• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.50-62
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was aimed to find the effect of Samiunkyungtang on inflammation and microflora in an ulcerative colitis animal model. Methods: We established four groups of normal, control, test 1, and test 2 and assigned 6 rats toeach group. The normal group was not treated by any process and fed by normal saline. The control & test groups were provided with 4% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment for 7 days. Samiunkyungtang extract was orally administered to test groups (test 1=25mg/kg, test 2 100mg/kg) 3 days after DSS treatment for 10 days. After DSS treatment finished, we sacrificed the mice and measured colon length and enzyme activities such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), alkine phosphatase (ALP), ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, chondroitinase, and tryptophanase. Results: The colon lengths of test 1 and 2 groups were longer than the control group (p<0.05). Histologically, the crypts and superficial epitheliums of test 1 and 2 groups were regenerated. Goblet cells from all test groups were retrieved. The inflammatory biochemical marker, MPO and ALP activities in all test groups were highly reduced (p<0.01) compared to the control group. The activities of fecal bacterial enzymes in test groups such as ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, chondroitinase, and tryptophanase were reduced compared to the control group (p<0.01). Conclusions: As a result of this experiment, Samiunkyungtang is considered to have an inhibitory effect on inflammation and fecal enzyme activity in DSS-induced colitis animal model. Our results indicate that Samiunkyungtang may possess therapeutic effect on the development of DSS-induced colitis.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2013

Objectives: In the present study, we evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Lonicerae Flos on cigarette-induced lung inflammatory responses in animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Methods: To inspect the effects of Lonicerae Flos, we evaluated Lonicerae Flos functions in vivo including immune cell profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, cytokine production and tissue morphological changes. Results: Lonicerae Flos significantly inhibited immune cell infiltrations into the BAL fluid (neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes). TNF-${\alpha}$, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were substantially decreased in the BAL fluid of Lonicerae Flos-treated mice compared with cigarette-exposed control mice. In addition, the hypertrophy of goblet cells in the epithelial cells was reduced in both Lonicerae Flos- and roflumilast-treated mice. Conclusions: The results of this study provide evidence that treatment with Lonicerae Flos exerts strong therapeutic effects against cigarette-induced lung inflammation in vivo. Therefore, this herbal medicine may represent a novel therapeutic agent for lung inflammation in general, as well as a specific agent for the treatment of COPD.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 1995

망상어, Ditrema temmincki 소화관의 형태 조직화학적인 특징은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 체장에 대한 식도에서 항문까지의 소화관 길이의 비 (RLG)는 0.89정도이며, 소화관에는 식도와 담관 입구사이의 팽창부인 위(胃)가 없다. 소화관은 형태 조직화학적인 특징에 의하여 식도, 식도 - 장이행부, 전장, 중장, 후장, 장 - 직장 이행부, 직장, 직장 - 항문 이행부, 항문으로 나눌 수 있다. 점막주름은 직장에서 가장 복잡한 형태를 보이며, 근육층은 식도와 항문에서 발달된 상태를 나타낸다. 점막주름의 상피층은 식도 전방부에서는 입방세포로 구성되며, 나머지 부위 에서는 원주상피로 구성된다. 소화관에는 PAS 반응에 양성을 나타내는 배상세포와 다당류 흡수세포 (Polysaccharid Absorptive Cell)가 관찰되는데, 후자는 다당류 계통의 영양물질의 흡수기능을 가진다. 망상어 소화관에서 다당류 계통의 영양물질은 주로 후장부에서 흡수된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2016

Colorectal cancer is a very prevalent diagnosed cancer. The current study was performed in order to examine the role of BRAE (Basella rubra aqueous extract) in regulating aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation, cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis in a colon carcinogenesis model in male Wistar rats. Rats were randomly allocated into six groups. Group I served as control, and group II acted as a drug control administered BRAE (250mg/kg b.w.) orally for 30 weeks. Rats in group III-VI were given subcutaneous injections of DMH (25mg/kg b.w. weekly) for 15 weeks to initiate colon carcinogenesis. Those in group IV and VI were administered BRAE along with DMH injections. Rats in group V were administered with BRAE after cessation of DMH injection. After 30 weeks of experimental period colons were obtained from experimental groups and analyzed for ACF incidence, argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region-associated proteins (AgNOR) count, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes. Only in DMH exposed groups were ACF and AgNOR numbers increased. Administration of BRAE appreciably decreased the numbers of ACF and AgNOR in BRAE treated groups. Histopathological findings revealed a high level of dysplastic changes with decreased number of goblet cells found only in only DMH injected rats. Administration of BRAE in treated group rats reversed these changes. Expression markers for cell proliferation (PCNA and Ki67) were elevated in DMH treated rats, but reduced with BRAE treatement. This expression was reversed with apoptosis markers (p53 and Caspase-3). Thus the results results of the present study were found to be significant and confirmed the potential efficacy of BRAE against colon carcinogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2016

To investigate the role of polysaccharide from Acanthopanax senticosus (ASPS) in preventing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury, 18 mice (at 5 wk of age) were assigned to three groups with 6 replicates of one mouse each. Mice were administrated by oral gavage with or without ASPS (300 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days and were injected with saline or LPS at 15 days. Intestinal samples were collected at 4 h post-challenge. The results showed that ASPS ameliorated LPS-induced deterioration of digestive ability of LPS-challenged mice, indicated by an increase in intestinal lactase activity (45%, p<0.05), and the intestinal morphology, as proved by improved villus height (20.84%, p<0.05) and villus height:crypt depth ratio (42%, p<0.05), and lower crypt depth in jejunum (15.55%, p<0.05), as well as enhanced intestinal tight junction proteins expression involving occludin-1 (71.43%, p<0.05). ASPS also prevented intestinal inflammation response, supported by decrease in intestinal inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (22.28%, p<0.05) and heat shock protein (HSP70) (77.42%, p<0.05). In addition, intestinal mucus layers were also improved by ASPS, as indicated by the increase in number of goblet cells (24.89%, p<0.05) and intestinal trefoil peptide (17.75%, p<0.05). Finally, ASPS facilitated mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor (100%, p<0.05) and its receptor (200%, p<0.05) gene. These results indicate that ASPS can prevent intestinal mucosal barrier injury under inflammatory conditions, which may be associated with up-regulating gene mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor and its receptor.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with citrus by-product (CBP) on the growth, feed utilization, innate immunity, and histology of the gills and intestine of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus during low water temperature season. A vitamin C-free basal diet was regarded as a control and five other diets were formulated that contained 30 and 300 mg of L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (LAPP) or CBP as vitamin C equivalents/kg diet, or the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) (designated as control, LAPP30, LAPP300, CBP30, CBP300, and OTC, respectively). Olive flounder (initial body weight $44.6{\pm}0.32g$) were fed the six experimental diets to apparent satiation for 9 weeks. Growth and feed utilization were significantly higher in CBP30 than in the control and LAPP groups. The lysozyme activity was significantly higher in CBP30 than in LAPP300. Enterocyte height was significantly higher in CBP30 than in the control. The number of goblet cells was increased significantly with LAPP30, LAPP300, and CBP30. These results demonstrate that CBP can reduce or replace vitamin C and antibiotic in the diet of olive flounder during the low-water-temperature season. The optimal CBP supplementation level seems to be approximately 1%, which is equivalent to 30 ppm vitamin C/kg in the fish diet.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effects of Agastachis Herba water (AH-W) extract on compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation and histamine release in human mast cells and also anti-asthmatic effect of AH-W extract on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in mice. Methods : Human mast cells, HMC-1 were treated with AH-W extract in the presence or absence of compound 48/80 (C48/80). Mast cell degranulation was observed by microscope, and the histamine release was measured in culture medium by ELISA. For preparation of asthmatic in vivo model, mice were sensitized (0, 7, and 14 days) with OVA and airway challenged (21, 23, 25, 27, and 29 days). AH-W extract at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg/body weight was orally administered during OVA challenge once per a day. The levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and Th1/Th2 cytokines, IFN-$\gamma$ and IL-4 were measured in the sera of mice by ELISA. The histopathological change of lung tissues was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Results : The treatment of AH-W extract significantly decreased the mast cell degranulation and histamine release in C48/80-stimulated HMC-1 cells. In addition, The administration of AH-W extract at does of 100 and 300 mg/kg significantly decreased the serum levels of OVA-specific IgE compared with those of OVA control group. In H&E and PAS staining, AH-W extract inhibited OVA-induced airway inflammation, and inflammatory cells infiltration, and also histopathological damages on lung tissues such as bronchiole epithelial desquamation, goblet cells hyperplasia, and mucin releasing. Conclusions : These results indicate that AH-W extract may improve asthmatic symptoms through mast cell stabilization and inhibiting the lung inflammation in bronchial asthma.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.109-135
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• 2006

Objective : In the present study, the author tried to investigate whether six oriental medical prescriptions named gamisingitang (SGT), gamijungtang (IJT), gamicheongpyetang (CPT), galhwengchihyosan (CHS), chwiyeontong (CYT), sigyoungcheongpyetang (SCPT) significantly affect mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells. Methode : Confluent HTSE cells were inetabolically radiolabeled with $^{3}H-glucosamine$ for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of drugs aforementioned, respectively, to assess the effect of each drug on $^{3}H-mucin$ release. Possible cytotoxicities of effective drugs were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. Additionally, total elution profiles of control spent media and treatment sample (CPT, CHS, SCPT and CYT) through Sepharose CL-4B column were analysed and effect of CPT, CHS and CYT on MUC5AC mRNA expression in cultured HTSE cells were invsetigated. Results : (1) SGT and IJT did not affect mucin release without cytotoxicity; (2) CPT, SCPT and CHS significantly stimulated mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, with significant cytotoxicity; (4) CPT, CHS, SCPT and CYT chiefly affected the 'mucin' release and did not affect significantly the release of the releasable glycoproteins with less molecular weight than mucin. This result suggests that the four herbal prescriptions specifically affect the release of mucin ; (5) CTP and CHS did not significantly affect the expression levels of MUC 5AC mRNA, however, CYT significantly inhibit the expression levels of MUC 5AC mRNA. Conclusion : CYT can decrease the synthesis of mucin at gene level in cultured HTSE cells.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Objectives This study investigated the effects of Hataedock treatment with Douchi on induction of allergic rhinitis in obese induced NC/Nga mice. Methods NC/Nga mice were divided into control group (Ctrl), allergic rhinitis induced obese mice group (ARE), and allergic rhinitis induced obese mice group with Douchi Hataedock treatment (FGT). The 3-week-old mice of the FGT group were given one 10 mg/kg dose of Douchi Hataedock extract and sensitized with allergic antigens at weeks 4, 5, and 6. After 1 week of final sensitization, allergic rhinitis was induced primarily in mice nasal cavities for five days. After one week of the completion with the first induction, the second induction was introduced by the same method. After 1 week, few samples of the nasal mucosal tissues of each group were prepared. The factor of Th2 differentiation and inflammation control such that IL-4, STAT6, CD40, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, substance P, MMP-9, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, p-IkB, iNOS and COX-2 were observed by immunohistochemistry. Also, the difference in nasal mucosal injury was observed by histochemical method (PAS staining). Results The FGT group showed that reduced IL-4 production, STAT6 expression and CD40 expression by regulating excessive Th2 differentiation. Also, production of substance P and MMP-9 and activity of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ in mast cells were decreased. Inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 activity was induced by inhibition of p-IkB, and the production of inflammatory enzymes iNOS and COX-2 were decreased. In addition, the damage of intramural respiratory epithelium was low and excessive mucin secretion in goblet cells was low. Conclusions This study confirmed the possibility of controlling the allergic rhinitis in obese children who are expected to have an overactive inflammation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was done to investigate whether two oriental prescriptions, saganmahwang-tang (SMT) and prescription C (P-C) significantly affect mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells. Methods : Cofluent HTSE cells were metabolically radiolabeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of SMT or P-C to assess the effect of each agent on 3H-mucin release. Possible cytotoxicities of each agent were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Also, the effects of SMT and P-C on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle were investigated. Results : SMT significantly inhibited mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, without cytotoxicity. P-C significantly increased mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, with significant cytotoxicity. SMT inhibited Ach-induced contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. P-C did not affect Ach-induced contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. Conclusion : Results su99est that SMT and P-C have regulating effects on mucin secretion from airway goblet cells. Further investigation is needed, because of the value in finding novel agents to this purpose, and these oriental medical prescription have potential for such a role.