• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.393-398
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• 2013

Background: Many studies have investigated associations between the glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer, but the impact of GSTM1 in people who live in Asian countries is still unclear owing to inconsistencies across results. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid and CNKI databases for studies of associations between the GSTM1 null genotype and risk of prostate cancer in people who live in Asian countries, and estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: A total of 18 case-control studies with 2,172 cases and 3,258 controls were included in this meta-analysis, which showed the GSTM1 null genotype to be significantly associated with increased risk of prostate cancer in people who live in Asian countries (random-effects OR=1.74, 95% CI1.44-2.09, P<0.001). Similar results were found in East Asians (OR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.12-1.78; P=0.004) and Caucasians in Asia (OR=2.19; 95% CI: 1.85-2.60; P<0.001). No evidence of publication bias was observed. Conclusions: This meta-analysis of available data suggested that the GSTM1 null genotype does contribute to increased risk of prostate cancer in people who live in Asian countries.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3201-3205
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequencies of GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion polymorphisms in newly-diagnosed patients with uterine cervical lesions from central Serbia. Polymorphisms of GST genes were genotyped in 97 patients with cervical lesions and 50 healthy women using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The GSTM1 null genotype was significantly more prominent among the patients than in controls (74.2% vs 56.0%), the risk associated with lesions being almost 2.3-fold increased (OR=2.26, 95%CI=1.10-4.65, p=0.03) and 3.17-fold higher in patients above >45 years old (95%CI=1.02-9.79, p=0.04). The analysis of the two genotypes demonstrated that GSTM1 null genotype significantly increased risk only for low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion-LSIL (OR=2.81, 95%CI=1.03-7.68, p=0.04). GSTT1 null genotype or different genotype combinations were not found to be risk factors, irrespective to lesion stages, age or smoking. We found that the risk of cervical lesions might be significantly related to the GSTM1 null genotype, especially in women aged above 45 years. Furthermore, the GSTM1 polymorphism might have greater role in development of early stage lesions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.433-439
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• 2005

To gain further insight on the relationship between structure and functions of glutathione S-transferase (GST), the three tyrosine 108 mutants, Y108A, Y108F, and Y108W, of human GST P1-1 were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by affinity chromatography on immobilized GSH. The substitution of Tyr 108 with alanine resulted in significant decrease of the GSH-conjugation activity and the GSH peroxidase activity, but approximately 63% increase of steroid isomerase activity toward ${\Delta}^5$–[androstene 3,17-dione. On the other hand, the substitution of Tyr 108 with phenylalanine resulted in decreases of $k_{cat}\;and\;k_{cat}/K_m{^{EPNP}}$ by 2 orders of magnitude, suggesting that Tyr 108 residue of hGSTP1-1 are considered to be important for the catalysis and the binding of the epoxide substrates. The substitution of Tyr 108 with tryptophan resulted in significant decreases of the specific activities toward EPNP, cumene hydroperoxide and ${\Delta}^5$–ndrostene 3,17-dione, but approximately 2-fold increase on the enzyme-catalyzed addition of GSH to DCNB. We conclude from these results that Tyr 108 in hGST P1-1 plays very different roles depending upon the nature of the electrophilic substrates.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2008

The effects of some coumarins(coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, scopoletin and esculetin) were investigated on pumpkin(Cucurbita maxima Duch.) seedlings and on pumpkin glutathione S-transferases(GSTs). Coumarin and esculetin suppressed the growth of seedlings, especially the elongation of roots as well as hypocotyls. Among the compounds tested, only esculetin inhibited the activity of a particular pumpkin GST by 50%, CmGSTU3 toward 1-chloro-2, 4- dinitrobenzene(CDNB) and at a concentration of 22 ${\mu}M$. Both ethylacetae(EtOAc) and water fractions in pumpkin seedlings and different organs of one-month-old pumpkin plants contained esculetin or similar hydrophobic fluorescent substances as well as hydrophilic substances, which showed different degrees of inhibitory effects on CmGSTU3 activity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.629-633
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• 1992

Caffeine이 랫드의 간조직에서 diethylnitrosamine(200mg/kg B.W., DEN)에 의해 유도되는 preneoplastic altered foci형성의 promotion단계에 미치는 효과를 관찰한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Altered foci의 지표로 사용되는 glutathione S-transferase(GST-P)-positive foci의 수는 caffeine 음수 $m{\ell}$당 2mg 병행투여군($3.10{\pm}2.74$) 및 1mg병행 투여군($5.86{\pm}2.83$) 모두에서 DEN 단독투여 대조군($11.55{\pm}5.82$)에 비하여 현저히 낮게 나타났으며 면적 또한 caffeine 2mg 병행투여군($0.13{\pm}0.11$), 1mg 병행투여군($0.21{\pm}0.12$)에서 DEN 단독투여 대조군($0.76{\pm}0.33$)에 비하여 유의성있는 낮은 수치가 관찰되었다. 간 세포배양에서 unscheduled DNA synthesis(UDS)는 DEN($250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of medium)단독처리군에 비하여 caffeine($200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of medium) 처리시 약 70% 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 caffeine이 간암발생의 promotion단계에 작용하여 억제효과를 나타냄을 암시하며 이는 DNA회복의 억제와 관계됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2003

The potential of seven flavonoid glycosides to induce quinone reductase (QR), an anticarcinogenic marker enzyme, in murine hepatoma cells (hepalc1c7) and its mutant cells (BPRc1) was evaluated. Among test compounds, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, luteolin-6-c-glucoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q-3-G) induced QR in hepalc1c7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, in BPRc1 cells lacking arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), only Q-3-G caused a significant induction of quinone reductase at the concentration range of 0.5 to 8 ug/mL, suggesting that it is a monofunctional inducer. Q-3-G induced not only phase 2 enzymes, including QR and glutathione-S-transferase, but also nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity in HL-60 cells, a biochemical marker for cell differentiation promoting agents. In conclusion, Q-3-G merits further study to evaluate its cancer chemopreventive potential.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4719-4722
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• 2016

Background: Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) is involved in the detoxification of carcinogenic agents. DNA copy number variants of GSTM1 may be associated with cancer progression and may result in reduced survival time of various cancers. Determination of DNA copy number variants was here used to assess the association between GSTM1 copy number variant and pathological status and survival time of colorectal-cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Methods: One hundred thirteen Thai colorectal-cancer patients were investigated for GSTM1 copy number variant by real-time PCR. Relationships between gene copy number variants and clinico-pathological parameters were determined. Result: Associations were evident between GSTM1 copy number and stage of tumor (P = 0.026) and metastasis at diagnosis (P = 0.049), with odds ratio values of 0.2 and 0.3 respectively. Conclusions: GSTM1 copy number variant was here not related with reduced overall survival for the colorectal-cancer patients receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.205-216
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• 2024

Sigma-class glutathione transferase (GST) proteins with dual GST and prostaglandin synthase (PGS) activities play a crucial role in the establishment of Clonorchis sinensis infection. Herein, we analyzed the structural and enzymatic properties of sigma-class GST (CsGST-σ) proteins to obtain insight into their antioxidant and immunomodulatory functions in comparison with mu-class GST (CsGST-µ) proteins. CsGST-σ proteins conserved characteristic structures, which had been described in mammalian hematopoietic prostaglandin D₂ synthases. Recombinant forms of these CsGST-σ and CsGST-µ proteins expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited considerable degrees of GST and PGS activities with substantially different specific activities. All recombinant proteins displayed higher affinities toward prostaglandin H₂ (PGS substrate; average K_m of 30.7 and 3.0 ㎛ for prostaglandin D₂ [PGDS] and E₂ synthase [PGES], respectively) than those toward CDNB (GST substrate; average K_m of 1,205.1 ㎛). Furthermore, the catalytic efficiency (K_cat/K_m) of the PGDS/PGES activity was higher than that of GST activity (average K_cat/K_m of 3.1, 0.7, and 7.0×10^-3 s^-1㎛^-1 for PGDS, PGES, and GST, respectively). Our data strongly suggest that the C. sinensis sigma- and mu-class GST proteins are deeply involved in regulating host immune responses by generating PGD₂ and PGE₂ in addition to their roles in general detoxification.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.13 no.3_4
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• pp.55-61
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• 1998

Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify electrophilic xenobiotics and reactive metabolites. Recently benzene-fused heterocycles have been shown to increase the total amount of hepatic GSTs in rats. Primarily this study aimed to determine the induction of GSTs by benzoazoles (BAs) including benzoxazole (BX), 2-methylbenzoxazole (M-BX), 2,5-dimethyl benzoxazole (D-BX), benzothiazole (BT), aminobenzothiazole (A-BT) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (M-BT) in rats. Hepatic cytosol and poly(A)$^+$ mRNA were prepared from rats after oral administration of BX, BT, M-BX, D-BX, A-BT and M-BT for 5 consecutive days at doses of 1 mmol/kg. Western immunoblot and northern blot analysis were conducted with rabbit anti-GST Ya, Yb$_1$, Yb$_2$, Yc antibodies and cDNA probes containing = 500 bps in the specific coding regions of Ya, Yb$_1$, Yb$_2$, Yc$_1$, and Yc$_2$, respectively. All BAs increased the amount of enzymes and mRNA levels of GSTs. BT was the most effective inducer of GSTs among the compounds examined in this study. Although A-BT and M-BT, the derivatives of BT, induced GSTs, these chemicals had lesser effect on induction of GSTs than BT. The derivatives of BX also induced less GSTs than the parent compound and the addition of methyl group to the benzene ring of BX reduced the induction of GSTs. BAs had better inductive effects on the class $\alpha$(Ya, Yc) than class $\mu$ GSTs (Yb$_1$, Yb$_2$). BAs enhanced mRNA levels of GSTs in parallel with the protein levels. These results indicate that 1) most of BAs induced various isozymes of GSTs, 2) the induction of GSTs appears to be correlated with the chemical structure of the derivatives, and 3) the expression of GST by BAs is presumably under the transcriptional regulation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1697-1701
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• 2013

Background: Studies of associations between genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) with risk of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) have generated conflicting results. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the effects of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on the risk of developing NPC. Materials and Methods: A literature search in two electronic databases namely PubMed and EMBASE up to December 2012 was conducted and eligible papers were finally selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and presence of heterogeneity and publication bias in those studies were evaluated. Results: A total of 9 studies concerning nasopharyngeal cancer were evaluated. Analyses of all relevant studies showed increased NPC risk to be significantly associated with the null genotypes of GSTMI (OR=1.43, 95%CI 1.24-1.66) and GSTT1 (OR=1.28, 95%CI=1.09-1.51). In addition, evidence of publication bias was detected among the studies on GSTM1 polymorphism. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are associated with an increased risk of NPC.