• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 1992

Effect of freeze drying leek against cadmium poisoning on glutathione peroxidase, on glutathione reductase and on glutathione-s-transferase in liver, kidney and testes of the male rats during the administered period. In this experiment, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The rats which were fed for 15 weeks were divided into 4 groups basal diet 3% leek added diet basal diet and cadmium in water and 3% leek added diet and cadmium in water. Cadmium was administered ad libitum 100ppm CdCl$_{2}$ in distilled water. The followings are the result of this experiment. 1. Leek enhanced the glutathione peroxidase activities which were reduced by cadmium treatment in liver, kidney and testes but not significance. 2. Leek reduced glutathione reductase activities which were incresed by cadmium in liver, kidney and testes. 3. Leek incresed the activities of glutathfone-s-transferase in liver but not in kidney and but not in testes. 4. Leek incresed glutathione concentration which was decresed by cadmium treatment in liver and kidney but not testes. This experiment showed that leek-addition group had protective effect against cadmium poisoning and alleviated GR and glutathione-s-transferase activities in tissues. Leek incresed activities of glutathione peroxidase in liver, kidney and testes but not significance. Therefore, this experiment concluded that leek defensive power against long term cadmium poisoning.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.273-279
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• 1998

The ability of bovine intact red blood cells to scavenge superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase was investigated. Intact red cells(up to 0.4%) suspensions did not inhibit ferricytochrome c reduction by superoxide in the superoxide generating system. On the other hand, intact red cell(0.4%) suspensions almost completely inhibit ferrocytochrome c oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. The ability of intact red cells to scavenge hydrogen peroxide was mainly attributed to either membrane bound catalase or glutathione peroxidase. The scavenge of hydrogen peroxide by 0.1~0.2% intact red cells showed a trend of dependence on mainly glutathione peroxidase. However, at blood cell concentration higher than 0.3%, the process depended upon peroxidase-independent scavengers like catalase. Enhancement of ferrocytochrome c oxidation by red cells treated with aminotriazole proved that the protection against hydrogen peroxide was due to catalase, while the protection in the presence of glutathione indicated scavenging effect of glutathione peroxidase against hydrogen peroxide.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.271-275
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• 1990

The tests related to red cell fragility were performed. Samples of blood anticoagulated with heparin were obtained from Korean native cattle in Chonbuk region abattoir, and classified by the district(Kun) with reference to breeding location. Hemolysis test for red cell fragility was performed with whole blood and glutathione peroxidase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Blood concentration of selenium, inorganic component of glutathione peroxidase, was also determined fluorophotometrically. The results obtained were summerized as follows; 1. Percent hemolysis of erythrocytes ranged from 13.53 to 20.74%, and its mean Palue was low as $17.11{\pm}9.91%$. Means in all were not district(Kun) in Chonbuk region significantly different. 2. Glutathione peroxidase activity ranged from 2,881 to 4,000mU/ml, and high mean values, $3,352{\pm}1,872mU/ml$, reflected low percent hemolysis. 3. There was a highly negative correlation between the red cell fragility(Y) and blood glutathione peroxidase activity(X). The linear regression equation for these data was: Y=29.86-3.75X with a correlation coefficient of r=-.6886 (p<0.01) 4. Blood selenium concentration ranged from 0.16 to $0.24{\mu}g/ml$, and mean values was normal level as $0.2{\pm}0.11{\mu}g/ml$. 5. There was a highly positive correlation between blood selenium concentration(X), and blood glutathione peroxidase activity(Y). The linear regression for these data was: Y=230+15,790X, with a correlation coefficient officient of r=0. 8635.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.141-158
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• 1986

A glutathione peroxidase from white rat (Wistar strain)erythrocytes was partially purified and characterized. In addition, localization of this enzyme in the liver was studied by histochemical method. A glutathione peroxidase was purified approximately 33.5-folds by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex filtration column and DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. The optimum temperature of the crude glutathione peroxidase was $40^\\circC$, and the optimum pH was 7.5. This crude glutathione peroxidase was most stable at $30^\\circC$ and the values of Km and Vmax were calculated to be 8.5mM and 15.6 $\\mu$moles/min for glutathione, and 40 $\\mu$M and 10.5 $\\mu$moles/min for hydrogen peroxide, respectively. The molecular weight of this enzyme was estimated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration to be approximately 90, 000. By electron microscopic examination, histochemical reaction products were microbodies that were prominent in the peripheral parts of the lobule. The reaction products exhibited round shapes, the diameter of which varied $0.2\\sim0.7 \\muM$ and their boundary membranes were not distint.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.170-175
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• 2010

Chaperone;Glutathione peroxidase;Peroxiredoxin;Schizosaccharomyces pombe;Thioredoxin peroxidase;To investigate the differences in the functional roles of peroxiredoxins (Prxs) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we examined the peroxidase and molecular chaperone properties of the recombinant proteins. TPx (thioredoxin peroxidase) exhibited a capacity for peroxide reduction with the thioredoxin system. GPx also showed thioreoxin-dependent peroxidase activity rather than GPx activity. The peroxidase activity of BCP (bacterioferritin comigratory protein) was similar to that of TPx. However, peroxidase activity was not observed for PMP20 (peroxisomal membrane protein 20). TPx, PMP20, and GPx inhibited thermal aggregation of citrate synthase at 43$^{\circ}C$, but BCP failed to inhibit the aggregation. The chaperone activities of PMP20 and GPx were weaker than that of TPx. The peroxidase and chaperone properties of TPx, BCP, and GPx of the fission yeast are similar to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fission yeast PMP20 without thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase activity may act as a molecular chaperone.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.99-118
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• 1989

The cardiotoxic effects of acute and chronic administration of adriamycin (ADR) were evaluated in A/J Swiss albino mice. In acute studies, male mice received intravenous ADR, 5mg or 15mg/kg per day for 3 or 1day and were sacrifice 12 hours later. Because the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase system is major pathway for free radical detoxication, glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity was measured. In acute studies, ADR-treated mice exhibited significantly decreased levels(p<0.05) of total glutathione and unchanged levels of oxidized glutathione and percentage of oxidized glutathione. The earliest myocardial fine structural alterations included swelling and degeneration of mitochondria and dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum at all dosage of acute models. In chronic studies, mice received 5mg/kg ADR once a week for up to 16 weeks. Levels of total and reduced glutathione were decreased significantly(p<0.01) and oxidized glutathione and percentage of oxidized glutathione were increased significantly (p<0.05). Chronic myocardial lesions included perinuclear vacuolization, seperation of myofibrils and the fasciae adherens of intercalated disc and hypercontraction band within myocyte. Glutathione peroxidase activity reduced significantly (p<0.01) in any group of acute and chronic ADR-treated animals. Test for lipid peroxidation(malondialdehyde) was increased significantly(P<0.01). Thus, we conclude 1) ADR significantly lowers glutathione levels in heart tissue, and 2) cellular damage progress produced by alteration of this system in mouse models of ADR cardiotoxicity. These results suggest that the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase system may be involved in the modulation of ADR-induced cardiotoxicity.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.1 s.22
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• pp.121-135
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was carried out to examine protective effect of wild ginseng extract on HepG2 human hepatoma cell line against tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage. Methods : To evaluate protective effect of wild ginseng extract against t-BHP induced cytotoxicity, LDH level and activity of glutathione peroxidase and reductase were measured. Gene expression was also measured using DNA microarray. Results : Wild ginseng extract showed a significant protective effect against t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line. It is not, however, related with the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Analysis of gene expression using DNA chip, demonstrated that 28 genes were up-regulated in t-BHP only group. Five genes - selenoprotein P, glutathione peroxidase 3, sirtuin 2, peroxiredoxin 2, serfiredoxin 1 homolog - may be related with the protective effect of wild ginseng extract. Conclusions : Based on the results, a protective effect of wild ginseng extract against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cell line is not associated with the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, but with the expression of selenoprotein P, glutathione peroxidase 3, sirtuin 2, peroxiredoxin 2, and serfiredoxin 1 homolog.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 2003

This study was designed to determine whether selenium (Se) nutrition affects pulmonary glutathione peroxidase and alveolarization in the neonatal rat. Twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats were bred and fed a semipurified Se-deficient (0.04 ppm, Se-) or a Se-adequate (0.5 ppm, Se+) diet through pregnancy and lactation. Pulmonary DNA synthesis was slightly higher in Se+ pups than in Se- pups on d 6 and d 9 of lactation, but significant difference was not found. As pulmonary alveolarization progressed, mean air space size decreased and internal surface area and lung volume increased. No difference in pulmonary alveolarization was found between Se- and Se+ pups by age. Pulmonary Se concentration was higher in Se+ pups than in Se- pups at all age. Glutathione peroxidase activity in lung tissur reflected Se status and was lower in Se- pups than in Se+ pups. In conclusion, selenium has no significant effect on alveolarization of neonatal lungs. but it is necessary for adequate supply of pulmonary antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1991

The protective of influences of sodium selenitc ($Na_2SeO_3$) against the methemoglobinemia with sodium nitrite were investigated on hemoglobin, methemoglobin, glutathione peroxidase and NADH-methemoglobin reductase activity in rabbits which were given 0,1,3 and 9ppm sodium selenite of drinking water for a week. Dietary selenium did not alter total hemoglobin in the blood of rabbits. Selenium was found to decrease nitrite-induced methemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner. The glutathione peroxidase activity was also increased by selenium in all the experimental groups. However, the NADH-methemoglobin reductase activity by selenite did not show significant differences as concerns the methemoglobinemia. These results showed that selenium could inhibit nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia. Its influence of inhibition is suggested that the effect of the reduction of methemoglobin was greatly stimulated by glutathione peroxidase activity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-39
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• 2003

Many defined cell culture media were formulated over 3() years ago and may be deficient in certain micronutrients whose essentiality has only subsequently been recognised. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether alpha-minimal essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum contained sufficient selenium for optimal activity of the selenium containing enzymes cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (cGPx) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Additionally, the effect of zinc deficiency and metallothionein (MT) overexpression on cGPx and PHGPx activity was studied. The addition of 100 nM of selenous acid to the culture medium increased cGPx expression by 10-fold and PHGPx by about 2-fold in both wild-type CHO-K1 cells and CHO-K1 cells overexpressing mouse MT-1. Zinc deficiency had no significant effect on enzyme activity, but cells overexpressing mouse MT-1 had higher levels of cGPx activity. Zinc deficiency decreased cell survival but overexpression of MT-1 was partially protective, probably because its presence in quantity favoured the uptake, sequestration and cellular retention of any remaining zinc. This study demonstrates that selenium in complete alpha-MEM is insufficient for optimal cGPx and PHGPx activity and may compromise the cellular response to oxidative stress.