• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.362-368
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• 2015

Two new and one unrecorded hybrids of the genus Asplenium were newly found in Korea. They were proved to be hybrid based on intermediate morphology between putative parents. The first hybrid is $A.{\times}uiryeongse$ C.S. Lee & K. Lee (Aspleniaceae), nom. nov. (vernacular name: geo-mi-sa-cheol-go-sa-ri). This new hydrid is a cross between the Asian walking fern, A. ruprechtii and A. pekinens in Uiryeong-gil, Mt. Bukansan, Seoul, Korea. The other new one occurs in Mt. Seongsan in Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, $A.{\times}montanus$ C.S. Lee & K. Lee, nom. nov. (vernacular name: san-kko-ri-go-sa-ri) which might have experienced multiple hybridization events between A. ruprechtii ${\times}$ A. trichomanes and A. incisum following the hybrid between A. ruprechtii and A. trichomanes. In addition, one unrecorded hybrid, $A.{\times}kitazawae$ Kurata & Hutoh (vernacular name: geo-mi-dol-dam-go-sa-ri), reported first from Japan, is found in natural habitats in Do-dong, Daegu-si, and is a hybrid, between the Asian walking fern and A. sarelli. These hybrid taxa grow in sympatric regions with both putative parental species. The diagnostic characters for each taxon and evidence for their hybridization have been suggested. Descriptions, illustrations, and photographs of these hybrid taxa in their habitats are provided from Korea.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2009

Objective: Much has been known that the systematical theory of acupuncture was developed from stone needle as therapeutic tools for orthopedic diseases in ancient times. Stone needle is very old therapeutic method like moxibustion and has been recognized that it was developed since the Stone Age in China so far. In the present study, it was examined for the origination and formation of stone needle based on stone relics of the Stone Age in Korean Peninsular, the medical and geographical literatures. Materials and methods: The facts of stone needle was examined and arranged on the ancient medical or geographical literatures such as The Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine, Shanhaijing as an ancient geographical book, etc. The clan societies and family related to an origination of stone needle was chased together with their cultural characteristics and origination. The stone relics which have been digged out of historic sites in the North-East Asia were examined for a relevance to stone needle. Results: In The Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine, it was referred to the stone needle that originated from a fishery zone related to the east coast district in North-East Asia. Through the examination of Shan Hai Jing as an ancient geographical book and its historical reviews, a Go-yi clan society who keep Go's family tree dealt well with the stone needle and jewels including jade in the North-East Asia before the publication periods of The Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine, and is comprised in the culture of Dong-yi clan society but not the Chinese culture. The obsidian stones, which have been digged out of historical sites in the North-East Asia since the Stone Age, are originated from volcanic areas combined with seashore that seems to be Baekdu mountain district in Korea and Kyushu district in Japan. Furthermore, obsidian stone tools which were found out at Laodung peninsula and the Korean peninsula are archeologically similar to the stone needle with regards to the shape, size and dual-use. In addition, specific obsidian stone tools have been used in orthopedic surgery as well-crafted obsidian blades have a cutting edge up to five times sharper than high-quality steel surgical scalpels. Conclusion: The origin of obsidian stone needle is well corresponded to the explanation about that of the stone needle. It is suggested that the stone needle which influenced in completion of acupuncture and Meridian theory in China seems to be an obsidian stone, and distribution of obsidian stone needle has been closely connected to Dong-yi clan society which are lived in the North-East Asia including Baekdu-mountain district.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.351-358
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• 2016

An Electrical Point Machine (NS:New-type Switch), which is equipped and operated at railways in Korea, has been used since the 1960s after being imported from Japan. On the other hand, although the mechanical configuration has improved the position motor control circuit, the electrical connection has not been improved, so NS may have a problem, such as the interlocking system of automatic train operation. In addition, NS is the most vulnerable part in the railway system and a huge train accident may occur due to minor defects. The existing NS wiring set of the circuit controller should be checked only if fixed. Therefore, an excessive inspection time only by a Railroad Signal expert is required. In this paper, the improvement of electrical connection in a NS wiring set, such as the position motor control circuit, was developed and the prototype was installed at Seoul Metro in the distance to go section. The results can be used to help make appropriate adjustments. The improvement of the NS wiring set enhance the maintenance efficiency, passenger service and the stability of the signal system as well as reducing the maintenance cost.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to investigate the value of rock Korean chessboards as a corroborative evidence that go, the play culture naturalized from the past, was also performed under the pavilion of the mountain stream, and the old tree. This study executes analysis on the location and form of rock Korean chessboards, physical environment such as the position of surrounding space, the origin of the nomination, surrounding landscape, and historical significance through the research analysis of comprehensive present conditions, and highlights the position types, landscape significance, and preservation value of the rock Korean chessboards of Korea from diverse angles. The result is as follows. 1. The styles of Korean chess (將棋), which identically propagated in the representative countries of Eastern culture, Korea, China, and Japan, and modified in accordance with each country's idea and native tendency, were organized, and confirmed the Korean Go as a naturalized native culture. 2. Out of 15 rock Korean chessboards confirmed through this study, 9 (60%) were categorized as rock Korean chessboards, and 6 (40%) were categorized as stone Korean chessboards. Also, the average size of the go boards were $51cm{\times}46.6cm$, which demonstrated not much difference with present day universal go boards. The Pearson correlation coefficient between bed rock and go boards were 0.647, demonstrating a relatively high correlation; the research subject of rock go boards have been constructed in consideration of rationality, convenience, and the value of promotion of public welfare. 3. The results of analysis of location patterns of rock Korean chessboard showed that villages (87%), mooring (73%), plains (60%) and mountains (47%). The most frequent location pattern is mooring and village, and these two factors played the most important role in determining the location of the rock Korean chessboard.

• Survey Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.85-106
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• 2009

This study is an attempt to provide some answers to question about how characteristics and general recognition regarding internet use in Korea and Japan influence fostering and maintaining on-line social network in each of countries. Survey is used to compare Korean internet users and Japanese internet users in terms of characteristics of on-line social network, individual's propensity for internet use, including their recognition on internet. The study's main findings go as follows. First, Korean internet users tend to be more active in using internet than Japanese internet users do, thus having larger on-line social network and more intensive internet use than Japanese internet users do. However, there is a commonality that majority of internet users in both countries use internet to connect them to person with whom they have private relationship but they cannot meet frequently. Second, for Korean internet users, individual's propensity, characteristics, and recognition regarding internet use is not related to how to contact others. To the contrary, for Japanese internet users, how to contact others in on-line setting seems to vary according to whether or not they have relation-oriented internet use and how they recognize the availability of internet. Third, a commonality regarding the size of on-line social network is found between Korea and Japan that the total numbers of people enrolled as network increases if people use internet in order to get information. This confirms previous finding that relationship based on weak tie is instrumental in fostering on-line social relations and likely produces advantage in getting information. Finally, for Japanese internet users, the degree of risk recognized in on-line setting, that is the degree of interpersonal trust, appears to greatly influence overall relationship -building in on-line.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 1989

While ruling Chosun, with a view to making Chosun the primary supplier of food, Japan made the peasantry of Chosun go to ruin by leaving land from them through land enterprises, and the projects of increasing rice production. At the same time, Japan formed the higher classes comprising pro-Japanese capitalists, landlords and intellectuals, and protected them in order to carry out her colonial policies. Naturally there came into being a great gulf between the minority of high society and the majority of the poor in Chosun. As there was a great difference in food life between the two, I'm going to examine the literature of those days to grasp exactly the condition of their food intake. As for the staple food, out of thirteen provinces in Chosun, 13% lived on only rice and 27% on other minor cereals with no rice. As for the subsidiary food, about thirty percents did not take any animal protein. The examination of intake of nutrition by classes shows that the higher and middle classes took the necessary amount of calorie and protein and that the component ratio of calorie was comparatively properly distributed. The lower classes are defined as those whose monthly income was less than 100 won and the peasantry in general. And again the peasantry are classified into three-high, middle and low-according to their farming conditions. The tenant farmers in Kyeongguido and the peasants of Darli community took enough amount of calorie and protein, but much smaller amount of animal protein. Fire-field farmers led not less miserable food intake than the extremely poor peasants. They seldom lived on rice. Potatoes, oats and millets were their staple food. Lastly, Engel's coefficient for the Tomack-min (the residents in mud huts) who were among the three extremely poor classes, was 73.3%, which was much higher than that of the lower classes in then Japan. Rationed rice and barley were their staple food but the rationed amount was not sufficient to satisfy needs of physical labor. In conclusion, during the period of Japanese ruling of Chosun, the minority of higher and middle classes in Chosun generally took sufficient amount of nutrient, while the status of food intake with poor peasants, fire-field farmers and Tomack-min was extremely miserable.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.139-150
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• 2015

The number of 1 or 2 households is rapidly increasing due to the participants of women in the working society, the increment of unmarried men, and the change in family structure. The current housing market and the housing administration focuses more on the bigger number of households so that single person households are being neglected. As more individuals move to the capital, living in the city for a single person household has become very difficult. Sharing has become an important aspect among the society and shared housings have hit the minds of single person households as a new way of living. Comprehensive properties, boarding houses, housings for studying (Go-Si-Won), and officetels match the ideas of shared housings. The absent of clear standards on private rooms and shared facilities is making the living very challenging. This study aim to understand foreign (England, Australia, and Japan) institutional characteristics for shared housings to build foundations in order to bring in shared housings into Korea. The residential concept can not be applied to shared housings in Korea directly since the idea of living is different for each nation and its cultural distinctions. However, a clear classification and standards on shared housings depending on the size of the house and number of residents are needed alongside with an index of principles and residential criteria.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2013

The green building is one of biggest factors to go the goal of energy saving and environmental conservation, "reduction of energy consumption, friendly energy technology, recycling of resource, and environmental pollution reduction technology. The purpose of these green buildings realized by the energy-saving technology such as the thermal bridge breaker(or thermal bridge block). Thermal bridges are localized elements that penetrate insulated portions of building envelope that results in heat loss. The purpose of this paper is to describe the technical interactions for patents of a thermal bridge breaker(TTB) used in green building practices, and be subject to investigation to TTB in the leading countries, that is, United State, Europe Union, Japan, and Korea. As a result, there are four TTB categories(roof, wall-slab connection, opening, footing) in house or building. The TTB categories is remarkable technology that is apparatus in slab-wall joints and sealing element of opening frame in walls.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2005

We reported that an alien species of Plantaginaceae, Plantago aristata Michx. from North America, grows at the Han-River estuary in Go-Yang City, Kyunggi Province. This species is easily distinguished from others in Korea by its linear leaves, cylindrical spikes with long linear bracts at base, and relatively large flowers of ca. 4-6 mm in diameter. We called the species as gin-po-ggot-jil-kyung-i as a local name. Plantago aristata is known to be very invasive and has been already introduced to Japan and China.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.13-17
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• 2007

The green roof industry have been developed with Europe, North America, Japan. At the same time, being recognized the important of green roofs in domestic industry and we just start to develop the relative technology as analyzing the future direction of advanced technology. Recently, local self-government including Seoul support the system for green roof which provide 50% of working expenses form of Matching Fund by Seed Money. As years go by, the number of build up the green roof has gradually increased to be proved. At this result caused by management of system in government, unstructured construction system, low development of support technology. In this study as analyzing the present of technical development, supporting by law and system for the advanced waterproofing and root penetration resistance technology, we suggest the development direction of it to be compared with application advanced technology and we could strengthen the international competitiveness to be industrialized the green roof considering system, technology, human infrastructure.