• Archives of design research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for establishment of a desirable design promotion policy drive by research and analysis of recognition to design by consumers (including students) and designers and their level, merchandise evaluation evaluation and obstructing factors in revitalization of designs. To implement such purpose as referred to hereinabove, research was made by introduction of questionaires which were distributed to 500 persons of consumers group and 350 individuals of registered designers in Seoul, and for analysis of the data, density and percentage (%) were obtained by use of SAS Package and the dispersed analysis and correlationship were added for necessary parts. The result of study is summarized as follows; (l)The consumers remind the design as costume (21%) and molding (20%), and the designers remind it as creativity (27%) & molding (14%) respectively and the reminding of design by the two groups was indicated very simi lar. (p < 0.001) (2)As per the recogni tion of roles by the designers the research has highly indicated as contribution to improving living standards or development of economy & industry, and also indicated that it creates excessive consumption with sti$$\mu$ative manner. (3)The design reacts as an important parameter in selecting cri teria of merchandises and deciding factors for purchasing and also, in enhancement of competitive power of merchandise impact of design (2.36) was regarded very high. (4)The Korean-made home appliances in image is assessed as vulnerable than that of Japanese products, and the product designing level is also shown difference from advanced countries (1.36), but has indicated as somewhat better than those competitive nations (0.51) (5)The satisfaction to design policy of the Gov't is very low (1.69) and they recommended for new establishment of Policy undertaking department within the Gov't and indicated reasearch & development of design as the major issue. In regard to the above I'd like to emphasize the design industry $$\mu$t be dealt with the national level as a whole in order to promote thereof.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2019

Background: Glutamate is implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine, a common neurological disorder. Therefore, glutamate receptor antagonists (GluRAs) have been suggested as a novel migraine treatment that are able to overcome the limitations of triptans. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of GluRAs for patients with migraine. Method: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Clinical Trial.gov databases were searched for randomized placebo-controlled trials of the efficacy of GluRAs for patients with migraine conducted up to August 2019. Two independent reviewers screened the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed quality assessment and data extraction. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis. Results: Three studies involving a total of 206 patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with placebo, GluRAs significantly improved the pain-free response at 2 hours (odds ratio [OR]=3.85, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]=1.63-9.09) and the 24-hour sustained pain freedom (OR=7.40; 95% CIs=2.36-23.20). The use of rescue medications with GluRAs was lower compared to that with placebo, but the difference was not significant (OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.10-1.47). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that GluRAs were more effective than placebo for patients with migraine.

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.92.1-92.9
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• 2018

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the pulmonary recruitment maneuver (PRM) at the end of the operation to decrease laparoscopy-induced abdominal or shoulder pain after gynecological oncologic surgery. Methods: In total, 113 women undergoing laparoscopic surgery for malignant or premalignant gynecological lesions were assigned randomly to two groups: the PRM group (the patient was placed in the Trendelenburg position ($30^{\circ}$) and the PRM, consisting of two manual pulmonary inflations to a maximum pressure of $40cmH_2O$) (n=54) and the control group (n=52). Postoperative shoulder and abdominal pain was assessed 12, 24, and 48 hours later using a visual analog scale (0-10). In addition, the incidence of post-discharge nausea and vomiting was recorded until 48 hours after discharge. Results: Postoperative shoulder pain at 12 and 24 hours was significantly less severe in the PRM group ($2.2{\pm}0.5$ and $2.0{\pm}0.4$) than in the control group ($4.0{\pm}0.5$ and $3.9{\pm}0.4$; both p<0.001). The PRM significantly reduced the severity of upper abdominal pain at 12 and 24 h compared with the control group ($3.1{\pm}0.4$ and $2.9{\pm}0.4$ vs. $2.9{\pm}0.5$ and $4.9{\pm}0.5$; both p<0.001). The analgesic requirement during the postoperative period was similar in the two groups (control group, 78.8%; PRM group, 75.9%; p=0.719). Conclusion: The PRM effectively and safely reduced postoperative shoulder and upper abdominal pain levels in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological oncologic surgery. Trial registry at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01940042.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.321-333
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• 2022

Objectives: Extensive evidence links low vitamin D status and comorbidities with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, but the results of published studies are contradictory. Therefore, we investigated the association of lower levels of vitamin D and comorbidities with the risk of COVID-19 infection. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov for articles published until August 20, 2021. Sixteen eligible studies were identified (386 631 patients, of whom 181 114 were male). We included observational cohort and case-control studies that evaluated serum levels of vitamin D in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Significantly lower vitamin D levels were found in COVID-19-positive patients (MD, -1.70; 95% CI, -2.74 to -0.66; p=0.001), but with variation by study design (case-control: -4.04; 95% CI, -5.98 to -2.10; p<0.001; cohort: -0.39; 95% CI, -1.62 to 0.84; p=0.538). This relationship was more prominent in female patients (MD, -2.18; 95% CI, -4.08 to -0.28; p=0.024) than in male patients (MD, -1.74; 95% CI, -3.79 to 0.31; p=0.096). Male patients showed higher odds of having low vitamin D levels (odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.38 to 3.17; p<0.001) than female patients (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.86; p=0.477). Comorbidities showed inconsistent, but generally nonsignificant, associations with COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Low serum vitamin-D levels were significantly associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection. This relationship was stronger in female than in male COVID-19 patients. Limited evidence was found for the relationships between comorbidities and COVID-19 infection, warranting large population-based studies to clarify these associations.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.316-324
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• 2021

Background: Korea Red Ginseng (KRG) has been used as remedies with hepato-protective effects in liver-related condition. Microbiota related gut-liver axis plays key roles in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. We evaluated the effect of KRG on gut-liver axis in patients with nonalcoholic statohepatitis by the modulation of gut-microbiota. Methods: A total of 94 patients (KRG: 45 and placebo: 49) were prospectively randomized to receive KRG (2,000 mg/day, ginsenoside Rg1+Rb1+Rg3 4.5mg/g) or placebo during 30 days. Liver function test, cytokeraton 18, and fatigue score were measured. Gut microbiota was analyzed by MiSeq systems based on 16S rRNA genes. Results: In KRG group, the mean levels (before vs. after) of aspartate aminotransferase (53 ± 19 vs. 45 ± 23 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (75 ± 40 vs. 64 ± 39 IU/L) and fatigue score (33 ± 13 vs. 26 ± 13) were improved (p < 0.05). In placebo group, only fatigue score (34 ± 13 vs. 31 ± 15) was ameliorated (p < 0.05). The changes of phyla were not statistically significant on both groups. In KRG group, increased abundance of Lactobacillus was related with improved alanine aminotransferase level and increased abundance of Clostridium and Intestinibacter was associated with no improvement after KRG supplementation. In placebo group, increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae could be related with aggravation of liver enzyme (p < 0.05). Conclusion: KRG effectively improved liver enzymes and fatigue score by modulating gut-microbiota in patients with fatty liver disease. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of improvement of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ClnicalTrials.gov: NCT03945123 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5755-5762
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• 2015

Background: Short-course preoperative radiation (SCRT) with delayed surgery was found to increase pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in several trials. However, there was no clear answer on whether SCRT or long-course chemo-radiotherapy (LCRT) is more effective. Therefore we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SCRT versus LCRT, both with delayed surgery, for treatment of rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: The literature was searched from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov up to November, 2014. Quality of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was evaluated according to the Cochrane's risk of bias tool of RCT. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to rate the level of evidence. Review Manager 5.3 was employed for statistical analysis. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Three RCTs, with a total of 357 rectal cancer patients, were included in this systematic review. Metaanalysis results demonstrated there were no significantly differences in sphincter preservation rate, local recurrence rate, grade 3~4 acute toxicity, R0 resection rate and downstaging rate. Compared with SCRT, LCRT was associated with significant increase in the pCR rate [RR=0.49, 95%CI (0.31, 0.78), P=0.003]. Conclusions: In terms of sphincter preservation rate, local recurrence rate, grade 3~4 acute toxicity, R0 resection rate and downstaging rate, SCRT with delayed surgery is as effective as LCRT with delayed surgery for management of rectal cancer. LCRT significantly increased pCR rate compared with SCRT. Due to risk of bias and imprecision, further multi-center large sample RCTs were needed to confirm this conclusion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.395-395
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• 2018

기후변화 및 토지이용변화에 따라 강우량 및 증발산량 등과 같은 물순환계 구성요소가 변화하면 유역에서의 물순환계가 영향을 받게 된다. 이렇게 변화된 유역의 물순환계를 종합적으로 관리하기 위해서는 물순환 개선 기술을 통한 지속가능하고 건전한 물순환체계의 구축이 필요하다. 유역 물순환 개선 기술은 기후변화가 진행 중에 있거나 예상되는 지역에 대하여 강우-유출수를 지연, 저류, 침투시켜 지속가능한 물순환체계를 유지 회복하도록 하는 기술이라 할 수 있다. 한국건설기술연구원에서는 기후변화 대비 수자원 적응기술 개발 연구단(CCAW, Climate Change Adaptation for Water resources)의 연구비 지원을 받아 유역 건전성 및 취약성을 평가 하고 취약한 유역에 대한 물순환 개선기술을 확보하기 위한 연구를 수행 중에 있다. 특히, 수년간 국가연구개발사업을 통해 개발되고 사업화에 성공한바 있는 유역 물순환 평가 모형인 CAT(Catchment hydrologic cycle Assessment Tool)을 수정 개선하여 수요자 중심의 활발한 현장 적용을 도모하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개발된 유역 물순환 개선 및 평가시스템의 적용성 평가를 위하여 대상유역으로 태국의 Lam Takhong 저수지 유역을 선정하였다. Lam Takhong 저수지 유역은 유역면적은 $1,423km^2$이며 저류량은 약 $440{\times}106m^3$이다. 입력자료인 DEM, Land Cover 자료는 USGS Hydro1K (https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/), 하천망 및 유역경계 자료는 USGS HydroSHEDS (https://hydrosheds.cr.usgs.gov/dataavail.php), 기상 및 관측 유입량, 저수지 제원 등의 자료는 APEC 기후센터의 협조를 받아 1976년부터 2016년까지의 일단위 자료를 이용하였다. 모의결과는 저수지 월별 관측 유입량과 상류 유역의 모의 유출량을 이용하여 비교-분석 하였다. Lam Takhong 저수지 상류 유역은 APEC 기후센터에서 SWAT 모형을 이용하여 저수지 유입량 분석을 수행한 바 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 SWAT 모의결과와 비교하여 그 적용성을 검증하였다. 월별 관측 유입량과 저수지 상류 유역 모의 유출량을 비교한 결과 CAT의 경우 결정계수(R2) 값이 0.86, SWAT은 0.76으로 나타나 CAT의 적용 결과가 좀 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 모의 결과는 매개변수 최적화 과정을 거치지 않은 결과이며 SWAT 모형과의 결과 비교를 위하여 매개변수는 동일하게 적용하였다. 향후 매개변수 최적화 모듈을 통해 검 보정 단계를 거친다면 정밀한 분석이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.546-554
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• 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension often occur together, amplifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and emphasizing the need for a multitargeted treatment approach. American ginseng (AG) and Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) species could improve glycemic control via complementary mechanisms. Additionally, a KRG-inherent component, ginsenoside Rg3, may moderate blood pressure (BP). Our objective was to investigate the therapeutic potential of coadministration of Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng (Rg3-KRG) and AG, added to standard of care therapy, in the management of hypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors in type-2 diabetes. Methods: Within a randomized controlled, parallel design of 80 participants with type-2 diabetes (HbA1c: 6.5-8%) and hypertension (systolic BP: 140-160 mmHg or treated), supplementation with either 2.25 g/day of combined Rg3-KRG + AG or wheat-bran control was assessed over a 12-wk intervention period. The primary endpoint was ambulatory 24-h systolic BP. Additional endpoints included further hemodynamic assessment, glycemic control, plasma lipids and safety monitoring. Results: Combined ginseng intervention generated a mean ± SE decrease in primary endpoint of 24-h systolic BP (-3.98 ± 2.0 mmHg, p = 0.04). Additionally, there was a greater reduction in HbA1c (-0.35 ± 0.1% [-3.8 ± 1.1 mmol/mol], p = 0.02), and change in blood lipids: total cholesterol (-0.50 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), non-HDL-C (-0.54 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), triglycerides (-0.40 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.02) and LDL-C (-0.35 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.06) at 12 wks, relative to control. No adverse safety outcomes were observed. Conclusion: Coadministration of Rg3-KRG + AG is an effective addon for improving BP along with attaining favorable cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Ginseng derivatives may offer clinical utility when included in the polypharmacy and lifestyle treatment of diabetes. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT01578837;

• Informatization Policy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.48-78
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• 2017

In this study, to reveal determinant factors for degree of open data it conduct empirical analysis for ODB(Open Data Barometer) and OUR Index(Open, Useful, Reusable Government Data Index) that are global open data index among 26 countries. As a result of multiple regression analysis, First focus is on ODB. In the Model 1 with independent variables, e-Government, SW Market size and government efficacy are significantly positive effect for ODB. In the Model 2 with independent variables and moderating variable, e-Government, SW market size and social capital are significantly positive effect for ODB. In the Model 3 with independent variables, moderating variable and interaction term, e-Government and social capital are significantly positive effect for ODB. Second focus is on OUR Index. In the Model 1 and the Model 2 e-Government is significantly positive effect for OUR Index. In the Model, e-Government and SW market size ${\times}$ social capital(interaction term) are significantly positive effect for OUR Index. And in path analysis, only ODB alternative model show Government efficacy with social capital has full mediation effect. In OUR Index alternative model there is no mediation effect with social capital.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.255-266
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• 2017

Purpose: Although Roux-en-Y (R-Y) reconstruction after distal gastrectomy has several advantages, such as prevention of bile reflux into the remnant stomach, it is rarely used because of the technical difficulty. This prospective randomized clinical trial aimed to show the efficacy of a novel method of R-Y reconstruction involving the use of 2 circular staplers by comparing this novel method to Billroth-I (B-I) reconstruction. Materials and Methods: A total of 118 patients were randomly allocated into the R-Y (59 patients) and B-I reconstruction (59 patients) groups. R-Y anastomosis was performed using two circular staplers and no hand sewing. The primary end-point of this clinical trial was the reflux of bile into the remnant stomach evaluated using endoscopic and histological findings at 6 months after surgery. Results: No significant differences in clinicopathological findings were observed between the 2 groups. Although anastomosis time was significantly longer for the patients of the R-Y group (P<0.001), no difference was detected between the 2 groups in terms of the total surgery duration (P=0.112). Endoscopic findings showed a significant reduction of bile reflux in the remnant stomach in the R-Y group (P<0.001), and the histological findings showed that reflux gastritis was more significant in the B-I group than in the R-Y group (P=0.026). Conclusions: The results of this randomized controlled clinical trial showed that compared with B-I reconstruction, R-Y reconstruction using circular staplers is a safe and feasible procedure. This clinical trial study was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov (registration No. NCT01142271).