• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.266-271
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• 1991

염건 숭어알은 전통적인 방법으로 제조하였다. 제조 조건들은 10%염농도의 간장에 염지하고 두께 1.2cm 정도로 압착하여 70% 습도에서 3m/sec의 풍속 및 $20^{\circ}C$에서 음건하였다. 가공돠 저장기간의 유리 및 결합지질을 분리하여 다시 중성, 당 및 인지질로 분획하였다. 주요구성 지방산은 $C_{16:0},\;C_{18:0},C_{18:1}과\;C_{18:2}$이며 합계량이 7.71mg/100mg 으로 당지질의 77% 정도 점유하였다. 불포화도는 결합당지질은 2.09로 유리당지질의 0.92와 차이가 많았다. 다가불포화 지방산비는 0.10-0.78로 낮았으며 필수지방산함량은 결합당지질의 신선어란 4.23mg/100mg에서 저장 9주째는 거의 소멸되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.735-740
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• 1996

일반계 및 다수계 미강유의 극성지방질 조성을 밝히고자 하였다. 미강유 중의 당지방질의 주요성분은 esterified steryl glycoside가 48.8~52.1%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었고, 그 다음으로는 steryl glycoside, monogalactosyl diglyceride, cerebroside 및 digalactosyl diglyceride순이었다. 인지방질은 phosphatidyl choline이 33.1~36.7%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었고, 그 다음이 phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol＋phosphatidyl serines, phosphatidyl glycerols, dipho sphatidyl glycerols, lysophosphatidyl cholines 순이었다. 미강유의 당 및 인지방질 획분의 주요지방산은 oleic acid, linoleic acid 및 palmitic acid이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.476-483
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• 2024

Fractionated lipids of Halocynthia aurantium (Pyuridae) have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, their modulatory properties have not been reported yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine immune enhancing effects of fractionated lipids from H. aurantium tunic on macrophage cells. The tunic of H. aurantium was used to isolate total lipids, which were then subsequently separated into neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0%) of each fractionated lipid. Cytotoxicity, production of NO, expression levels of immune-associated genes, and signaling pathways were then determined. Neutral lipids and glycolipids significantly stimulated NO and PGE₂ production and expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner, while phospholipids ineffectively induced NO production and mRNA expression. Furthermore, it was found that both neutral lipids and glycolipids increased NF-κB p-65, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK phosphorylation, suggesting that these lipids might enhance immunity by activating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, H. aurantium lipids-induced TNF-α expression was decreased by blocking MAPK or NF-κB signaling pathways. Phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells was also significantly enhanced by neutral lipids and glycolipids. These results suggest that neutral lipids and glycolipids from H. aurantium tunic have potential as immune-enhancing materials.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1998

Glycolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa YPJ-80 were characterized by chromatographic and spectorscopic techniques as a mixture of two rhamnolipids. For recovery of glycolipids from the culture broth, various isolation methods including ultrafiltration, adsorption and solvent extraction were compared. Ultrafiltration showed the best results in terms of glycolipids recovery. Further purification for spectroscopic analysis was carried out by adsorption chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. From the spectroscopic analysis, such as IR spectroscopy. FAB-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and hydrolysis analysis, the glycolipids were identified as L-${\alpha}$-rhamnopyranosyl-${\beta}$-hydroxydecanoly-${\beta}$-hydroxydecanoate and 2-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-${\beta}$-hydroxydecanoyl-${\beta}$-hydroxydecanoate. Monorhamnolipid and dirhamnolipid lowered the surface tension of water to 28.1 mN/M and 29.3 mN/m, respectively.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.303-307
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• 1992

The lipid compositions of buckwheats produced in Korea were analyzed. The samples used in this experiment were as follows; Kyungbuk rice buckwheat. Kangwon hull buckwheat and Kangwon rice buckwheat. The total lipids were extracted and fractionated to neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids respectively by silicic acid column chromatography (SACC). As a result, neutral lipids content of these three samples were in the range of 82.77-95.65%; glycolipids in 1.97-10.83%; and phospholipids in 2.21-6.40%. The composition of neutral lipids of these three samples showed that triglyceride were in the range of 88.7-92.0%; monoglyceride in 2.3-4.0%; free fatty acid in 3.0-3.7%; diglyceride in 0.7-0.8%.; free sterol in 0-0.7%; and steryl esters in 0-2.2%. The major fatty acids of total lipid, neutral lipid, glycolipids and phospholipids of these three samples were oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.399-403
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• 1983

청국장 발효과정중에 일어나는 지질성분(脂質成分)의 변화(變化)를 규명하고저 삶은콩에 Bacillus natto 를 접종(接種), 3일간 발효시킨후 식염을 7% 첨가하여 20일간 숙성(熟成)한 청국장을 만들고, 삶은콩, 청국장 고오지 및 청국장제품의 지질(脂質)에 관한 연구를 행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 삶은콩의 총지질(總脂質) 함량중 중생지질(中性脂質)은 92.08%, 유리지방산(遊離脂肪酸)은 1.76%, 당지질(糖脂質)은 2.04%, 연지질(憐脂質)은 4.12% 이었으나, 발효숙성(醱酵熟成)과정중 중성지질(中性脂質)이 감소하고 유리지방산(遊離脂肪酸) 함량이 증가하였으며 당지질(糖脂質)의 함량도 증가하는 경향을 나타냈고 연지질(憐脂質)의 함량은 청국장 고오지 발효중에 증가하였다가 숙성기간중 감소하였다. 또한 연지질(憐脂質)과 당지질획분(糖脂質劃分)들의 발효숙성중(醱酵熟成中)의 구성성분의 변화에 있어서 특히 포스파티딜 이노시톨 및 포스파티딜 콜린의 변화가 주목되었고 또 디-갈락토실 디-글리세리드가 현저하게 감소되었다. 한편, 중성지질(中性脂質) 및 유리지방산(遊離脂肪酸)들의 구성 지방산(脂肪酸)중 주요성분은 리놀레산이었으며 당지질(糖脂質)과 연지질(憐脂質)에서는 팔미트산이었고 특히, 다른 지질획분(脂質劃分)에 비해 당지질(糖脂質)에는 리놀렌산 함량이 거의 없는 것으로 나타난다. 발효숙성(醱酵熟成) 결과 연지질(憐脂質) 및 당지질획분(糖脂質劃分)들에서 포화지방산(脂肪酸) 함량이 감소한 반면 불포화도가 높은 지방산(脂肪酸)의 함량은 증가하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1986

우리나라에서 재배된 4품종의 멥쌀과 2품종의 찹쌀 중의 극성지방질의 조성에 대하여 비교 연구하였다. 멥쌀과 찹쌀 중의 당지방질의 주요성분은 esterified sterylglycosides, monogalactosyl diglycerides, steryl glycosides, digalactosyl diglycerides 및 cerebrosides 였으며, 이들 함량은 멥쌀과 찹쌀간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 멥쌀과 찹쌀 중의 인지방질의 주요성분은 Iysophosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl inositols 및 phosphatidyl ethanolamines 이였다. 그러나 lysophosphatidyl cholines과 phosphatidyl cholines은 멥쌀이 찹쌀에서 보다 많이 함유되어 있었고. phosphatidyl ethanolamines 과 phosphatidyl inositols는 찹쌀이 멥쌀에서 보다 많이 함유되어 있었다. 멥쌀과 찹쌀의 당 및 인지방질 획분의 주요 지방산은 palmitic, linoleic 및 oleic acid였다. 그러나 당지방질 획분 중의 palmitic acid는 멥쌀이 찹쌀에서 보다 함량이 높았고, 인지방질 획분 중의 oleic 및 stearic acid는 멥쌀이 찹쌀에서보다 적었으나, linoleic acid는 멥쌀이 찹쌀에서 보다 많았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1989

가열처리 및 건조방법이 새우의 극성지방질에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자하였다. 새우중의 당지방질의 주요성분은 esterified steryl glycoside, monogalactosyl diglyceride 및 steryl glycoside 이었으며, 열풍건조한 것은 동결건조한 것보다 esterified steryl glycoside 함량은 유의적으로 많은 반면에 monogalactosyl diglyceride 함량은 적었다. 새우중의 인지방질의 주요성분은 phosphatidyl enthanolamine, phosphatidyl choline phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl serine 이었으며, phosphatidic acid 함량은 가열처리 하지 않고 열풍건조한 것은 8.3%, 동결건조한 것은 5.9%로서 전자가 후자보다 유의적으로 많았고, phosphatidyl ethanolamine 함량은 마이크로파 처리 할 경우 동결건조한 것은 열풍건조한 것보다 그 함량이 많은 반면에 phosphatidyl choline함량은 적었다. 생새우의 당 및 인지방질 획분의 주요 지방산은 pentadecanoic acid palmitic acid oleic acid, nervonic acid 및 eicosapentaenoic acid 이었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the detailed lipid content, lipid composition and amino acid composition of Semisulcospira gottschei tissues. Lipids of Semisulcospira gottschei tissues were extracted by the mixture of chloloform-methanol, fractionated into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids by silicic acid column chromatography and the composition of these lipid classes were determined by TLC and GLC. the amino acids in Semisulcospira gottschei tissues was analyzed by the amino acid auto analyzer. The total lipids content was 1.4% and the main components of the total lipids were neutral lipids 67.9%, glycolipids 19.3% and phospholipids 12.8%, respectively. The main fatty acids of total lipids were palmitic acid (20.5%), palmitoleic acid (16.45) and linolenic acid+eicosenoic acid (15.0%) and linoleic acid(13.1%), the main fatty acids of glycolipids were palmitic acid (41.9%), palmitoleic acid (19.7%) and oleic acid (11.7%), and the main fatty acids of phospholipids were linolenic acid+eicosenoic acid (55.1%), oleic acid (17.3%) and palmitic acid (11.4%). The main amino acids were glutamic acid (16.0%) and aspartic acid (11.1%).

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.626-629
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• 2000

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa BYK-2(KCTC 18012p) produced three kinds of glycolipids on olive oil as a substrate and purified two types of major glycolipids(Rf=0.48, BS-1; Rf=0.65, BS-2) using silica gel chromatography, TLC, HPLC, etc. From the analysis of the chemical structure, the glycolipid of BS-1 was estimated as rhamnolipid($2-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl- {\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-{\beta}-hydroxyldecanoyl-{\beta}-hydroxydecanoic$ acid; M.W. 650) and BS-2 was detected as rhamnolipid methyl ester($2-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-{\beta}-hydroxyldecanoyl-{\beta}-hydroxydecanoic$ acid methyl ester; M.W. 664) by FT-IR, FAB Mass spectrometry, $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C$ FT-NMR, DEPT, 2D-NMR (TOCSY, RELAY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC). In particular, It was found that a marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa BYK-2(KCTC 18012P) remarkably produced rhamnolipid and rhamnolipid methyl ester simultaneously.