• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5653-5657
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• 2012

Objectives: To investigate the effect of glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide GalNAc transferase 1 (ppGalNAc T1 ) targeted RNA interference (RNAi) on the growth and migration of human bladder carcinoma EJ cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods: DNA microarray assays were performed to determine ppGalNAc Ts(ppGalNAc T1-9) expression in human bladder cancer and normal bladder tissues. We transfected the EJ bladder cancer cell line with well-designed ppGalNAc T1 siRNA. Boyden chamber and Wound healing assays were used to investigate changes of shppGalNAc T1-EJ cell migration. Proliferation of shppGalNAc T1-EJ cells in vitro was assessed using [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay and soft agar colony formation assays. Subcutaneous bladder tumors in BALB/c nude mice were induced by inoculation of shppGalNAc T1-EJ cells and after inoculation diameters of tumors were measured every 5 days to determine gross tumor volumes. Results: ppGalNAc T1 mRNA in bladder cancer tissues was 11.2-fold higher than in normal bladder tissues. When ppGalNAc T1 expression in EJ cells was knocked down through transfection by pSUPER-shppGalNAc T1 vector, markedly reduced incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA of EJ cells was observed at all time points compared with the empty vector transfected control cells. However, ppGalNAc T1 knockdown did not significantly inhibited cell migration (only 12.3%). Silenced ppGalNAc T1 expression significantly inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth compared with the control groups injected with empty vector transfected control cells. At the end of observation course (40 days), the inhibitory rate of cancerous growth for ppGalNAc T1 knockdown was 52.5%. Conclusion: ppGalNAc T1 might be a potential novel marker for human bladder cancer. Although ppGalNAc T1 knockdown caused no remarkable change in cell migration, silenced expression significantly inhibited proliferation and tumor growth of the bladder cancer EJ cell line.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2016

Staphylococcus aureus, which is generally susceptible to the involvement route in community, is mostly MSSA. However, CA-MRSA is recently increased. Abuse of antibiotics and glycopeptides may increase VISA and VRSA. This study was conducted to investigate the changes on the antibiotic resistance prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the wound of patients in a university hospital for the past 10 years. This study showed that antibiotic resistance was higher in males than in females; moreover, the antibiotic resistance rates increased with age. The resistance rate for penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, clindamycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, and rifampicin was, respectively, 97.7%, 60.5%, 57.4%, 48.8%, 41.1%, 44.2%, 44.2%, 14.7%, 13.2% and 3.9% in 2006. The resistance rate for penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, clindamycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, fusidic acid, clindamycin, and rifampicin was, respectively 95.9%, 62.6%, 55.7%, 28.6%, 50.3%, 34.7%, 38.8%, 34.0%, 2.7% and 8.2% in 2016. Vancomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and teicoplanin exhibited 100% in antibiotic susceptibility. In particular, fusidic acid resistance was increased by 19.3% in 2016. Compared with 2006, the decreased point, 12.4% was susceptible and was statistically significant. Therefore, this study suggests that periodic review and understanding of microbial and antibiotic changes should continue to investigate appropriate antibiotic susceptibility.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2005

Streptomyces produces many kinds of secondary-metabolites including antibiotics. Screening of a new compound and elucidation of a biosynthetic pathway for the secondary metabolites are very important fields of biology, however, there is a main problem that most of the identified compounds are already researched compounds. To solve these problems, a microarray system that is based on the data related to the biosynthetic genes for secondary-metabolites was designed. For the main contents of DNA microarray, the important genes for the bio-synthesis of aminoglycosides, polyenes group, enediyne group, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, glycopeptide group, and orthosomycin group were chosen. A DNA microarray with 69 genes that were involved in the bio-synthesis for the antibiotics mentioned above was prepared. The usability of the DNA microarray was confirmed with the chromosomal DNA and total RNA extracted from S. coelicolor whose genomic sequence had already been reported.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2018

Information on the prevalence of S. aureus and the current antimicrobial resistance profile is necessary in selecting the appropriate treatment of S. aureus infections in any part of the world. This study examined the frequency and antibiotic resistance list of S. aureus isolates obtained from clinical specimens at one hospital in Korea. A total of 1,746 gram positive cocci collected were identified as S. aureus. S. aureus isolates were obtained from different samples including sputum (N=565; 32.4%), endotracheal aspirate (358; 20.5%), wounds (329; 18.8%), blood (137; 7.8%), urine (67; 3.8%), and pus (59; 3.4%). All 1,545 S. aureus (100%) strains screened from sputum (565; 36.6%), endotracheal aspirate (388; 25.1%), wounds (329; 21.3%), blood (137; 8.9%), urine (67; 4.3%), and pus (59; 3.8%) were sensitive to glycopeptide (vancomycin, teicoplanin), oxazolidinone (linezolid) and stretogramin (quinupristin/dalfopristin). The prevalence of resistant S. aureus was significantly (P<0.01) lower in urine, blood, pus, wounds, and sputum than in endotracheal aspirates. As a result, there was a significant difference in the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus according to the clinical specimens.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.447-454
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• 2018

Background: Korean ginseng has been widely evaluated to treat human diseases; however, most studies on Korean ginseng have focused on its root. In this study, polysaccharides [acidic-polysaccharide-linked glycopeptide (APGP) extracted with 90% ethanol and hot water] were prepared from Korean ginseng berries, and their effect on immunosenescence was explored. Methods: The effect of APGP on thymic involution was evaluated by measuring the size of thymi dissected from aged mice. The effect of APGP on populations of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, age-correlated CD11c-positive B cells, and several subtypes of T cells [CD4-positive, CD8-positive, and regulatory (Treg) T cells] in the thymi and spleens of aged mice was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. Profiles of APGP components were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results: APGP suppressed thymic involution by increasing the weight and areas of thymi in aged mice. APGP increased the population of NK cells, but showed no effect on the population of dendritic cells in the thymi and spleens of aged mice. APGP decreased the population of age-correlated CD11c-positive B cells in the spleens of aged mice. APGP showed no effect on the populations of CD4- and CD8-positive T cells in the thymi of aged mice, whereas it increased the population of Treg cells in the spleens of aged mice. APGP further decreased the reduced serum levels of IL-2 in aged mice, but serum levels of IL-6 were not statistically changed by APGP in aged mice. Finally, HPLC analysis showed that APGP had one major peak at 15 min (a main type of polysaccharide) and a long tail up to 35 min (a mixture of a variety of types of polysaccharides). Conclusion: These results suggested that APGP exerted an anti-immunosenescent effect by suppressing thymic involution and modulating several types of immune cells.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.225-232
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• 2000

Purpose : The use antimicrobial agents is one of the important strategies for the treatment and prophylaxis of microbial infections. But injudicious abuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents is problem to add an extra weight on medical fee, increase of resistant bacteria and side effects according to the antibiotic use. This study was performed to establish the pertinent use of antimicrobial agent in Chonbuk National University Hospital(CNUH). Characteristics of antibiotics use was analysis by reviewing the medical records of patients admitted to CNUH during the period of May 1998. Methods : One thousand eight hundred and thirty three patients were enrolled in this study(medical division 1,014 cases, surgical division 819 cases). Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to classify the rate of antibiotics use, name of antibiotics used, appropriateness of antibiotics use. Results : The overall rate of antibiotic usage in CNUH was 67.2%(1,231/1,833), showing higher rate in surgical division(89.6%) compare to that of medical division(49.0%). Among 1,231 patients to whom antimicrobial agents were given, only 125(10.2%) were treated with single antimicrobial agents. 311(25.3%) were treated with two antimicrobial agents, and 795(64.5%) patients received 3 or more antibiotics. ${\beta}$-lactams(56.4%) were most frequently used followed by aminoglycosides(35.3%), the others(4.9%) and quinolons(3.4%). Amoxicillin-clavulanate was the mostly commonly used antibiotics followed by amoxicillin and unasyn. Prophylactic use of antibiotics was carried in seven hundred six patients(57.4%), mostly in surgical division, which can be considered somewhat inappropriate in the initiation time and duration of antibiotic use. Conclusion : Importance of monotherapy and appropriate prophylactic antibiotic use should be emphasized. Strategies of antibiotics use, such as restriction of drug use, continuous monitoring system, flow sheet system should be considered to reduce antibiotics use and establish the appropriate use of antibiotics as well as inhibiting the occurrence of resistant strains.