• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2005

돈육을 수세하여 돈육 수리미를 제조할 때, 사후 해당 속도가 빠른 돈육을 원료육으로 이용하면 낮은 pH에 기인하여 보수성이 낮은 결과 적은 수분 함량을 보유하는 돈육 수세물을 획득하게 되어 수율이 낮아졌다. 사후 해당 속도가 빠른 돈육은 정상 돈육에 비해 육단백질의 변성이 유발되어 수분 함량이 낮고 치밀한 젤 매트릭스를 형성하여 경도가 높지만 탄력성이 낮은 돈육 수리미를 생산하였다. 뿐만 아니라 사후 해당 속도가 빠른 돈육은 변성된 근장 단백질이 근원섬유 단백질과 결합하여 수세되지 않고 돈육 수세물 내에 잔존하게 되어 돈육 수리미의 색깔을 어둡게 만드는 원인으로 작용한 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.857-864
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation on protein acetylation and glycolysis in postmortem muscle to better understand the mechanism by which AMPK regulates postmortem glycolysis and meat quality. Methods: A total of 32 mice were randomly assigned to four groups and intraperitoneally injected with 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-${\beta}$-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR, a specific activator of AMPK), AICAR and histone acetyltransferase inhibitor II, or AICAR, Trichostatin A (TSA, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase I and II) and Nicotinamide (NAM, an inhibitor of the Sirt family deacetylases). After mice were euthanized, the Longissimus dorsi muscle was collected at 0 h, 45 min, and 24 h postmortem. AMPK activity, protein acetylation and glycolysis in postmortem muscle were measured. Results: Activation of AMPK by AICAR significantly increased glycolysis in postmortem muscle. At the same time, it increased the total acetylated proteins in muscle 45 min postmortem. Inhibition of protein acetylation by histone acetyltransferase inhibitors reduced AMPK activation induced increase in the total acetylated proteins and glycolytic rate in muscle early postmortem, while histone deacetylase inhibitors further promoted protein acetylation and glycolysis. Several bands of proteins were detected to be differentially acetylated in muscle with different glycolytic rates. Conclusion: Protein acetylation plays an important regulatory role in postmortem glycolysis. As AMPK mediates the effects of pre-slaughter stress on postmortem glycolysis, protein acetylation is likely a mechanism by which antemortem stress influenced postmortem metabolism and meat quality though the exact mechanism is to be elucidated.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2006년도 정기총회 및 제37차 춘계 국제학술발표대회
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• pp.90-93
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• 2006

Our results indicate that muscle temperature and glycolysis rate of pre-rigor could be closely related to Hanwoo beef tenderness at 24 h postmortem and have potential to predict beef tenderness at 24 h postmortem.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.683-687
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 촉매 존재 하에서 에틸렌글리콜(EG)를 이용하여 글리콜리시스를 통해 PET(Poly ethylene terephthalate)을 해중합하여 BHET(bis-hydroxyethyl terephthalate)를 얻기 위한 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 촉매는 zinc acetate가 사용되었고, 생성물은 high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)으로 분석하였다. 반응 시간, 반응 온도, EG양과 같은 조건들의 영향을 알아보았으며, 반응 속도식을 구하였다. 그 결과 반응 온도와 반응 시간이 증가함에 따라 BHET의 수율과 해중합 속도는 증가하였지만, 너무 높은 반응 온도 $250^{\circ}C$에서는 BHET가 중합반응을 일으켜 $230^{\circ}C$ 보다 수율이 낮게 나타났다. 1차 반응속도 모델을 가정하여 반응 활성화에너지를 구하였다. 얻어진 활성화 에너지는 $210^{\circ}C$ 이상과 $210^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 각각 37.8, 149.6 kJ/mol이었다. 이는 이 반응이 다단 연속 반응임을 보여준다. BHET의 최대 수율은 반응 온도 $230^{\circ}C$, 반응 시간 6시간 그리고, EG/PET의 비율이 4일 때 가장 높은 71%의 수율을 나타내었다.

• 청정기술
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2007

폴리카보네이트(PC)의 해중합 방법에는 여러 가지방법이 보고되어 있으나, 기존의 해중합 방범에는 페놀, 톨루엔, 다이옥신 등의 독성물질 사용으로 인한 환경적인 안전문제, 알칼리의 사용으로 인한 2차 분리 문제 등이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 독성물질 및 촉매를 사용하지 않고 에틸렌글리콜(EG)과 메탄올(MeOH)을 사용한 글리콜첨가분해(glycolysis)/메탄올첨가분해(methanolysis) 혼성공정에 의하여 폐PC로부터 비스페놀 A (BPA)를 회수하였다. 글리콜첨가분해는 반응온도 473.15K에서 180분에 반응평형에 도달하였고, PC의 용해과정이 이 반응의 율속단계로 나타났다. 글리콜첨가분해 이후 메탄올첨가분해를 시행함으로써 BPA수율을 높일 수 있었으며, HeOH/PC 몰비 1에서 BPA수율은 최대점을 가지고, 반응 온도가 증가할수록 수율이 증가하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.618-623
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• 2023

Most cancer cells utilize glucose at a high rate to produce energy and precursors for the biosynthesis of macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This phenomenon is called the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis- this distinct characteristic is an attractive target for developing anticancer drugs. Here, we found that Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) is a substrate of the Protein Phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit (PP4C)/PP4 regulatory subunit 1 (PP4R1) complex by using immunoprecipitation and in vitro assay. While manipulation of PP4C/PP4R1 does not have a critical impact on PFK-1 expression, the absence of the PP4C/PP4R1 complex increases PFK-1 activity. Although PP4C depletion or overexpression does not cause a dramatic change in the overall glycolytic rate, PP4R1 depletion induces a considerable increase in both basal and compensatory glycolytic rates, as well as the oxygen consumption rate, indicating oxidative phosphorylation. Collectively, the PP4C/PP4R1 complex regulates PFK-1 activity by reversing its phosphorylation and is a promising candidate for treating glycolytic disorders and cancers. Targeting PP4R1 could be a more efficient and safer strategy to avoid pleiotropic effects than targeting PP4C directly.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.628-636
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• 2019

Altered genetic features in cancer cells lead to a high rate of aerobic glycolysis and metabolic reprogramming that is essential for increased cancer cell viability and rapid proliferation. Pyruvate kinase muscle (PKM) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the final step of glycolysis. Herein, we report that PKM is a potential therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. We found that PKM1 or PKM2 is highly expressed in TNBC tissues or cells. Knockdown of PKM significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration, and strongly reduced S phase and induced G2 phase cell cycle arrest by reducing phosphorylation of the CDC2 protein in TNBC cells. Additionally, knockdown of PKM significantly suppressed $NF-{\kappa}B$ (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activity by reducing the phosphorylation of p65 at serine 536, and also decreased the expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ target genes. Taken together, PKM is a potential target that may have therapeutic implications for TNBC cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.4085-4089
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• 2014

Background: Atelectasis is an important prognostic factor that can cause pleuritic chest pain, coughing or dyspnea, and even may be a cause of death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential impact of atelectasis and PET parameters on survival and the relation between atelectasis and PET parameters. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of patients with lung cancer with or without atelectasis who underwent $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT examination before receiving any treatment. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT derived parameters including tumor size, SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, total lesion glycosis (TLG), SUV mean of atelectasis area, atelectasis volume, and histological and TNM stage were considered as potential prognostic factors for overall survival. Results: Fifty consecutive lung cancer patients (22 patients with atelectasis and 28 patients without atelectasis, median age of 65 years) were evaluated in the present study. There was no relationship between tumor size and presence or absence of atelectasis, nor between presence/absence of atelectasis and TLG of primary tumors. The overall one-year survival rate was 83% and median survival was 20 months (n=22) in the presence of atelectasis; the overall one-year survival rate was 65.7% (n=28) and median survival was 16 months (p=0.138) in the absence of atelectasis. With respect to PFS; the one-year survival rate of AT+ patients was 81.8% and median survival was 19 months; the one-year survival rate of AT-patients was 64.3% and median survival was 16 months (p=0.159). According to univariate analysis, MTV, TLG and tumor size were significant risk factors for PFS and OS (p<0.05). However, SUVmax was not a significant factor for PFS and OS (p>0.05). Conclusions: The present study suggested that total lesion glycolysis and metabolic tumor volume were important predictors of survival in lung cancer patients, in contrast to SUVmax. In addition, having a segmental lung atelectasis seems not to be a significant factor on survival.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1789-1800
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• 2019

Objective: Although alveolar macrophages play a key role in the respiratory immunity of livestock, studies on the mechanism of differentiation and survival of alveolar macrophages are lacking. Therefore, we undertook to investigate changes in the lipid metabolism and survival rate, using 3D4/31 macrophages and Dudleya brittonii which has been used as a traditional asthma treatment. Methods: 3D4/31 macrophages were used as the in vitro porcine alveolar macrophages model. The cells were activated by exposure to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Dudleya brittonii extraction was performed with distilled water. For evaluating the cell survival rate, we performed the water-soluble tetrazolium salt cell viability assay and growth curve analysis. To confirm cell death, cell cycle and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using flow cytometric analysis by applying fluorescence dye dichlorofluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide. Furthermore, we also evaluated cellular lipid accumulation with oil red O staining, and fatty acid synthesis related genes expression levels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with SYBR green dye. Glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle related gene expression levels were measured using qPCR after exposure to Dudleya brittonii extract (DB) for 12 h. Results: The ROS production and cell death were induced by PMA treatment, and exposure to DB reduced the PMA induced downregulation of cell survival. The PMA and DB treatments upregulated the lipid accumulation, with corresponding increase in the acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase mRNA expressions. DB-PMA co-treatment reduced the glycolysis genes expression, but increased the expressions of fatty acid oxidation and TCA cycle genes. Conclusion: This study provides new insights and directions for further research relating to the immunity of porcine respiratory system, by employing a model based on alveolar macrophages and natural materials.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.920-926
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• 1997

촉매 글리콜분해공정은 에스테르 교환반응에 의해 생성된 폴리올과 carbamate 화합물을 회수하여 폴리우레탄 폼 제조에 이용하는 화학적 재활용 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 폴리우레탄 폼을 분해하기 위해 ethyleneglycol, diethyleneglycol, 1,4-butanediol을 사용하였으며, 촉매로는 금속 acetate류를 사용하였다. 촉매글리콜분해 반응온도는 $180{\sim}200^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 수행되었다. 반응속도는 반응시간 경과에 따른 생성물의 점도를 측정하여 조사하였으며, IR과 GPC분석을 통하여 분해 생성물의 종류와 분자량 분포를 조사하였다. 촉매 글리콜분해는 높은 온도에서 ethyleneglycol을 사용했을 때 잘되었다. K, Na, Tl acetate 촉매의 활성이 좋았으며, 생성물들은 비교적 높은 함량의 아민화합물과 carbamate화합물을 함유하고 있었다. Sr acetate와 Quinoline 촉매의 경우 반응은 다소 느리지만 폴리올의 함량이 높았고 부생성물의 함량이 낮았다. 회수폴리올을 20wt%까지 첨가하여 제조한 폴리우레탄 폼의 물성이 버진 폴리올만을 사용하여 제조한 폼에 비해 인장강도, 경도, 인열강도, 압축강도 등이 좋았다.