• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2006

The oral administration of extracts of young radishes cultivated with sulfur after intravenous tumor cell injection achieved a marked reduction of pulmonary colonization in mice. Treatment of the mice with extracts of young radish cultivated with sulfur did not show any increase in the number of CD8+ or NK T cells in the spleen, indicating no influence on host immunity. Sulforaphane, which could be a candidate for an active compound from young radishes cultivated with sulfur, inhibited cell growth of B16-F10 melanoma cells. In addition, extracts of the young radish cultivated with sulfur-fed group showed enhanced quinine reductase (QR) activities in the liver and lung and a slight increase of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the liver. These results suggested that the administration of extracts of young radishes cultivated with sulfur suppressed pulmonary tumorigenesis, possibly due to increased activity of detoxification enzymes in the liver and lung, and partly due to cell cytotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1997

We investigated metabolism and carcinogenesis in livers of Sprague-Dawley rats fed juices and pelleted diets containing Korean native plants petasites japonicus Maxim by evaluating cell localization and expression of cytochrome P450s and GST-P. Anti-cytochrome P450s application in liver sections revealed three to four times increased expression of cytochrome P450E1 immunoreactivity in degenerative hepatocytes when compared to histologically normal hepatocytes. Anti-GST-P in showed positive pren plastic foci as well as in individual hepatocytes randomly scattered throughout all liver sections examined. Additionally GST-P was evident in proliferative endothelial cells and biliary epithelial cells in exposed rat livers. These results suggested that the increased level of cytochrome P4502E1 in affected hepatocytes was a direct consequence of Petasites japonicus toxicity. Further immunoreactivity to anti-GST-P in hepatocytes endothelial cells and biliary epithelial cells indicated a possible preneoplastic effects of Petasites japonicus in Sprague-Dawley rat.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.355-361
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• 2015

Background: Deletion types of genetic variants of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1, the GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null which are risk factors for certain cancers, have been ubiquitously found in human populations but their worldwide distribution pattern is unclear. Materials and Methods: To perform a meta-analysis, a systematic search for the literature on GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes was done to identify 63 reports for 81 human populations. Relationships between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequencies and the absolute latitude of 81 populations were tested by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: A significant positive correlation was detected between the GSTM1 null genotype frequency and the absolute latitude (r=0.28, p-value <0.05), whereas the GSTT1 null genotype frequency and absolute latitude showed a significant negative correlation (r= -0.41 p-value <0.01). There was no correlation between the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype in each population (r= -0.029, p-value=0.80). Conclusions: Latitudinal clines of the distribution of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes may be attributed to the result of gene-environmental adaptation. No functional compensation between GSTM1 and GSTT1 was suggested by the lack of correlation between the null frequencies for GSTM1 and GSTT1.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3109-3112
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• 2012

Background: Many studies have focused on possible associations between the glutathione S-transferase M 1 (GSTM1) null genotype and risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but the impact remains unclear owing to obvious inconsistencies among the findings. The present study aimed to quantify the strength of any association in a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase and CBM databases for studies concerning the association between the GSTM1 null genotype and risk of RCC. We estimated the summary odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to assess the association. Results: The meta-analysis showed the GSTM1 null genotype was not associated with risk of RCC overall (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.92-1.18, P = 0.501). For Caucasians, the GSTM1 null genotype was also not associated with risk of RCC (OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.90-1.16, P = 0.761). The cumulative meta-analyses showed a trend of no obvious association between GSTM1 null genotype and risk of RCC as information accumulated. Sensitivity analyses by omitting those studies also did not materially alter the overall combined ORs. No evidence of publication bias was observed. Conclusion: Meta-analyses of available data show that the GSTM1 null genotype is not significantly associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 1998

Carbon tetrachloride (CCI$_4$) induces the hepatotoxicity due to the reactive free radicals generated by cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) enzyme, which result in destabilization of cellular membrane. Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocking agent, has been known to suppress the CYP-450 enzyme activities. To study the effect of diltiazem in $CCl_4$-treated rats, we measured the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), contents of bilirubin, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine malondialdehyde and calcium. Also we conducted liver histopathologic examinations. Diltiazem, when administered 1 hour prior to CCI$_4$ treaeent, significantly reduced the activities of ALT and AST, the contents of microsomal malondialdehyde and calcium in liver and microsome as compared with those of $CCl_4$-treated rats. In addition, histopathologic examination showed that diltiazem prevented the development of centrilobular necrosis induced by CCI$_4$ in liver tissue. Our results suggested that diltiazem could inhibit the formation of free radicals and the influx of calcium. Therefore diltiazem may be applied to suppress the liver damage caused by $CCl_4$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 1997

The full NMR assignment of hispidulin 7-0-neohesperidoside (1) isolated from Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense was made with the aid of 2D correlation NMR techniques such as HMQC and HMBC. To investigate detoxification of bromobenzene-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation by compound 1, hepatic lipid peroxide level and the activities of enzymes responsible for production and removal of epoxide were studied. The level of lipid peroxide elevated by bromobenzene was significantly reduced by compound 1. This compound administered daily over one week before intoxication with bromobenzene did not affect the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, glutathione S-transferase. Epoxide hydrolase activity was decreased significantly by bromobenzene, which was restored to the control level by pretreatment of persicarin. The results suggest that the bromobenzene-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation by compound 1 is reduced by enhancing the activity of epoxide hydrolase, an enzyme removing bromobenzene epoxide.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1997

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 protein is known to be one of putative envelope proteins. To develop a sensitive detection method for HCV infected tissues and cells, monoclonal antibodys (MAbs) to the E2 protein of HCV were prepared from mice immunized with recombinant baculovirus-expressing E2 protein (Bac-E2). Several hybridoma clones secreting various levels of MAb were isolated and isotypes of these MAb were determined. One clone (L.2.3.3) was used for ascites production and the E2-MAb was purified and characterized. The L.2.3.3 reacted well with both Bac-E2 and E. coli expressed glutathione-S-transferase-E2 (GST-E2) fusion proteins. Using HCV patient sera, E2 envelope protein was found to be localized in the cell membrane boundary both in CHO cells and insect cells which express HCV E2 protein. Similar result was obtained when same cells were treated with the MAb L.2.3.3. These results demonstrated that Bac-E2 protein is capable of eliciting high titer antibody production in mice.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.456-459
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• 2008

Quality of rice grain changes during dry storage with internal physiological changes and external injury by organism. Storage rice changes by condition with respiration via variable temperature, hydrolysis enzyme reaction, lipid peroxidation occurs with change of palatability. During dry storage, physiological change with protein variation pattern was examined by image analysis on proteomic technology. Analysis revealed that protein activity had no change store at room temperature and store at $40^{\circ}C$, but decreased store at $60^{\circ}C$. Analysis of variable hydrophobic protein pattern revealed that protein activity of beta-tubulin, protein disulfide isomerase, vacuolar ATPase b subunit, globulin was not significantly decreased all dry and store condition. However, heat shock protein 70, and glutathione transferase was significantly decreased when rice dried at $60^{\circ}C$ compared with room temperature and $40^{\circ}C$ dry condition.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.455-461
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• 2012

Amongst the various antimicrobial peptides, lysozyme plays a central role in initiating and maintaining the antibacterial defense response of insect. Here we propose the biosynthesis and refolding of recombinant lysozyme in Escherichia coli expressed in inclusion body form. The Agrius lysozyme gene was amplified using gene specific primers and then ligated into the pGEX-4T-1 vector, which contained the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene as a fusion partner. A recombinant lysozyme was expressed in E. coli Rosetta cells using a pGEX-4T-1 expression vector, and the fusion protein was induced by ioporpyl-${\beta}$-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The recombinant protein produced as an inclusion body was resolubilized in solubilization buffer, and the resultant solution was dialyzed in refolding buffer. After thrombin cleavage, the recombinant lysozyme was purified by ion exchange chromatography and reverse phase chromatography. The recombinant lysozyme was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis and immunoreactivity against the anti-Agrius lysozyme was observed by western blot analysis of this protein. The recombinant lysozyme displayed antibacterial activity against Bacillus megaterium and Micrococcus luteus, which was confirmed by the inhibition zone assay.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.574-580
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• 2007

Full-length chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) is a member of the family of proteins related to bovine chloride intracellular channel p64. Mutations in the SEDL gene cause spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT), a rare X-linked chondrodysplasia. The link between the intracellular chloride channels and SEDL is an important step toward understanding their functional interplay. In the present study, CLIC1 protein was subcloned into the pGEX-KG vector and overexpressed in XL-1 blue cells. We developed a large-scale expression system composed of glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused with a 240-amino-acid CLIC1 protein in Escherichia coli. The soluble CLIC1 protein was successfully purified to homogeneity, and its purity, identity, activity and conformation were determined using SDS-PAGE, MALDI-MS, biophotometer and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies. The binding of both CLIC1 and SEDL proteins in vitro was detected by BIAcore biosensor and fluorescence measurements.