• 제목/요약/키워드: glycoalkaloids

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감자의 품종, 부위 및 중량별 Glycoalkaloid의 함량 (Glycoalkaloid Content as influenced by Varieties, Parts and Weight of Potatoes)

  • 황춘선;이성우
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.383-387
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    • 1984
  • 동일포장(同一圃場)에서 재배한 May Queen 및 Irish Cobbler 두 품종의 감자를 사용해서 부위별(部位別) 및 중량별(重量別)로 glycoalkaloid함량(含量)의 변화를 고속액체크로마토그래피로 측정(測定)한 결과는 다음과 같다. 부위별(部位別)에 의(依)한 차이를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 두품종 다같이 수질부(髓質部)보다 피층부(皮層部)에 함유량(含有量)이 많아서 전(全) glycoalkaloids의 99%이상을 차지하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 감자의 한 개체에서 볼 때 상부(上部) 및 하부조직(下部組織)에 함유량(含有量)이 많고 중앙부(中央部)에서는 그것보다 적다는 것을 알았다. 또한 부위(部位)에 의(依)한 현저(顯著)한 차이는 확인(確認)되지 않았으며 ${\alpha}-solaning$은 수질부(髓質部)에서는 아주 검출(檢出)되지 않았다. 두 품종(品種)의 감자를 중량별(重量別)로 4단계(段階)로 나누어 중앙부(中央部) 조직중(組織中)에 함유(含有)되는 glycoalkaloid를 측정(測定)한 결과(結果) 두품종 모두 중량(重量)이 가벼워질수록 피층부(皮層部)의 glycoalkaloid의 함유량(含有量)이 증가하는 것을 확인(確認)했다. 또한 수질부(髓質部)의 함량(含量)은 적고 또 일정(一定)한 경향(傾向)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다.

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감자수염진딧물(Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas)에 의한 감자 품종별 피해정도와 관련요인 분석 (Infestation of Potato Cultivars by Potato Aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, and its Infestation-related Factors)

  • 권민;장동칠;안용준
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제47권3호
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    • pp.193-199
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    • 2008
  • 감자(Solanum tubersum L.)의 주요 해충의 하나인 감자수염진딧물(Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas)에 의한 50개 감자 품종별 피해정도를 포장에서 검정하고 실내에서 배설 감로수와 식물체 내 성분(glycoalkaloids, total N, Ca, K, Mg) 함량을 품종별로 분석하여 피해도와의 상관성을 조사하였다. 50개 품종에 대한 감자수염진딧물의 포장 발생밀도 범위는 5엽당 $4.1{\sim}31.4$정도였으며, Jidose, Recent, Sebago 품종 등은 5마리 이하의 낮은 발생밀도를 보였다. 품종별 배설 감로수는 Jopoong에서 40.3개로 가장 많았고, 그 다음이 Superior로 37.7개였다. 가장 적은 품종은 Anco와 Shepody로 각각 15.7개, 16.7개였다. 포장실험과 실내시험 결과를 각 성분 함량별로 상관분석한 결과, 감자수염진딧물에 의한 피해는 glycoalkaloids 함량이나 전질소 함량과 정의 상관을 보였고, 나머지 식물체 성분함량과는 어떠한 상관도 보이지 않았다.

Alumina Column Chromatography와 HPLC에 의한 토마토의 Dehydrotomatine 및 ${\alpha}$-Tomatine 단리방법 연구 (Analytical Methods for the Isolation of Dehydrotomatine and ${\alpha}$-Tomatine in Tomato Fruits by Use of Alumina Column Chromatography and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography)

  • 최석현;김현룡;이진식
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.556-561
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    • 2010
  • Tomato fruits(Lycoperisicon esculentum) synthesize the glycoalkaloids dehydrotomatine and ${\alpha}$-tomatine, possibly as defense against bacteria, fungi and insects. We developed a new effective method to prepare and purify dehydrotomatine and ${\alpha}$-tomatine that exists in tomato fruits using alumina column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The tomato glycoalkaloids(TGA) in tomato was extracted with 2% acetic acid, and then precipitated with ammonium hydroxide(pH=10.5). The dry precipitate substance was applied on alumina column, and then fractionated with water saturated n-butylalcohol. The TGA(Fr. No. 26~36) were collected and dried under reduced pressure. The TGA was performed on a reverse phase HPLC(Inertsil ODS-2, $5\;{\mu}m$), eluted with acetonitrile/20mM $KH_2PO_4$(24:76, v/v) at 208 nm. Two peaks were detected on HPLC, and individual peak was collected by repeating HPLC. Furthermore, to confirm the identity dehydrotomatine and ${\alpha}$-tomatine, each peak isolated was hydrolyzed with 1N HCl into sugar and aglycone tomatidine. The sugars were converted to trimethylsilyl ester derivatives. The nature and molar ratios of sugars were identified by gas-liquid chromatography(GLC) and the aglycone by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The first peak (Rt=17.5 min) eluted from HPLC was identified as dehydrotomatine, and second peak(Rt=21.0 min) was as ${\alpha}$-tomatine. This technique has been used effectively to prepare and isolate dehydrotomatine and ${\alpha}$-tomatine from tomato fruits.

Simple and Sensitive Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Method for Determination of Glycoalkaloids in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

  • Kim, Jae-Kwang;Bae, Shin-Cheol;Baek, Hyung-Jin;Seo, Hyo-Won;Ryu, Tae-Hun;Kim, Jung-Bong;Won, So-Youn;Sohn, Soo-In;Kim, Dong-Hern;Kim, Sun-Ju;Cho, Myoung-Rae
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.113-117
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    • 2009
  • A method was developed using enhanced liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis and quantitation of 2 main potato glycoalkaloids, $\alpha$-chaconine, and $\alpha$-solanine, without any pre-concentration or derivatisation steps. Calibration curves generated by this technique exhibited a linear dynamic range from 0.025 to $50{\mu}g/mL$ and from 0.05 to $50{\mu}g/mL$ for $\alpha$-chaconine and $\alpha$-solanine, respectively. Matrix effects were evaluated by comparing calibration curves measured in matrix-matched and solvent-based systems. Ion suppression due to matrix effects was weak and extraction recoveries of 88 to 114% were obtained in different sample matrices spiked with analyte concentrations ranging from 15 to $35{\mu}g/mL$. Potatoes that had been genetically modified to tolerate glufosinate contained the same glycoalkaloid levels as their non-transgenic counterpart. We suggest complementing compositional comparison assessment strategy by validating quantitative analytical methods for the toxic glycoalkaloids in potato plants.

청동방아벌레(Selatosomus puncticollis Mot.) 유충에 의한 감자 품종별 피해도 검정과 저항성 관련요인 분석 (Screening of Potato Cultivars for Infestation by Selatosomus puncticollis Mot.(Coleoptera: Elasteridae) and Analysis of Factors Assiciated with Resistance)

  • 권민;박천수;함영일;안용준
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제39권3호
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    • pp.157-163
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    • 2000
  • 청동방아벌레((Selatosomus puncticollis Motschulsky) 유충에 의한 50종 감자(Solanum tuberosum L.) 품종의 피해정도를 검정한 전보의 결과를 바탕으로, 10개 품종(수미, 조풍, 남작, 대서, 대지, 세풍, 남서, Anco, Bintje, Denali)의 괴경피해율과 피해도를 포장과 실내에서 검정하였다. 또한 품종별 피해도 차이에 대한 원인을 구명하고자 괴경에 함유된 여러 가지 성분들(glycoalkaloids, 당, 전분, 전질소, Ca, K, Mg)의 함량을 측정하였다. 청동방아벌레 유충에 대한 10개 품종의 포장 피해괴경율은 19~72%로 높았다. 실내검정 결과 청동방아벌레 유충에 의한 피해구멍수는 남서 품종에서 많았으나, 수미, 대서, Anco, Bintje, Denali 품종은 상대적으로 적었다. 또한 방아벌레 유충에 대한 $\alpha$-chaconine, $\alpha$-solanine, $\alpha$-tomatine의 활성을 실내에서 검정한 결과, 2,500 ppm 농도에서 어떠한 활성도 관찰되지 않았다. 괴경의 glycoalkaloids 함량은 품종별로 차이가 많았는데, 수미품종은 18.83 mg%로 가장 많이 함유하였으나, 남작 품종은 6.39%로 가장 적었다. 괴경중 화원당과 총당 함량은 남서 품종에서 각각 0.71%와 2.95%였으나, 대지 품종은 0.26%와 1.77%였다. 전분 함량은 대지, 남작, Bintje 품종이 많았던 반면 조풍과 세풍 품종에서는 적었다. 괴경중 전질소, K를 가장 많이 함유한 품종은 Anco 품종이었고, Ca는 대서 품종에 Mg는 조풍 품종에 가장 많았다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 품종별 해충의 피해도와 저항성 관련 요인들간의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 청동방아벌레 유충에 의한 피해는 괴경중 전질소 함량과는 부의 상과(r=-0.71435*)이었으나, 괴경중 총당 함량과는 정의 상관(r=0.78018*)을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 해충종합방제 프로그램을 확립하고 또한 새로운 내충성 품종의 육성에 기초자료가 될 것으로 생각된다.

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거세한우 육량향상을 위한 알칼로이드계열 천연물 이용 사료첨가제 개발 (Development of Natural Alkaloid-feed Additive for Enhancing Yield Grade of Hanwoo Steers)

  • 강동훈;박보혜;장선식;정기용
    • 현장농수산연구지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 2024
  • 표준물질 Alpha-chaconine과 alpha-solanine에 대한 LC-MS 분석을 통해서 농도별 기준을 정하고 추출시료의 농도를 정량분석 하였다. LC-MS 분석을 통한 정량선 작성 결과 두 화합물 모두 0.16~5,000ng/mL 농도 구간에서 검량선을 확인할 수 있었다. 건조시료에서 alphachaconine 2.05mg/g, alpha-solanine 0.60mg/g으로 총합 2.65mg/g의 알칼로이드를 함유한 것으로 나타났다. 열수추출물의 경우 총합 2.23mg/g, 에탄올 추출물에서는 총합 0.52mg/g으로 알칼로이드 함량이 에탄올 추출물에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 아트로핀 표준물질에 대한 LC-MS 분석 결과 m/z 290의 SIM mode에서 검출하였다. 가지와 토마토 추출물에서 아트로핀 화합물이 미검출 되었으며, 실험에 사용된 시료에서는 아트로핀 화합물의 함유가 작아 정량분석에 적합하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. Fig. 8에 나타나는 제1위 소화율 시험에서 감자와 Zilmax를 첨가한 시료에서 유의적으로 소실이 진행되었고 가지의 경우 완만하게 소실되었다. 소실되는 건물내 존재하는 글라이코 알칼로이드 농도를 측정해 본 결과 α-solanine과 α-chaconine 농도 모두가 감소하였고 특히 섭취 후 8시간에서 12시간 내에 완전 소화되는 것을 확인하였다. 알칼로이드 사료첨가물을 20일간 급여한 거세한우 32두의 혈액 내 대사물질을 측정한 결과 유리지방산(NEFA)의 경우 가지처리구와 대조구에서는 다른 대사물질과 유사하게 증가하였는데 Zilmax와 감자 처리구에서는 반대로 감소하는 현상을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 감자추출물이 유리지방산에 작용기작이 β-adrenergic agonist인 Zilmax와 유사한 작용을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

한국산 재배종 감자의 기관, 품종, 부위, 중량별 Glycoalkaloid의 변화 (Glycoalkaloid Content in Korean Cultivated Potato Plant and Tubers by Organ, Variety, Part and Weight)

  • 김정애;소궤신행;한재숙
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.187-194
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    • 2004
  • The concentration of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) glycoalkaloids(PCA) (i.e., ${\alpha}$-chaconine and ${\alpha}$-solanine) in Korean cultivated potato plant, and in the different varieties, parts and weights of the potato tubers, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The highest concentrations of PGA in potato plants were found in the roots, followed by the stems and leaves. A large quantity of PGA existed in the periderm of 'Atlantic' potatoes, whereas 'Irish Cobbler' contained the lowest amount in five cultivated potato tubers.'Irish Cobbler' potatoes were divided into three parts and the PGA content in each part was determined. It was found that both of the end parts of the potatoes contained higher PGA than the middle part. The PGA contents in four different sizes of potatoes increased toward the smaller size. Thesignificantly high level of PGA was contained in the smallest size potato tubers, which have been used widely for Korean cooking.

토마토의 생육과정에 따른 성분 변화 I -Tomatine 분석을 중심으로 - (The Changes of Components by Maturity Stage of Tomato I)

  • 김동석;소궤신행;한재숙;김미향
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.598-604
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    • 2004
  • This was aim to study the changes of components by different parts and maturity of tomato. We found that orally fed tomatine which induced a significant reduction in cholesterol in hamster in contrast to potato glycoalkaloids, the safety of tomatine was supported by our observation that pickled green tomatoes consumed widely in many countries has a high tomatine content. The tomatoes harvested during the first stage(10 days after flowering) contained tomatine $6333.49{\mu}g\;per\;100g$ and dohydrotomatine and ${\alpha}$-tomatine in a ratio of about 1:13.8. The tomatine content then decreased by about 85% during stage 2(20 days after flowering) an dehydrotomatine contene dropped to a value near zero during stage 3, 4 It on the tomatine content dropped to a value near zero during the final stage(50 days after flowering). With respect to health benefits at all stages of maturity, unripe tomato contain chlorophyll and ${\alpha}$-tomatine should consumed.

Production of glycoalkaloids from callus cultures of Solanum hainanense Hance

  • Loc, Nguyen Hoang;Anh, Nguyen Huu Thuan;Binh, Doan Huu Nhat;Yang, Moon-Sik;Kim, Tae-Geum
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.96-101
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    • 2010
  • Leaf explants of the Solanum hainanense plant, grown in vitro, were cultured in basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for callus initiation. For maintenance and proliferation, the callus was cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D. The glycoalkaloid content in the callus was at its maximum after ten weeks of culture (188.65 mg/g), whereas that of the one-year-old control was 22.22 mg/g in the root and 5.99 mg/g in the stem. The glycoalkaloid extracted from the callus inhibited the activity of collagenase on collagen gel. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that biotransformation occurred when a callus was grown on medium supplemented with various carbon sources. These results suggest that callus of S. hainanense is a good material for production of glycoalkaloid.

Characterization and Induction of Potato HMGR genes in Relation to Antimicrobial Isoprenoid Synthesis

  • Park, Doil;Richard M. Bostock
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 1995년도 Proceedings of special lectures on Molecular Biological Approaches to Plant Disease National Agricultural Science and Technology Institute Suwon, Korea
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    • pp.55-75
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    • 1995
  • Induction of HMG-Co A reductase (HMGR) is essential for the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins and steroid derivatives in Solanaceous plants following wounding and pathogen infection. To better understand this complex step in stress-responsive isoprenoid synthesis, three classes of cDNAs for HMGR (hmg1, hmg2, and hmg3) were isolated from a potato tuber library. The potato cDNAs had extensive homology in open reading frames but had low homology in the 3'-untranslated regions. RNA gel blot analysis using gene-specific probes revealed that hmg1 is induced by wounding but wound induction is strongly suppressed by arachidonic acid or by inoculation with Phytophthora infestants. In contrast, hmg2 and hmg3 are slightly induced by wounding and strongly enhanced by arachidonic acid or inoculation. The induction and suppression of HMGR genes parallel the suppression of steroid and stimulation of sesquiterpenoid accumulations observed in earlier investigations. Treatment of the tuber disks with a low concentration of methyl-jasmonate doubled the wound induced accumulation of hmg1 transcripts and steroid-glycoalkaloid accumulation, but did not affect the abundance of transcripts for hmg2 or hmg3 nor induce phytoalexins. High concentration of methyl-jasmonate suppressed hmg1 mRNA and steroid-glycoalkaloid accumulation, induced hmg3 mRNA, and did not elicit phytoalexins. Lipoxygenase inhibitors suppressed the accumulation of of hmg1 transcripts and steroid-glycoalkaloids, which were restored by exogeneous methyl-jasmonate. Methyl-jasmonate applied together with arachidonic acid enhanced the elicitor induced accumulation of sesquiterpenes and sustained steroid-glycoalkaloid levels with transcript levels for the various HMGR mRNAs equal to or greater than wound-only treatment. These results domonstrate that the consequences of wound- and pathogen-responses of plants are different at the levels of gene expression and associated secondary metabolism.

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