• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.313-319
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• 2009

A complex maritime resort combined marina and with course of Korea is required to improve international tourism competitiveness by taking advantage of her environmental favorable circumstances. The development of tourism, however, is focused on land-oriented that incurred lower tourism efficiency and international tourism competitiveness. In addition, the regulation of "Preliminary environmental assessment for golf courses" by the Ministry of Environment is emphasized on land geography and geology that can cause damage of tourist attractions in an island region. In particular, the development of 6th or 7th ridges in mountainous island region within 2km from the sea, that holds scenic and academic value, can go against environment-friendly by geographical and geological damage. According to the regulation for consultation for golf courses and forestry is to preserve regional ecosystem over 6th ridge, but it cannot be applicable to island region because that can form excessive slopes where marine ecosystem is required to be maintained. It, therefore, can be desirable that the development of over 6th ridge in an island region. It is suggested that continuous comparative studies of geographical and geological characteristics between land and island region will be carried on to establish feasible and reasonable development model so that balanced development of land and island, and versatile international environment-friendly maritime resort can be achieved and developed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2002

Host plants of Popillia quadriguttata (Fabricius) were investigated in golf courses, Fifteen plant species of 15 genera in 13 families were confirmed as host plants of P. quadriguttata. Thus, total number of host plants of P. quadriguttata was 26 species of 25 genera in 18 families including 11 recorded species in literature. In addition, P. quadriguttata adults fed on 30 plant species of 25 genera in 19 families out of the 69 plant species of 53 genera in 33 families supplied as food in laboratory, P. quadriguttata adults preferred Wistaria floribunda in golf courses but Tilia mandshuric, Platanus orientalis, Diospyros lotus, Punica granatum and Chionanthus retusa in laboratory.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.201-212
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• 1999

In use of pesticides in golf courses has been increased steadily. Environmental concern as well as decrease in efficiency led the turfgrass management into an alternate approach of using beneficial microorganism to deal with turfgrass pests. This study was focused on the use of such microorganisms for improving cultural environment and minimizing the use of pesticides. Microorganisms antagonistic to turfgrass diseases were applied to zoysiagrass fairways and creeping bentgrass greens in Yusung country club. Tharch accumulation, disease occurrence, and other cultural environments were compared among the combinations of microorganisms and suppliemental N applications. The application of microorganisms antagonistic to turfgrass diseases improved turf resiliency. Thatch thickness was 3.03cm in the control plot but it was 2.11cm in plots treated by microorganisms, indicating significant effects of microorganism application on reduction of thatch accumulation. Number of microorganism that can decompose of cellulose was higher at the plots treated with useful microbial products and it was considered that existence of higher population of microorganisms resulted in reduction of thatch accumulation. In the evaluation of relationship between thatch accumulation and disease occurrence, greater thatch accumulation was observed at the golf courses which have been frequently infested by large patch. However, the rate of thatch accumulation varied among surveyed golf courses regardless of the year of turf establishment. Therefore, management practice which can be effective for reduction of thatch could result in large patch suppression. The application of microorganisms on the established turfgrasses reduced the occurrence rate of pythium blight and yellow path diseases, whereas occurrence of brown patch and dollar spot increased.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.2_3
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• pp.55-60
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• 1993

Soil profile was well developed into four horizons, $A_1$, $A_3$, $B_2$and C at 100cm-depth in most four golf courses in Kyonggi province. Distribution of root system of Korean lawngrass was abundant in dark yellowish or yellowish brown $A_1$ horizon with low hardness(8~14mm yamanaka scale), moderately in yellowish brown $A_3$ horizon with moderate hardness(16~23mm) rarely in $B_3$horizon(15~60cm depth) and no in C horizon. Optimum soil hardness for good root growth of Korean lawngrass appeared to be less than 16mm mineral nutrient contents. Such as Ca++, Mg++, K+, Mn++ and Fe showed relatively higher concentration in lower horizon indicating the leaching of minerals. The increasing tendency of soil pH with depth seemed to the result of mineral leaching. There was significant positive correlation between Ca+Mg and pH, manganese content appeared to be too high(261~789ppm) in $A_1$ horizon. The contents of organic matter and phosphorus were bight in $A_1$ horizon and greatly varied among golf courses.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.253-262
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of golf participants' major hitting factors on their consumption behavior characteristics and golf consumption behavior. To achieve this objective, the study subjects were set as the population aged 20 years or older who use golf courses and driving ranges in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do, and then 158 males and 172 females using cluster random sampling. A total of 300 persons were selected as the study subjects. The survey tool was the questionnaire method, and among the tools that had already been used to verify the reliability and validity of the questionnaire in domestic and foreign previous studies, it was reused or modified or supplemented according to the variables of this study. The collected data were winter-processed according to the purpose of analysis using the SPSS statistical program as follows. The results obtained through this process are as follows. First, it was found that the major players participating in golf had partial differences in the characteristics of golf consumption behavior. Second, it was found that the major hitters participating in golf had a partial difference in their golf consumption behavior. Third, it was found that the golf consumption behavior characteristics of golf participants partially affected the golf consumption behavior.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2011

Host plants of Popillia flavosellata (Coleoptera: Ruteridae) were investigated at the courses of three golf clubs, East Valley Golf Club, Anyang Benest Golf Club, and Anseong Benest Golf Club and their surrounded forests. In addition, seasonal occurrence was examined from East Valley Golf Club using Japanese beetle pheromone lure and a eugenol feeding attractant. Twenty six species of 25 genera in 18 families were recorded as hosts of P. flavosellata from given surveyed golf clubs. Out of them, 22 species of 21 genera in 15 families were newly recorded host plants of P. flavosellata. Thus, host plants of P. flavosellata were 49 species of 41 genera in 23 families in total including hosts from literatures. The main damage part of P. flavosellata adult was flower of host plants. Peak activity of P. flavosellata adult was observed around 20 June. Mean numbers of attracted P. flavosellata adults at the peak day were 197.6/trap/day in 2008 and 268.1 in 2010, respectively. Occurrence of P quadriguttata was much lower compared with P. flavosellata at the given golf club. That is, mean numbers of attracted P quadriguttata adults from the same trap at the peak: day were 0.4/trap/day in 2008 and 2010, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.26-34
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between golfer satisfaction and the diverse variables of golf course design and operation from the golfer's point of view. It was intended to reflect the various expectations and desires of golfers regarding golf course design and operation. The study was conducted on 119 golf courses in Korea, and 309 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Results are summarized as follows. First, the most influential operational service variables on golfer satisfaction were "appearance of the golf courses", followed by "staff service", and "greens fee". Second, the most influential course design and maintenance factor variables on satisfaction were "course maintenance status", "teeing ground characteristics", and "landscape architecture". Third, based on the results shown in these two areas, a linear regression analysis was conducted to synthetically explain "operational service" variables and "course design and maintenance" variables. As a result, it was found that the explanation power of the synthetic model was 36.5%, and a model appropriateness test was found to be positive. As a result of a regression analysis of the synthetic model affecting golfer satisfaction, the most influential factors were "course maintenance status" followed by "landscape architecture", "tee characteristics", and "staff service". Regarding coefficient values, course maintenance status had an influence of 21.8% followed by landscape architecture at 20%, tee characteristics at 17.7%, and staff service at 15.5%. These results were found to be different from preceding studies that emphasized golf course operational service.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2001

Host plants or Ectinohoplia rufipes (Motschulsky) (En) were investigated in golf courses and laboratory. E. rufipes adults fed on 61 plant species of 27 families out of 101 plant species of 41 families supplied in laboratory. In addition, twenty-seven plant species in 8 families were observed to be fed on from golf courses. Thus, total number of host plants of E. rufipes were 84 species in 29 families. E. rufipes adults preferred Japanese green alder (Alnus firma) , cherry apple (Malus sieholdii), cherry (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea) and sweet oliver (Osmantus asiaticus) in golf courses . The preference of E. rufipes adults with A. firma , P. serrulata vu. spontanea and O. asiaticus was bioassayed in laboratory. E. rufies adults preferred A. firma consuming 58.1% to O. asiaticus and p. serrulata vats. spontanea. The most number of E. rufipes adults was attracted to damaged leaf of A. firma by E. rufipes representing 45.3clo and followed by artificial damaged leaf representing 26.5% , untried feeding leaf representing 12.9% and undamaged leaf representing 4.0%. More E. rufipes adults were attracted to damaged leaf of A. firma by 67.5% than artificially damaged leaf by 30.5% or undamaged leaf treated with feces of E. rufipes by 2%.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.2_3
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• pp.129-135
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• 1993

Surface soils and aerial parts of Korean lawn(Zoysia koreana) at normal fair way of 4 golf courses and yellow discolored fairway of one golf course in Kyonggi province were taken at and analyzed for mineral contents in soil Mg and Ca were most deficient while EC was too high and phosphorus was exess. There were significant positive correlation between pH and Ca and between EC and total N. There was no consistent simple correlation between single component in soil and plant, indicating the involvement of multi-minerals in one mineral absorption. m mineral contents of aerial part Mg was severely low. potassium moderately but Ca was normal, Mg and Ca showed significant correlation in aerial part, yellow-discolored lawn showed the lowest content of Mg in aerial part and surface soil. Very high N and high phosphorus in aerial part inspite of low P in soil. The above facts indicates Mg deficiency in fair way soils in most golf courses resulting in yellow-discoloration in lawn.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.157-168
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the offsets of pyroligneous acid on the growth of ‘Penncross’Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) and to propose the practical use for ecologically responsive management in Korean golf courses. In the plots affected by 300, 500, and 800 times diluted pyroligneous acid, the turfgrass growth increment and the visual quality were measured at fixed periods. The data were subjected to paired samples T-test. The results summarized are as follows； 1) In leaf growth increment, density, and root spread depth, turfgrass affected by 500 and 800 times diluted pyroligneous acid were superior to the control continually. It was reliable in the statistics. Especially, 500 times diluted solutions was superior to the others. 2) In color, texture, uniformity, and recuperative strength, the visual quality of turfgrass affected by 500 and 800 times diluted pyroligneous acid were superior to the control continually. It was reliable in the statistics except the recuperative strength. Espe-cially, 500 times diluted solutions tended to be superior to the others. 3) There was no symptom of a disease in all plots. The existing management was thought to be suitable in this golf course. 500 and 800 times diluted pyroligneous acid were not thought to trigger or promote a disease, 4) After investigating the effect of pyroligneous acid on turfgrass growth, the soils of all plots were analyzed. In all plots, the chemical properties of the soils were not changed obviously. 5) Considering the results mentioned above, the practical use of 500 and 800 times diluted solutions might decrease the amount of nutrients and agricultural chemicals used in golf courses as well as promote turfgrass growth in golf courses.