• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic activity and onset time of the gluteus maximus (GM) and hamstring (HAM), lumbopelvic kinematics during three different prone table hip extension exercises in healthy individuals. Methods: Twenty subjects were participated. Electromyography device was used to measure the muscle activities and onset time of the GM and HAM muscles. An electromagnetic tracking motion device was used to measure lumbopelvic compensations. The subjects were asked to perform three different prone table hip extension [Prone table hip extension with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver on a chair (PTHEA), PTHEA with the ipsilateral knee flexion (PTHEAF), PTHEAF with hip 30 abduction (PTHEAFA)]. One-way repeated measures analysis of the variance and a Bonferroni post hoc test were used. Results: The electromyographic activity and onset time were significantly different among three conditions (PTHEA vs. PTHEAF vs. PTHEAFA)(p<0.01). The GM muscle activity and onset time were significantly greater and reduced during the PTHEAFA compared to PTHEA and PTHEAF (p<0.01). However, The HAM muscle activity and onset time were significantly smaller and delayed during the PTHEAFA compared to PTHEA and PTHEAF (p<0.01). Conclusions: PTHEAFA exercise can be recommended to facilitate the muscle activity and efficient muscle firing time of GM without HAM dominance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effectiveness of iliopsoas self-stretching on the hip extension angle, gluteus maximus (GM) activity, and pelvic compensated angle during prone hip extension (PHE) in subjects with iliopsoas shortness. Methods: Twenty-healthy subjects with iliopsoas shortness were recruited. Electromyography (EMG) was used to examine erector spinae (ES), multifidus (MF), GM, and biceps femoris (BF) while performing PHE. An electromagnetic tracking motion analysis device was used to measure the pelvic compensations. The pelvic compensations while performing PHE were considered to be anterior tilting and rotation. A modified Thomas test was used to monitor the hip extension angle before and after iliopsoas self-stretching. A paired t-test was used to investigate the significant difference after iliopsoas self-stretching during PHE. The level of statistical significance was set to ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: Muscle activity of GM and hip extension angle were significantly greater after iliopsoas self-stretching compared to that before iliopsoas self-stretching during PHE (p<0.05). BF and pelvic rotation angle were significantly lower after iliopsoas self-stretching compared to that before iliopsoas self-stretching during PHE (p<0.05). The muscle activity of ES was not significantly different between PHE before and after iliopsoas self-stretching (p>0.05). Conclusion: Iliopsoas self-stretching can be effective in selectively strengthening the GM muscles with minimized pelvic compensation in subjects with iliopsoas shortness.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2024

Purpose: The study was undertaken to investigate the electromyographic activities of the gluteus maximus (GM), hamstring (HAM), and multifidus (MF) in three different sling locations during bridge exercise in the supine position. Methods: Twenty healthy male subjects participated. An electromyography device was used to measure the muscle activities of the GM, HAM, and MF muscles. Subjects were asked to perform bridge exercises with three different sling locations as follows: 1) Bridge exercise with an ankle sling; BEAS, 2) Bridge exercise with a calf sling; BECS, and 3) Bridge exercise with a knee sling; BEKS in random order. The analysis was conducted using one-way repeated ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc. Significance was set at α=0.01. Results: HAM muscle activity was significantly different in the three conditions (BEAS, BECS, BEKS) (adjusted p-value [p_adj]<0.01), and HAM muscle activity was significantly smaller during BEKS than during BEAS or BECS (p_adj<0.01). Muscle activity ratio (GM/HAM) during BEKS was significantly greater than muscle activity ratios during BEAS or BECS (p_adj<0.01). Conclusion: BEKS is recommended to inhibit HAM muscle activity and improve the GM/HAM muscle activity ratio.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of trunk muscles according to width of the foot and posture of the arm during sit to stand (STS). METHODS: Thirty subjects were recruited and examined for variation in muscle activity of the erector spine, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and external oblique during different STS conditions; namely, the cross arm basic sit to stand (CBSTS), overhead basic sit to stand (OBSTS), cross arm wide sit to stand (CWSTS), and overhead wide sit to stand (OWSTS). Repeated measures ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used for analysis. RESULTS: Erector spinae muscle activity showed a significant increase in the OBSTS condition (p<.05) and external oblique muscle activity showed a significant increase in the OWSTS condition ((p<.05). There was no significant difference in the activity of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius under any conditions (p>.05). CONCLUSION: During evaluation of the performance of the STS, the CWSTS condition will be useful to decrease the muscle activity of the erector spinae and the OWSTS condition will be useful to increase the muscle activity of the external oblique. The results of this study can be used as an index to find a suitable exercise method for subjects who have back pain or to strengthen the abdomen.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2017

Purpose: This study observed the activity of trunk and lower limb muscles during a modified bridging exercise with various weight loads. Methods: The participants in this study consisted of 15 male adults. The muscle activity of the elector spinae, rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscles was measured with an EMG-8 system during a modified bridging exercise performed with various weight loads (indicated as percentage of body weight). Differences in muscle activity during the bridging exercise according to the weight load applied were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, and post hoc analysis was performed using LSD. Statistical significance was accepted at a p-level of 0.05. Results: When the subjects performed the modified bridging exercise with various weight loads, the muscle activity of the gluteus maximus and vastus medialis peaked at a load of 0.5%. The activity of the gluteus medius showed a remarkable difference when the modified bridging exercise was performed at loads of 0% and 0.5%, 0% and 1%. In addition, the activity of the vastus medialis showed a remarkable difference between modified bridging exercises performed at a load of 0% and that performed at a load of 0.5%. Conclusion: The results suggest that performing modified bridging exercises with a load of 0.5% of body weight results in significant differences in the activity of the gluteus medius and vastus medialis muscles. Thus, it is suggested that performing the modified bridging exercise at 0.5% of body weight may selectively strengthen the gluteus medius and vastus medialis muscles.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2009

골수외 형질세포종은 아주 드물게 발생하는 종양으로, 전체 형질 세포 종양의 3~5 %를 차지하며 상부 호흡기관에서 주로 발생한다. 그 외 드물게 위장관, 방광, 중추 신경계, 유방, 갑상선, 고환, 타액선, 임파선, 피부 등에서 발생한 증례보고가 있다. 저자들은 49세 남자의 대둔근에서 발생한 골수외 형질세포종 1예를 경험하였기에 이를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2020

본 연구는 노인을 대상으로 상·하지 근력과 보행을 측정한 후 연령에 따른 차이와 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 2019년 6월~7월 사이 65세에서 85세 사이의 남녀 노인 107명이 측정을 끝까지 마쳤으며 기록된 근력(악력, 발가락력, 중둔근력, 대둔근력)과 보행 특성(보속, 보빈도, 보폭, 외발지지기, 양발지지기)으로 통계 분석을 실시하였다. 상·하지 근력은 악력기, 도수근력측정기, 발가락지력기로 측정하였고 관성센서 기반 보행 측정 신발 시스템으로 보행 자료를 획득하였다. 전기 노인(65~74세)과 후기 노인(75~85세) 사이에 근력과 보행 특성은 차이가 없었다. 전·후기 노인에서 악력, 발가락력, 중둔근력, 대둔근력이 일부 보행 특성과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<.05). 중둔근력과 대둔근력이 두 연령대에서 보행 특성과 유의한 상관관계를 악력이나 발가락력보다 많이 보였다. 보속과 악력의 회귀계수는 전·후기 노인 간에 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 전기 노인보다 후기 노인에서 근력 요인들이 보행 특성을 더 잘 설명하였다. 또한, 악력은 노인 체력를 손쉽게 측정할 수 있는 변인이지만 보속을 포함한 보행 특성을 설명하는데 중둔근력과 대둔근력이 더 유용할 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2002

This study examined the muscle recruitment order during extension of the hip joint in normal subjects, and evaluated whether the external support obtained from wearing a lumbosacral corset had an effect on muscle recruitment leading to increased lumbar stability. The subjects were 40 normal adults (32 male, 8 female) with no history of low back pain and no pathological findings in the nervous or musculoskeletal systems. All subjects extended their hip joints under 3 positions (prone, sidelying, standing). During extension, the onsets of contraction of the rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, and semitendinosus muscles were measured. Electromyographic activity was measured using a surface electrode, and the muscle contraction onset time was designated as the point exceeding a threshold of 25 ms, using a mean plus twice of the standard deviation. To compare the average order of muscle contraction onset time, a Freedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks was used. The relative difference between muscle contraction onset time wearing and not wearing a lumbosacral corset was measured using a paired t-test. A difference in the average muscle contraction onset order for the rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, and semitendinosus muscles was observed (p<.05) among three positions. However, wearing a lumbosacral corset did not. change the contraction order. In addition, wearing a lumbosacral corset produced a significant difference (p<.05) in the relative onset time between the rectus abdominis and gluteus maximus in the standing position, but no difference was observed for the other muscles or positions. In the future, patients suffering from low back pain should be compared with normal subjects to determine the effectiveness of a lumbosacral corset in changing muscle recruitment order.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2006

This study examined the effects of the abdominal drawing-in (ADI) maneuver using a pressure biofeedback on muscle recruitment pattern of erector spinae and hip extensors and anterior pelvic tilt during hip extension in the prone position. Fourteen able-bodied volunteers, who had no medical history of lower extremity or lumbar spine disease, were recruited for this study. The muscle onset time of erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and medial hamstring and angle of anterior pelvic tilt during hip extension in prone position were measured in two conditions: ADI maneuver condition and non-ADI maneuver condition. Muscle onset time was measured using a surface electromyography (EMG). Kinematic data for angle of anterior pelvic tilt were measured using a motion analysis system. The muscle onset time and angle of anterior pelvic tilt were compared using a paired t-test. The study showed that in ADI maneuver during hip extension in prone position, the muscle onset time for the erector spinae was delayed significantly by a mean of 43.20 ms (SD 43.12), and the onset time for the gluteus maximus preceded significantly by a mean of -4.83 ms (SD 14.10) compared to non-ADI maneuver condition (p<.05). The angle of anterior pelvic tilt was significantly lower in the ADI maneuver condition by a mean of 7.03 degrees (SD 2.59) compared to non-ADI maneuver condition (15.01 degrees) (p<.05). The findings of this study indicated that prone hip extension with the ADI maneuver was an effective method to recruit the gluteus maximus earlier than erector spinae and to decrease anterior pelvic tilting.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) for measurement of muscle thickness with changes in angles of the gluteus maximus (GM) at rest and during contraction. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-two healthy men volunteered for this study. GM muscle images were obtained in the resting position and during prone hip extension with knee flexion at hip abduction angles of $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, respectively. Two examiners randomly measured the thickness of the GM twice in three different positions. The first position was a comfortable prone position. The second position was prone hip extension with knee flexion (PHEKF) to $90^{\circ}$. The third position was achieved by hanging a 1-kg weight on the ankle of the lifted leg during PHEKF with the angle of the lifted leg the same as the second position. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error measurements, and minimal detectable changes were used to estimate reliability. Results: The intra-rater reliability ICCs (95% confidence interval) of the GM were >0.870, indicating good reliability. Inter-rater reliability ICCs ranged from 0.668 to 0.913. The reliability of measurements of muscle thickness at each position was similar to the reliability of the angle change. Differences in muscle thickness and ratios for each position with $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ of hip abduction were not statistically significant. Conclusions: In the present study, the intra-rater reliability of muscle thickness measurements of the GM was good, and the inter-rater reliability was moderate to good. Reliable RUSI measurements of wide and large muscles, such as the GM muscle at rest and during contraction, are feasible. Further investigation is required to establish the reproducibility of the protocols presented in this study.