• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.192-200
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• 1984

Total lipid contents in rice bran for Poong-San(Tongil) and Dong-Jin(Japonica) were 16.13% and 16.97%, respectively. Neutral lipids for Pong-San(75.20%) were slightly higher than those for Dong-Jin(73.69%), whereas contents of glycolipid for Poong-San(16.71%) were lower than those for Dong-Jin(22.80%). Contents of phospholipid in Poong-San(8.09%) were much higher than those in Dong-Jin(3.51%). Acid, peroxide and thiobarbituric acid value of total lipids extracted from rice bran of Poong-San were slightly lower than those of Dong-Jin. Iodine value showed the reverse trend. The neutral lipids were fractionated and identified as hydrocarbon, esterified sterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, free sterol, diglyceride and monoglyceride. Triglyceride contents were less than common edible oils, but diglyceride and monoglyceride contents were higher. Among the glycolipids contained in the polar lipids, esterified sterylglycoside(11.46%) was the most abundant. Of the phospholipids, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl choline were the major components. Main fatty acids in the total lipids, three lipid components and stepwise eluted individual lipids were olelic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid. The fatty acid composition of the neutral lipids was similar to that of the total lipids. In glycolipids, the content of linoleic acid was higher than that of oleic acid, and palmitic acid was predominant in the fatty acid composition of the esterified sterylglycoside.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 1988

Korean native goat's bone marrow was low in triglycerides high in phospholipids and glycolipids. In the fatty acid composition, goat's bone marrow was high in $C_{18:1}$ and low in $C_{18:0}$. Goat's bone marrow also contained more unsaturated fatty acid than saturated fatty acid. Triglyceride and sterylester were more than others in the neutral lipids. Esterified glycoside and monogalactosyl diglyceride were higher than others in the glycolipids. Diphosphatidyl glycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were higher than others in the phospholipids. In the fatty acid composition of triglycerides, Humerus and Radius, Femur and Os coxae and Lumbar vertebra were all higher in $C_{16:0}$, $C_{18:0}$ and $C_{18:1}$ than others in the 1-position of triglycerides and higher in $C_{18:0}$, $C_{18:2}$ and $C_{18:3}$ than others in the 2-position of triglycerides.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2001-2006
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• 2005

Glycoproteins and glycolipids play key roles in intracellular reactions between cells and their environments at the membrane surface. For better understanding of the nature of these events, it is necessary to know threedimensional structures of those carbohydrates, involved in them. Since carbohydrates contain many hydroxyl groups which can serve both as hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, hydrogen bond is an important factor stabilizing the structure of carbohydrate. DMSO is an aprotic solvent frequently used for the study of carbohydrates because it gives detailed insight into the intramolecular hydrogen bond network. In this study, conformational properties and the hydrogen bonds in $\beta$-lactose in DMSO are investigated by NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. NOEs, temperature coefficients, deuterium isotope effect, and molecular dynamics simulations proved that there is a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond between O3 and HO2' in $\beta$-lactose and also OH3 in $\beta$-lactose may form an intermolecular hydrogen bond with DMSO.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1999

Ten specimens of pufferfish Lagocephalus gloveri(called Gumeun-mibog in Korean) were purchased at a fish market in Pusan Korea. The pufferfishes were immediately frozen packed in ice boxes transpor-ted to our laboratory and then dissected in to four parts. The tissues were homoginized after adding with chloroform: methanol mixture solution and storaged at cool and dark place to extract total lipid. The total lipid contents were 29,34∼36.54% in liver 4.95∼6.11% in intestine 1.08∼1.60% in skin and 0.23∼0.38% in muscle of the pufferfish respectively. The contents of DHA and EPA were higher in the total lipids of livers showing 15.99% DHA and 3.04% EPA. The other fatty acids in the total lipids of liver were mainly composed of palmitic acid(16:0) palmitoleic acid(16:1) stearic acid(18:0) and oliec acid(18:1) Furthermore the contents of neurtral lipids were 95.45% and those of phospholipids and glycolipids were 1.45 and 3.09% respectively. Main fattty acids of the neutral lipid were composed of palmitic acid(16:0) stearic acid(18:0) oleic acid(18:1) oleic acid(18:1) EPA(20:6) and DHA(22:6) The contents of DHA and EPA were 16.62 and 2.41% respectvely. From these results of toxicity in the raw liver the tissue was judged to be nontoxic before and after extracting of total lipid.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 1985

Lipid and fatty acid compositions of free lipids and bound lipids from fresh ginseng, red ginseng and white ginseng were studied by means of silicic acid column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Free lipid and bound lipid contents in those three samples were 1.21 to 1.45% and 0.32 to 0.45%. Neutral lipid fractions in free lipids from the samples were 76.6 to 79.7%, while glycolipid and phospholipid fractions were 11.6 to 14.7% and 8.5 to 8.7%, respectively. The major lipids were triglycerides, sterol esters and hydrocarbons, diglycerides and free sterols in neutral lipids, sterol glucoside, monogalactosyl diglyceride, esterified steryl glycoside, digalactosyl diglyceride in glycolipids and phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl inositol in phospholipids. Fourteen kinds of even numbered and four kinds of odd numbered fatty acids were identified in the four lipid fractions (TL, NL, GL and PL) by GLC, and the main fatty acids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.2 s.98
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• pp.180-186
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• 2007

In this study, we examined the effects of different water activities (Aw: 0.3, 0.5, and 0.8) on the lipid composition and oxidation of wheat flour after 28 days of storage in the dark at $60^{\circ}$C. The lipid content of the flour was 2.7%, and had decreased significantly (p<0.05) at the end of the storage period. Decrease in monoacylglycerol and increase in free fatty acids were observed, however, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositiol were not detected after storage. Phosphatidylehtanolamine was more stable than phosphatidylcholine during the dark storage of flour. The flour lipids consisted of palmitic (18%), stearic (1%), oleic (14%), linoleic (63%), and linolenic (4%) acids, and the relative content of linolenic acid decreased after 28 days of storage. The conjugated dienoic acid content of the flour lipid had increased due to lipid oxidation during dark storage. Hydrolysis of neutral lipids and glycolipids, and lipid oxidation, were higher in the flour stored at Aw 0.8 than in the flour stored at Aw 0.3 or 0.5.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 1991

Analysis of major nutritional components and Sensory evaluation in two kinds of beef bone stocks (White & Brown) have been Carried out in this study, these stocks were prepared with four different parts of beef bone (Knee bone, Rumpbone, Legbone, Backbone). White bone stocks were made of each beef bone boiling in water & hours, while brown bone stocks were prepared with roasted beef bone in the oven at $230^{\circ}C$ for half an hour and boiled 8 hours with water. Fatty acids were determined by GLC (Gas Lipids Chromatogram), the minerals were analysed by Automic spectrometer. The results of these analysis were obtained as followes; 1. Neutral lipids was gradually becreased, and glycolipids phospholipids were increased in quantity in Brown stocks for 8 hours. Unsaturated fatty accid of Brown stocks was highly decreased due to roasting of bores in the oven at 23$0^{\circ}C$ for half an hour. But they appeared in large quantity in white stocks. 2. The minerals also contained of high percentage in almost Brown stock except backbone Stock 3. Four materials (Kneebone, Rumpbone, Legbone, and backbone) were used for this study and the paired comparison of flavor test presented the recognition of different flavor at 5% level of Least Significant Difference (LSD) on brown stocks (Kneebone, and Legbone). Ranking preference test showed that white Kneebone stock and brown legbone stock had good taste.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.439-447
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the chemical structure of a biosurfactant produced by Nocardia farcinica strain BN26 isolated from soil, and evaluate its in vitro antitumor activity on a panel of human cancer cell lines. Strain BN26 was found to produce glycolipid biosurfactant on n-hexadecane as the sole carbon source. The biosurfactant was purified using medium-pressure liquid chromatography and characterized as trehalose lipid tetraester (THL) by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the cytotoxic effects of THL on cancer cell lines BV-173, KE-37 (SKW-3), HL-60, HL-60/DOX, and JMSU-1 were evaluated by MTT assay. It was shown that THL exerted concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity against the human tumor cell lines and mediated cell death by the induction of partial oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. These findings suggest that THL could be of potential to apply in biomedicine as a therapeutic agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 1992

The lipid compositions of total lipid extracted from the flesh divided into albinic type and melanic type of culture shellfishes, i.e. Achatina fucica Bowdich, Ampullarius insularus were compared. Total lipid contents of shellfishes were $1.11{\sim}3.25%$, the levels were appeared higher in Ampullarius insularus than Achatina fucica Bowdich, and in albinic type than melanic type. It was found that the contents of neutral lipids $(31.79{\sim}40.60%)$ and phospholipids $(50.95{\sim}62.12%)$ were high, while that of glycolipids $(4.84{\sim}9.47%)$ were low. The major fatty acids in total lipid of each sample were $C_{18:2}(11.92{\sim}14.37%)$, $C_{18:1}(12.34{\sim}13.64%)$, $C_{20:4}(11.03{\sim}13.74%)$, $C_{16:0}(7.45{\sim}15.39%)$ and $C_{18:0}(7.34{\sim}11.80%)$ and additionally $C_{20:2}(9.62{\sim}10.19%)$ in Achatina fucica Bowdich, and the major fatty acid composition in total lipids of each sample showed no significant differences between albinic type and melanic type, respectively. Particularly the content of $C_{16:0}$ in total lipids was shown more abundant in Ampullarius insularus and that of $C_{18:0}$, C_{20:2}$ in Achatina fucica Bowdich. The content of polyene acids in total lipids occupied higher level in Achatina fucica Bowdich but $C_{22:6}$ was almost detected, and observed relatively higher amounts in Ampullarius insularus. The main fatty acids in neutral lipid of Achatina fucica Bowdich were $C_{18:2}(16.80{\sim}17.74%)$, $C_{20:2}(12.15{\sim}12.59%)$, $C_{18:1}(9.79{\sim}10.37%)$, $C_{18:0}(7.71{\sim}12.43%)$ and C_{16:0},\;C_{20:4}$ and additionally $C_{18:3} (20.90%)$ was shown predominant in melanic type and the level of polyene acid highest in neutral lipids. The neutral lipids in each type of Ampullarius insularus were mainly composed of $C_{16:0}(16.96{\sim}17.46%)$, $C_{18:1}(13.79{\sim}13.95%)$ and $C_{18:2} (12.90{\sim}15.70%)$ and additionally it chiefly consisted of $C_{18:1}$, $C_{20:4}$and$C_{22:6}$. The major fatty acids in each type of glycolipids were $C_{18:2}(19.01{\sim}19.72)$, $C_{16:0}(12.89{\sim}18.76%)$ and $C_{18:0}(12.68{\sim}17.52%)$ and additionally $C_{18:1}$ in Achatina fucica Bowdich, but $C_{22:1}$ was detected in relatively higher level by 6.95% in albinic type only. The major fatty acids in glycolipids were $C_{18:2}(12.46{\sim}18.21%)$, $C_{16:0}(10.43{\sim}18.48%)$, $C_{20:1}(10.51{\sim}14.59%)$, $C_{20:4}(8.24{\sim}12.34%)$ and additionally it chiefly consisted of $C_{18:0}\;and\;C_{18:1}$ in Ampullarius insularus. The fatty acid composition in phospholipids of each sample was very resembled to total lipids, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.339-351
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• 1999

Excess secretion of goblet cell stimulated by inhalation anesthetics have side effects during operation or postoperative care. Mucosubstances, which are almost secreted by goblet cells in the epithelium of the respiratory tract, are secreted by a direct irritation of inhalation anesthetics. This study was carried out to compare the differences of mucus secretion on lower respiratory tract stimulated by ethyl ether, halothane and isoflurane. Total of 24 rabbits were used as experimental animals. The trachea and the 1st bronchi were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. After embedding in paraffin, the specimens were sectioned to a thickness of 6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and PAS-H, Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0 stains were performed for the observation of the composition and the quantity of the mucus. The results were as follows; Ethyl ether and isoflurane irritated the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Ethyl ether irritated more than isoflurane. Halothane irritated the mucous membrane, but its effect was minimal and had little influences during operation. In the specimens stained with PAS-H, Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0, the mucosubstance lining the cilia and in the goblet cells of the trachea and 1st bronchi were the strongly PAS-H reactive mucosubstances, moderately Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0. The PAS-H reactive mucosubstance were polysaccharides, neutral mucopolysaccharides, mucoproteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids. Trachea was easily affected than bronchi by inhalation anesthetics. Consequently, it is suggested that because halothane does not irritates respiratory mucosal secretion, its application may be efficient to the depressed respiratory system.