• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2018

국화(C. morifolium)품종인 '백마' 줄기를 80% MeOH 수용액으로 3회 반복 추출한 뒤, 감압농축한 추출물을 EtOAc, n-butyl alcohol과 $H_2O$층으로 계통분획을 실시하였다. EtOAc분획에 대하여 $SiO_2$ 및 ODS column chromatography를 반복실시하여 2종의 지방산 화합물을 분리 및 정제하였다. Nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectrometry, FAB-MS, GC-MS data를 해석하여, 화합물 1과 2를 각각 (2S)-1-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl2,3-dilinoleoylglycerol과 (2S)-1-O-${\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-galactopyranosyl-2,3-dipalmitoylglycerol로 구조동정 하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2015

Background: Although the aerial parts of hydroponic Panax ginseng are reported to contain higher contents of total ginsenosides than those of roots, the isolation and identification of active metabolites from the aerial parts of hydroponic P. ginseng have not been carried out so far. Methods: The aerial parts of hydroponic P. ginseng were applied on repeated silica gel and octadecylsilane columns to yield four glycosyl glycerides (Compounds 1-4), which were identified based on nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry data. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for inhibition activity on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results and conclusion: The glycosyl glycerides were identified to be (2S)-1-O-7(Z),10(Z),13(Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (1), (2S)-1-O-linolenoyl-3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (2), (2S)-1-O-linolenoyl-2-O-linolenoyl-3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (3), and 2(S)-1-O-linoleoyl-2-O-linoleoyl-3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (4). Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate inhibition activity on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells [half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$): $63.8{\pm}6.4{\mu}M$ and $59.4{\pm}6.8{\mu}M$, respectively] without cytotoxicity at concentrations < $100{\mu}M$, whereas Compounds 3 and 4 showed good inhibition effect ($IC_{50}$: $7.7{\pm}0.6{\mu}M$ and $8.0{\pm}0.9{\mu}M$, respectively) without cytotoxicity at concentrations < $20{\mu}M$. All isolated compounds showed reduced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in LPS-induced macrophage cells with strong inhibition of mRNA activity observed for Compounds 3 and 4.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2024

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has memory impairment associated with aggregation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Although anti-amyloid β (Aβ) protein antibody and chemical drugs can be prescribed in the clinic, they show adverse effects or low effectiveness. Therefore, the development of a new drug is necessarily needed. We focused on the cognitive function of Panax ginseng and tried to find active ingredient(s). We isolated panaxcerol D, a kind of glycosyl glyceride, from the non-saponin fraction of P. ginseng extract. Methods: We explored effects of acute or sub-chronic administration of panaxcerol D on cognitive function in scopolamine- or Aβ_25-35 peptide-treated mice measured by several behavioral tests. After behavioral tests, we tried to unveil the underlying mechanism of panaxcerol D on its cognitive function by Western blotting. Results: We found that pananxcerol D reversed short-term, long-term and object recognition memory impairments. The decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) or Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in scopolamine-treated mice was normalized by acute administration of panaxcerol D. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), caspase 3, NF-kB p65, synaptophysin and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels in Aβ_25-35 peptide-treated mice were modulated by sub-chronic administration of panaxcerol D. Conclusion: Pananxcerol D could improve memory impairments caused by cholinergic blockade or Aβ accumulation through increased phosphorylation level of ERK or its anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, panaxcerol D as one of non-saponin compounds could be used as an active ingredient of P. ginseng for improving cognitive function.