• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.354-359
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• 2023

A mono-type glycerine fatty acid ester compound was chemically synthesized using medium-chain fatty acids with antibacterial activity, and the physicochemical quality and antibacterial activity of the synthesized glycerine medium-chain fatty acid ester compound were measured. At a reaction molar ratio of MCT(medium chain triglyceride) to glycerine of 1:2.5, 48.15% mono ester was produced. The physicochemical analysis of the synthesized glycerine fatty acid ester compound showed an acid content of 0.38~0.60%, which tended to increase slightly as the glycerine molar ratio increased. The saponification value decreased as the synthesized molar ratio of glycerine increased from 218 to 284. The number of bacteria was measured to confirm the degree of antibacterial activity of glycerine medium-chain fatty acid esters against food poisoning bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi. The number of bacteria significantly decreased as the MCT:glycerine molar ratio increased. In particular, the antibacterial effect between the treatment groups was the highest when at an MCT:glycerine molar ratio of 1:2.5.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.27 no.1 s.53
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• pp.31-39
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the characterization of the pyrolysis products of propylene glycol(PG) and glycerine alone and together with tobacco. The weight change of the samples during the pyrolysis was measured by a thermal analyzer(STD-2960). The pyrolysis products were determined by GC/MS after pyrolysis using a curie-point pyrolyzer(CPP, $220^{\circ}C,\;420^{\circ}C,\;650^{\circ}C,\;and\;920^{\circ}C$) and a double-shot pyrolyzer(DSP, $220^{\circ}C,\;420^{\circ}C,\;650^{\circ}C,\;and\;800^{\circ}C$), respectively. The pyrolysis products from tobacco with and without the addition of PG($2\%$) and glycerine($2\%$ were assayed for its pyrolytic behavior. The results showed that a dramatic change in weight of PG and glycerine was observed at $175^{\circ}C\;and\;249^{\circ}C$, respectively. PG and glycerine showed different patterns for their pyrolysis products according to the method of pyrolysis. Namely, the change rate in pyrolysis with DSP was much higher than that of CPP at above $650^{\circ}C$. The major pyrolysis products of PG were propene, acetaldehyde, propanal, and acetol; the major pyrolysis products of glycerine were 2-propenal, 2-propenol, acetol, and acetic acid. In the pyrolysis experiments of tobacco added PG and glycerine, the pyrolysis products of PG and glycerine weren't detected additionally, except for diethyleneglycol diacetate. From these results, it can be concluded that the PG and glycerine added to tobacco would not be expected to pyrolyse extensively during smoking.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 1981

Cooked spaghetti soaked in 10%, 20%, and 40% aqueous glycerine solutions for ten minutes absorbed sufficient glycerine to plasticize that spaghetti during and after subsequent drying. The plasticizing action of the glycerine prevented fissuring(checking) and surface corrugation of the spaghetti at elevated drying temperature and large wet-bulb dry-bulb temperature difference. The drying temperature and the wet-bulb dry-bulb differences up to which such protection was provided as the glycerine soak concentration increased. Despite the reduction in drying rate, the drying time required to produce spaghetti with a water activity of 0.65 (the level normally required for stability) decreased as glycerine content increased. At high frying temperatures glycerine addition increased the extent of browning and shortened the period required to induce detectale browning, but in all instances browning started well after the product $a_w$ reached the 0.65 value required for the completion of drying. Because glycerine addition reduced drying times at any given set of drying conditions and permitted the use of higher drying temperatures, relatively low levels of glycerine addition (e.g. 0.15 kg glycerine/kg dry spagetti) can shorten spagnetti drying times by roughly 80% and perhaps by as much as 93%.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.24
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• pp.55-59
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of glycerine on the properties of paper. Two types of glycerine treatment were used. First type, when making handsheets, glycerine was added in the plup slurry. Second type, copying paper was soaked in glycerine solution. Microwave treatment was used for the test of paper degradation. The obtained results were summarized as follows: 1. The glycerin was very effective to improve the property of softness. 2. The glycerine was helpful to increase sizing performance of paper as a fixing agent of sizing emulsion. 3. Curl tester was comparatively useful for the measuring of sizing degree.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 1962

The polycondensates of isophthalic acid-cinnamic acid-glycerine system were synthesized. The molecular weights of these products were determined by two methods, viscosity method and osmotic pressure methods. In the synthesis of resin, the reaction temperature was kept at 232$^{\circ}C$ and the mole ratio of the reactants was chosen as follows: Glycerine ;1.0 Isophthalic acid ;1.0 Cinnamic acid ;2.8 Excessive cinnamic acid prevented gelation of reaction mixtures. As the solution became very dilute, reduced osmotic pressure P/C (at the concentration of solution below 0.24g/100 ml of acetone) and reduced viscosity ${\eta}_{sp}/C$ (at the concentration of solution below 0.32 g/100 ml of acetone) increased rapidly. The correspondence between molecular weights determined by the two methods made Huggin's equation applicable to the prepared polymer. The values of K and a are $2.77{\times}10^{-5}$ and 1.063, respectively.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.414-420
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• 1999

The oxide sacrificial layer technology is one of the key technologies in surface micromachining. However, the commonly used aqueous HF solutions, including the $NH_4F$ buffered HF solutions (BHF), are known to attack the Al metal layers during the oxide sacrificial etch. A mixed $NH_4F$/HF/glycerine aqueous solution of 4:1:2 ratio is known to have the best etch selectivity between oxide and AI, but even this sacrificial etchant has a significant etch rate for AI. This paper reports an extensive experimental study on various concentration ratios for HF, $NH_4F$ and glycerine, and develops the optimal mixture ratio for sacrificial etching. At the $NH_4F$/HF/glycerine ratio of 2:1:4, the etch selectivity between PSG and Al improves by approximately 6 times over the previously known best selectivity, to a value of 7,700. At this condition, the measured etch rate of PSG film is approximately $2.1\;{\mu}m/min$, which is sufficiently fast. The developed sacrificial etchant allows the addition of a Al metal layer in surface micromachining, without the worry of Al layer erosion during sacrificial etch.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 1993

This study was investigated optimal conditions which were necessary to prepare emulsion of four component systems by the Microfluidizer. Squalane, isopropyl myristate, PPG-15 stearyl benzoate ester were used as an oil and POE(20) sorbitan monolaurate, POE(20) sorbitan monopalmitate, POE(20) sorbitan monostearate, glycerine were selected as a cosurfactant and surfactant. The emulsion was affected by the operating pressure, the recycle frequency and oil, surfactant, cosurfactant phase. The operating pressure and recycle frequency increased, the droplet diameter of emulsion decreased and was constant later. In this study, the optimal pressure and recycle frequency were 1400 bar, 4 cycles. The droplet size was the smallest when the concentration of glycerine was 30 wt.%. As the oil phase is increased, the size is increased.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.299-303
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• 1984

In order to eluciate the effect of humidity and organic solvent on the decomposition of carbamide peroxide, the kinetic study was carried out. The carbamide peroxide was prepared from urea and 30%-hydrogen peroxide. The accelerated stability analysis for carbamide peroxide crystal in various relative humidity, and for 10%-carbamide peroxide solution of organic solvents were investigated. Both humidity and temperature were important factors influencing the decomposition rate of carbamide peroxide crystal. The higher the humidity and temperature, the greater was the reaction rate. The breakdown rate of crystal was observed as an apparent zero-order, and was faster than the rate of decomposition in dilute propylene glycol, glycerine or sorbitol solutioos which were measured as an apparent first-order reaction. The more dilute to 10% the organic solvents of 10%-carbamide peroxide, the slower was breakdown rate. It is, therefore, useful in the aspects of stability and economics to substitute solvent of carbamide peroxide topical solution (USP XXI) with 10%-propylene glycol or glycerine instead of anhydrous glycerine.

• Clean Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2005

An absorption heat transformer for energy recovery has been investigated using methanol-glycerine. The simulated calculation of theoretical thermal efficiency was performed based on the thermodynamic properties of the working fluid over various operating conditions. The thermal efficiency of higher than 0.4 was obtained by raising industrial waste heat, $70-80^{\circ}C$, by $40^{\circ}C$ in this system.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

This study was carried out to examine the optimal treatment conditions of ethanol and glycerine for processing technology development of preserved flowers in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) 'Desio' commonly used for flower design. For this purpose, effects of dipping duration of ethanol solution and treatment duration and concentration of glycerine on preserved flower quality were evaluated. Ethanol treatment resulted in perfect dehydration and decoloration of petals and it was proper at 24~48 hours under high brightness and low chroma. Appropriate concentration and time of glycerine treatment was 30% at 36 hours because it resulted in Munsell value of 4.0R in Hue, 6.49 in Value, and 19.8 in Chroma (4.0R 6.49/14) representing the most approximate value to that of fresh petals. Decreasing rate in weight after desiccation tended to reduce by longer time of immersing and higher concentration. Weight after 12 hours of immersing reduced up to 86~90% according to treatment time in non-treatment group of glycerin, meanwhile, it reduced up to 51~69% under higher concentration of 40%. However, weight after 48 hours of immersing reduced up to 90% regardless of desiccation time in non-treatment group of glycerine, to the contrary, decreasing rate reduced by 46~54% through glycerine treatment of 40%. Time for desiccation required 24 hours in glycerin concentration of 10~20% except 6 hours of immersing time, however, higher concentration resulted in increased time up to 48 hours.