• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1380-1385
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• 2010

Buffalo meat patties with two fat levels, F1 (15% added fat) and F2 (5% added fat and 3% tapioca starch), were cooked in a pre-heated hot air oven (HO) at $175{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, in a microwave oven (MO) for 70 sec and by pressure cooking (PC) at 15 psi pressure for 10 min. and compared for physico-chemical, processing, sensory and microbiological quality attributes. F2 had significantly (p<0.05) higher value for the moisture and moisture protein ratio than F1. However, MO and PC patties had significantly (p<0.05) higher moisture content than HO-cooked buffalo meat patties irrespective of fat content. Highest fat percentage was in MO patties while the minimum was in PC patties. Moisture and fat retention and cooking yield were highest in MO patties irrespective of added fat content in the formulation. Cooking yield and dimensional parameters were better maintained in F2 than F1. Sensory scores viz. appearance and color, flavour, juiciness and texture for HO patties were better than other cooking methods. Sensory panelists rated overall acceptability of HO patties very good to excellent, whereas PC and MO patties were rated as good to very good irrespective of fat content. Microbiological quality was comparable in both groups irrespective of cooking methods used.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.95-112
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• 1998

Water quality in the public water course has been polluted more seriously than ever before due to the increase of the number and aremount of pollution sources such as domestic and industrial wastewater. For water quality conservation, the Korean government has been trying to construct sewage treatment facilities continually, of which treatment capacity reached to 11,452,400m$^{3}$/day in 1996. Night soil treatment facilites of m nationwide have the treatment capacity of 24,038m$^{3}$/day. But water quality has not been improved because the sewer systems were insufficient and the treatment efficiencies of sewage were not high, enough. For renovation of water quality, miscellaneous domestic wastewater must be treated because 27g BOD/day out of total 40g BOD/person-day come from miscellaneous wastewater, comparing to 13g BOD/day from night soil. However, sole treatment purifier treat only night soil from the flushing toilet. Therefore, it may be desirable to treat the miscellaneous domestic wastewater and the night soil from flushing toilet together by joint treatment purifier system as on-site domestic wastewater treatment technology. In Korea, the joint treatment purifier system, introduced in 1997, have the benefit as follows; i) good water poiluion control effect, ii ) good effect on river water flow, iii) water pollution control with sewage treatment facility, and iv) rapid pollution control effect, etc. In order to achieve a good effect as stated before, i ) strengthening effluent guideline including BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus, ii ) specializing operation to maintain high performance, and iii) supporting its construction and maintenance costs by the governmental level may be necessary: In addition, automation system of joint treatment purifier, technology for its package and compactness, and a new bio-media bio-filter with higher capacity should be further developed in agreement with a more stringent effluent guideline.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.859-869
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the subjective oral health awareness, oral health knowledge, oral health behavior and OHIP-14 in industrial workers. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 243 workers in Jeonbuk May 7 to June 10, 2014. Except incomplete answers, 230 data were analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(sex, age, career, marital status, abd family), oral health recognition characteristics(oral health attention, subjective oral health status, and oral health concern), oral health knowledge, oral health behavior, and oral health related quality of life. The instrument was 14 questions od OHIP-14 including functional restriction(2 questions), physical pain(2 questions), psychological discomfort(2 questions), physical ability decease(2 questions), psychological function decease(2 questions), social activity decrease (2 questions), and social discomfort(2 questions). Cronbach's alpha was 0.949 in this study and it was reliable. Results: Oral health interests showed that 57.8% of the workers had concern for oral health interests and 50.4% perceived that their subjective oral health was moderate status. 55.6% of the workers answered that their oral health status was very worried. Women had more knowledge about the oral health. Those who were in fifties tended to have more knowledge of oral health than the other age groups. Those who had more concern for oral health included female workers, married workers, and workers above 21 years. The concern for oral health made the workers keep good oral health. Higher score of OHIP-14 means good oral health. Conclusions: Good oral health-related quality of life is proportional to continuous management of oral health and subjective oral health status. It is necessary to develop the tailored oral health education program for the workers.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.278-283
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• 2003

Addition of ethanol and/or polylysine to kimchi was investigated to improve its microbial hygienic quality and to extend shelf-life. Ethanol was added to kimchi with several concentrations(0.3％, 0.6％, 0.9％) and stored at 10$^{\circ}C$. Addition of 0.6％ and 0.9％ ethanol showed apparent inhibitory effect on growth of microorganism, but any distinct difference was not found between those concentrations. Addition of ethanol was more effective on growth inhibition of coliform and lactic acid bacteria than others. Addition of 0.6％ and 0.9％ ethanol retarded apparently pH decrease and acidity increase. Although addition of 0.6％ ethanol in combination with 0.12％ polylysine showed good retardation of pH decrease and acidity increase, overall organoleptic quality was not good because of off-flavor and taste. Also, addition of 0.6％ ethanol showed good overall organoleptic quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.815-825
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• 2019

Objective: To effectively use corn stover resources as animal feed, the changes in microbial population and chemical composition of corn stover during field exposure, and their silage fermentation and in vitro digestibility were studied. Methods: Corn cultivars (Jintian, Jinnuo, and Xianyu) stovers from 4 random sections of the field were harvested at the preliminary dough stage of maturity on September 2, 2015. The corn stover exposed in the field for 0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 180 d, and their silages at 60 d of ensiling were used for the analysis of microbial population, chemical composition, fermentation quality, and in vitro digestibility. Data were analyzed with a completely randomized $3{\times}6$ [corn stover cultivar $(C){\times}exposure$ d (D)] factorial treatment design. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS ver. 9.0 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: Aerobic bacteria were dominant population in fresh corn stover. After ensiling, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) became the dominant bacteria, while other microbes decreased or dropped below the detection level. The crude protein (CP) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) for fresh stover were 6.74% to 9.51% and 11.75% to 13.21% on a dry matter basis, respectively. After exposure, the CP and WSC contents decreased greatly. Fresh stover had a relatively low dry matter while high WSC content and LAB counts, producing silage of good quality, but the dry stover did not. Silage fermentation inhibited nutrient loss and improved the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility. Conclusion: The results confirm that fresh corn stover has good ensiling characteristics and that it can produce silage of good quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1267-1267
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• 2001

The existing fruit sorter has the method of tilting tray and extracting fruits by the action of solenoid or springs. In peaches, the most sort processing is supported by man because the sorter make fatal damage to peaches. In order to sustain commodity and quality of peach non-destructive, non-contact and real time based sorter was needed. This study was performed to develop peach sorter using near-infrared spectroscopy in real time and nondestructively. The prototype was developed to decrease internal and external damage of peach caused by the sorter, which had a way of extracting tray with it. To decrease positioning error of measuring sugar contents in peaches, fiber optic with two direction diverged was developed and attached to the prototype. The program for sorting and operating the prototype was developed using visual basic 6.0 language to measure several quality index such as chlorophyll, some defect, sugar contents. The all sorting result was saved to return farmers for being index of good quality production. Using the prototype, program and MLR(multiple linear regression) model, it was possible to estimate sugar content of peaches with the determination coefficient of 0.71 and SEC of 0.42bx using 16 wavelengths. The developed MLR model had determination coefficient of 0.69, and SEP of 0.49bx, it was better result than single point measurement of 1999's. The peach sweetness grading system based on NIR reflectance method, which consists of photodiode-array sensor, quartz-halogen lamp and fiber optic diverged two bundles for transmitting the light and detecting the reflected light, was developed and evaluated. It was possible to predict the soluble solid contents of peaches in real time and nondestructively using the system which had the accuracy of 91 percentage and the capacity of 7,200 peaches per an hour for grading 2 classes by sugar contents. Draining is one of important factors for production peaches having good qualities. The reason why one farm's product belows others could be estimated for bad draining, over-much nitrogen fertilizer, soil characteristics, etc. After this, the report saved by the peach grading system will have to be good materials to farmers for production high quality peaches. They could share the result or compare with others and diagnose their cultural practice.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2010

We examined the accuracy and efficiency of phantom by applying the designed phantom in order to check daily quality assurance easily by objective criteria and to confirm daily quality assurance of linear accelerator, simulator, and CT-simulator. The results of 10 weeks of linear accelerator output dose using American Association of Physicists in Medicine(AAPM) daily quality assurance guide were measured within ${\pm}1%$ of error. Mechanical check of laser alignment, optical distance indicator(ODI), CT scanner laser and alignment of gantry lasers with the center of imaging plane were measured within ${\pm}1mm$. Daily average working time for daily quality assurance of radiation therapy equipments was 38 minutes. The designed phantom was easy to install and daily quality assurance was possible with only one installation. The aspects reproducibility and efficiency as well as accuracy of quality assurance were excellent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.376-381
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• 2004

The goal of this article is to stress the importance of good quality in telecommunication services and to introduce two basic concepts on the service quality in the telecommunication industry: QoS(Quality of Service) and NP(Network Performance) Based on these notions, presented is an integrated scheme for quality improvement in telecommunication services. Tn particular , proposed with this framework Is an efficient and effective establishment of a balanced set of parameters for continuous monitoring and correct ions of service performance.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

In order to define about concern with discharge and water-quality, it is calculated drought flow, low flow, normal flow and wet flow in Chungju watershed from flow duration analysis. Water quality modeling study is performed for forecasting at upstream of Chungju lake. It is devided method of modeling into before and after the equipment of environmental treatment institution. And it is estimated the change of water quality. Before the equipment of environmental treatment, BOD concentration is increased from 23000 to 2006 years at all site and decrease on 2012 years. The rate of increasing BOD concentration is showed height between 2000 years and 2003 years most of all site. And after the equipment of environmental treatment, it is showed first grade of BOD water quality in most of sample site beside Jucheon river. The result of water quality modeling using drought flow showed that a lot of pollution occurred. And water quality using wet flow is good, so much discharge make more improve water quality than little discharge.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 1997

Although it produces well-treated water in water treatment plant, water quality at the tap can be changed depending on the state of pipes. It is because water quality deteriorates as plant water passes through pipeline networks. Therefore, the improvement of not only water treatment technology but also O & M of water pipelines is required to supply good water to consumers. The purpose of the study was to obtain the basic data of control technology for water quality in pipes through investigating water quality in distribution system. We selected 11 sampling sites and investigated water quality from plant to endpoint of distribution system. we also simulated decreasing tendency of free chlorine through pipeline network. As the result of water quality test, all parameters were below allowable levels, but some parameters had the possibility of being over levels. So there must be more work to set up proper countermeasure for violable parameters.