재위험성지수-XII (FRI-XII)는 산벚나무(0.85): 등급 A ≈ PMMA(1): 등급 A ≈ 미국물푸레나무(1.22): 등급 A ≈ 사탕단풍나무(1.53): 등급 A < 버드나무(4.00): 등급 C < 들메나무(7.07): 등급 D 의 순으로 증가하였다. 또한 화재위험성지수-IX (FRI-IX)은 PMMA(1): 등급 A ≈ 사탕단풍나무(2.28): 등급 A ≈ 산벚나무(3.24): 등급 A < 미국물푸레나무(5.73): 등급 B < 들메나무(10.29): 등급 C ≪ 버드나무(48.30): 등급 G의 순으로 나타났다. 공통적으로 화재위험성은 버드나무와 들메나무가 가장 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 FRI-IX와 FRI-XII의 기준을 근거로 하여 보여준 바와 같이 지수의 표현은 다르나, 가연성 재료의 화재위험성평가에 의한 예측은 유사한 경향성을 제시하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1447-1451
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• 2014

Purpose: To compare histopathologic findings of patients who underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TUR-B) between groups with and without the metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of 535 patients who underwent TUR-B in our department between October 2005 and March 2011. All patients had primary urethelial cell carcinoma (UCB). Histologic stage, grade, the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, HDL and trigliseride levels were evaluated. The TNM classification was used, with Ta tumor accepted as lower stage and T1 and T2 tumors as higher stage bladder cancers. Also, the pathological grading adopted by the 2004 World Health Organization grading system were applied. Non-invasive papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential were regarded as low grade. Results: Among the total of 509 patients analyzed in our study, there were 439 males (86.2%) and 70 females (13.8%). Metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with high histologic grade, and high pathologic stage (p<0.001). Conclusions: The patients with metabolic syndrome were found to have statistically significant higher T stage and grade of bladder cancer. Further studies with more patients are needed to confirm our study.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.185-207
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• 2009

This study investigated the extent of informational text genre appeared in English textbooks at grades six, seven, and nine. Employing content analysis to analyze the literary forms, the researcher identified genre in each reading selection of each English textbook and classified it into six categories - fiction, information, biography, poetry, play, or fantasy. Especially, informational genre was classified further into two subcategories - non-narrative and narrative - in order to investigate the extent of non-narrative informational text only. The text genre was examined by analyzing (a) the number of reading selections representing each genre and (b) the number of words in reading selections devoted to each genre. The most frequent type of genre at grade 6 and 7 was fiction with 94% and 71% respectively, whereas at grade 9 it was devoted to information (51%), followed by fiction (37%). The largest number of words was devoted to fiction with 96% at the sixth grade and 70% at the seventh grade; on the other hand, for grade 9, it was devoted to information (46%), followed by fiction (39%). Although there was variance across different publishers, the informational text genre gained more significance as the grade level increased. In particular, the percentage of reading selections and words devoted to the non-narrative or expository informational genre was overall 4% at grade 6, 17% at grade 7, and 44% at grade 9. The findings demonstrated the need to pay more attention to informational literacy especially in the early grades for the development of balanced genre knowledge.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.272-278
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• 1999

폐의 원발성 림프종은 드문 질환으로 저등급 B세포 림프종이 주를 이루며 경과와 예후가 양호한 반면 고등급 B세포 림프종은 경과와 예후가 저등급 B세포 림프종에 비해 좋지 않다. 그리고 그 치료에 대해서는 아직 정확히 제시된 바가 없고 치료경험들에 대한 증례 보고들이 몇몇 있었다. 본 저자는 폐내 종괴와 흉막삼출이 있었던 환자에서 흉막침범 소견이 있었으며 흉막생검을 통해 비교적 급속한 진행경과를 보이는 diffuse large B cell 림프종을 진단하였으며 cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine 그리고 prednisolone의 복합화학요법을 6회 시행후 종괴가 소실된 부분관해를 치험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 증례보고 하는 바이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2013

본 연구는 과중량으로 인해 강등된 도체등급이 등심과 삼겹살의 육질 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 85~150 kg 범위의 500두 출하돈의 도체로부터 평균 크기의 $1^+A$ 등급 도체 7개, A 등급 도체의 상한중량(95 kg)에 근접한 1A 등급 도체 7개, B 등급 도체의 상한중량(99 kg)에 근접한 1B 등급 도체 12개 및 100 kg 이상의 2C 등급 도체 각각 12개를 본 연구의 공시도체로 선발하였다. 근내지방도는 $1^+A$ 등급 도체가 다른 세 등급 도체보다 높았지만 근육과 지방의 색깔 및 조직감 관련 특성은 네 개의 도체등급간 차이가 없었다. 등심의 색깔, pH, 화학적 조성 및 조직감 관련 품질 특성은 도체등급 저하로 인해 단지 최소 수준만 변하였다. 등심 및 삼겹살 신선육에 대한 관능검사에서 이취는 도체등급의 영향을 받지 않았고, 수분삼출도는 $1^+A$ 등급 도체가 가장 낮았으며, 색깔과 근내지방도는 도체등급의 영향을 받지 않거나 최소한의 영향을 받았다. 그러나 이들 부위 신선육의 기호도는 도체등급간 차이가 없었다. 등심과 삼겹살 가열육에서는 맛과 기호도가 비록 구배는 낮았지만 도체등급이 저하될수록 저하되는 경향을 보였고 적어도 $1^+A$와 2C 등급간에는 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 결론적으로 과중량으로 인해 등급이 저하된 돼지 도체는 육질 또한 약간 저하되었는데 이는 즉 돼지 도체의 규격등급이 어느 정도는 육질도 반영함을 시사한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the influence of the period of disease on Bell's palsy patients Methods : We investigated 40 cases of patients with peripheral facial palsy who visited Yumin Oriental Hospital from 1st January to 31st August, 2008 with both oriental and western medical therapy and classified them as period of disease. The period of disease of Group A was within 3 days. The period of disease of Group B was from 4 to 10days. We evaluated the treatment effect of each group by House-Brackmann grade before treatment and 1, 2 week treatment. Results: 1. There was a statistical significant difference in period of disease between Group A and Group B. 2. After 1 week treatment, Group A showed more recovery compared with Group B. 3. After 2 week treatment, there was no statistical significant difference in House-Brackmann grade between Group A and Group B Conclusions : These results suggest that early treatment could be more effective in recovery of Bell's palsy.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

규격돈의 비육돈육(B 등급육)에 0.3%의 쑥 분말을 첨가한 수육(B$_{+}$ 수육)과 첨가하지 않은 수육(B$_{0}$ 수육), 그리고 종빈돈에서 생산된 육(E 등급육)에 쑥 분말을 첨가한 수육(E$_{+}$ 수육)과 첨가하지 않은 수육(B$_{0}$ 수육)을 제조하고, 도체등급과 쑥 분말이 이화학적, 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 수육의 pH, 휘발성 염기질소 함량, 일반세균 수, 열량, 필수아미노산, 유리아미노산, 불포화지방산 조성, 황색도, 종합적 기호도는 원료육의 등급과 쑥 분말 첨가 유무에 관계없이 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. B$_{0}$수육의 보수력, 탄성 및 명도는 E$_{0}$ 수육보다 높았다(p＜0.05). B$_{0}$ 수육의 적색도는 E$_{0}$수육보다 낮게 나타났다(p＜0.05). B$_{0}$ 수육의 맛과 연도는 E$_{0}$ 수육보다 현저히 우수하였다(p<0.05). 쑥 분말 첨가에 의하여 수육의 보수력, TBARS 값 및 아질산이온 잔류량이 낮아졌다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권2B호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2006

위치기반서비스의 활성화를 위해서는 개인위치정보에 대한 보호와 공익적 활용의 보장이 필수적이다. 이를 위해서는 위치정보에 대한 등급지정을 하는 것이 필요하다. 위치정보 등급지정이란 위치기반서비스별로 적합한 위치정보품질을 적용시키는 것으로서 위치정보의 이용약관에 등급을 명시해줌으로써 위치정보의 신뢰성을 높이고 이용자의 선택권을 강화시킬 수 있는 제도이다. 향후 높은 수요가 예상되는 위치기반서비스 산업의 지속적인 성장을 위해서 위치정보 등급(지정) 제도의 도입이 시급히 요구된다.