• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5801-5805
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• 2015

As a cytosolic transcription factor, the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor is involved in several pathophysiological events leading to immunosuppression and cancer; hence antagonists of the Ah receptor may possess chemoprevention properties. It is known to modulate carcinogen-metabolising enzymes, for instance the CYP1 family of cytochromes P450 and quinone reductase, both important in the biotransformation of many chemical carcinogens via regulating phase I and phase II enzyme systems. Utilising chemically-activated luciferase expression (CALUX) assay it was revealed that intact glucosinolates, glucoraphanin and glucoerucin, isolated from Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala sabellica and Eruca sativa ripe seeds, respectively, are such antagonists. Both glucosinolates were poor ligands for the Ah receptor; however, they effectively antagonised activation of the receptor by the avid ligand benzo[a]pyrene. Indeed, intact glucosinolate glucoraphanin was a more potent antagonist to the receptor than glucoerucin. It can be concluded that both glucosinolates effectively act as antagonists for the Ah receptor, and this may contribute to their established chemoprevention potency.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1290-1300
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• 2018

돌산갓김치의 조추출물을 이용하여 glucosinolates함량, 항산화활성, 항고혈압 및 항당뇨활성을 측정하였다. Glucosinolates 함량은 DLMK의 잎과 줄기에서 6.41, 7.92 mg/g으로 발효기간 중 낮은 함량을 나타냈다. Total polyphenol과 total flavonoid함량은 줄기보다 잎에서 발효기간 동안 2배 이상의 함량을 나타냈다. ABTS라디컬 소거활성과 EDA은 발효 14일째 대조군과 유사한 활성을 나타냈고, FRAP는 발효 14일째 잎에서 대조군보다 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 그리고 항고혈압 활성(ACE 저해활성)은 잎에서 대조군인 0.01% captopril과 비슷하거나 높은 저해활성을 나타냈으며, 항당뇨활성(${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성)은 대조군인 0.05% acarbose보다 잎, 줄기에서 높은 저해활성을 나타냈다. 또한 glucosinolates 함량과 ABTS 및 EDA, ACE 저해활성 및 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성의 상관관계는 줄기 추출물 보다 잎 추출물이 높은 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 발효기간 중 glucosinolates는 sinigrin, glucobrassicin, glucotropaeolin, progoitrin 검출되었다. 이 결과를 통해 돌산 갓김치 추출물은 항산화, 항고혈압 및 항당뇨활성에 효과가 높은 것으로 나타냈기에 기능성 식품으로서 가치가 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1993

무(5종) 및 무씨(왕관)에 존재하는 glucosinolate를 동정 및 정량하고 열처리에 따른 그 분해산물의 함량을 분석하였다. 왕관, 태백, 대장군, 대부령, 364호 무 및 왕관 무씨의 glucosinolate 분석결과 왕관이 다른 품종보다 많은 종류의 glucosinolate가 동정되었으며 GC법에 의한 총 glucosinolate 함량은 1.25, 1.10, 0.97, 0.96, 0.90 및 2.14 ${\mu}mole/g$이었다. $100^{\circ}C$에서 20분 열처리시 무의 indoleacetonitrile의 생성량은 왕관, 대장군, 태백, 대부령, 364호 무 및 왕관 무씨에서 0.28, 0.20, 0.23, 0.21, 0.24 및 0.58 ${\mu}mole/g$으로 왕관 무씨가 무보다 높게 나타났으며 무 품종간의 차이는 거의 없었다. Thiocyanate 이온의 함량은 열처리 시간이 경과함에 따라 점차 증가하다가 30분 경과시에 최대치를 보였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Changes in the concentrations of glucosinolates and related compounds in different extracts of Dolsan leaf mustard kimchi (DLMK) and Dolsan leaf mustard pickles (DLMP) were during storage investigated. Samples were kept at 0oC for 35 days and collected at 7 day intervals. The leaves and stems of DLMK and DLMP were refluxed for 24 h with 50% acetonitrile, and the extracts were analyzed by LC-PDA/MS/MS. The main glucosinolates detected in DLMK were sinigrin, gluconapoleiferin, glucobrassicanapin, and gluconapin, whereas those in DLMP were sinigrin, gluconapoleiferin, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin, and glucoerucin. Sinigrin concentrations were quantified by UV absorption at 228 nm. Sinigrin concentrations in the leaves and stems of DLMK on the day of preparation were 2.14 mg/g and 2.25 mg/g, respectively, and those on day 35 after preparation were 1.25 mg/g and 1.00 mg/g, respectively. DLMP showed a similar trend: the concentrations in the leaves and stems on the day of preparation were 2.04 mg/g and 0.29 mg/g, respectively, whereas those on day 35 after preparation were 0.59 mg/g and 0.41 mg/g, respectively. Thus, sinigrin concentrations decreased during storage.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.466-469
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• 2005

Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. Pekinensis) is Brassica vegetable that contains high amounts of glucosinolates. Glucosinolates and their breakdown products are thought to contribute to health promotion by preventing some cancers. Chinese cabbage is the most commonly consumed vegetable in Asian countries including Korea. In this study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of 3-butenyl glucosinolate (Gluconapin) from different cultivars and different parts of the cabbage were performed. Gluconapin of Chinese cabbage was extracted by hot ethanol ($80^{\circ}C$), isolated by an anion exchange column and identified by GC/MS and LC/MS. The levels of glucosinolates in Chinese cabbage varied according to the different parts, cultivars, and blanching time. In general, the concentrations of 3-butenyl isothiocyanate (ITC) were higher in the leaf than in the midribs parts. The cultivar 'Bulam no. 3' had a much greater content of 3-butenyl ITC than the cultivar 'Garak no. 1,' and the levels of butenyl ITC were highest after two weeks of storage. Blanching treatment decreased the concentration of 3-butenyl ITC. The ITC concentration varied extensively among different crops of the same species, and according to the different parts on the cabbage, the storage duration and the boiling time.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1565-1570
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• 2013

Relationships between diet and health have attracted attention for centuries; but links between diet and cancer have been a focus only in recent decades. The consumption of diet-containing carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines is most closely correlated with increasing cancer risk. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that consumption of dietary phytochemicals found in vegetables and fruit can decrease cancer incidence. Among the various vegetables, broccoli and other cruciferous species appear most closely associated with reduced cancer risk in organs such as the colorectum, lung, prostate and breast. The protecting effects against cancer risk have been attributed, at least partly, due to their comparatively high amounts of glucosinolates, which differentiate them from other vegetables. Glucosinolates, a class of sulphur-containing glycosides, present at substantial amounts in cruciferous vegetables, and their breakdown products such as the isothiocyanates, are believed to be responsible for their health benefits. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the chemopreventive effect of these compounds are likely to be manifold, possibly concerning very complex interactions, and thus difficult to fully understand. Therefore, this article provides a brief overview about the mechanism of such compounds involved in modulation of carcinogen metabolising enzyme systems.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2014

Glucosinolates (GLSs) are abundant in cruciferous vegetables and reported to have anti thyroidal effects. Four GLSs (sinigrin, progoitrin, glucoerucin, and glucotropaeolin) were administered orally to rats, and the breakdown products of GLSs (GLS-BPs: thiocyanate ions, cyanide ions, organic isothiocyanates, organic nitriles, and organic thiocyanates) were measured in serum. Thiocyanate ions were measured by colorimetric method, and cyanide ions were measured with CI-GC-MS. Organic isothiocyanates and their metabolites were measured with the cyclocondensation assay. Organic nitriles and organic thiocyanates were measured with EI-GC-MS. In all treatment groups except for progoitrin, thiocyanate ions were the highest among the five GLS-BPs. In the progoitrin treated group, a high concentration of organic isothiocyanates (goitrin) was detected. In the glucoerucin treated group, a relatively low amount of goitrogenic substances was observed. The metabolism to thiocyanate ions happened within five hours of the administration, and the distribution of GLSs varied with the side chain. GLSs with side chains that can form stable carbocation seemed to facilitate the degradation reaction and produce a large amount of goitrogenic thiocyanate ions. Because goitrogenic metabolites can be formed without myrosinase, the inactivation of myrosinase during cooking would have no effect on the anti-nutritional effect of GLSs in cruciferous vegetables.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2010년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.12-12
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• 2010

Nature applied flavanoids, glucosinolates and peptides for a great variety of functions. Flavanoids and glucosinolates are rich source of antioxidants, generally present in colored fruits and vegetables. Quercetin and its glucosides areone of the best examples of flavonol used in daily diet. Whereas peptides can act as antimicrobial, chemical messenger, neurotransmitter etc that regulating various life processes. Aspartame, a dipeptide is used as artificial sweetener and oxytocin for medical purposes, gained importance in everyday life. So, flavanoids, glucosinolates, peptides and their derivatives continue to hold the attention of synthetic chemists, agriculturists and biologists. Apart from a variety of naturally occurring bioactive metabolites, we are aiming to extract, separate and synthesize new analogs of promising natural drug candidates.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 배추와 양배추 에탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정하고, glucosinolates 함량을 HPLC로 분석하였다. 또한, MTT assay를 통한 암세포 증식 억제 활성을 측정하였다. 배추와 양배추 에탄올 추출물의 항산화물질로 알려진 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 308.48 및 344.75 ${\mu}g$ GAE/g dry weight으로 나타났으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 5.33 및 5.95 ${\mu}g$ QE/g dry weight으로 나타났다. 배추 추출물에서는 progoitrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin의 총 6개 glucosinolates를 확인하였다. 양배추 추출물에서는 glucoraphanin, sinigrin, glucobrassicin 및 4-methoxyglucobrassicin의 총 4개 glucosinolates를 확인하였다. 배추와 양배추 에탄올 추출물이 AGS 인체 위암세포주, HepG2 인체 간암세포주, LNCaP 인체 전립선암 세포주 증식에 미치는 영향을 MTT assay를 통해 알아보았다. 배추와 양배추 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 농도 의존적으로 암세포 증식 억제 효능이 증가하였다. 또한, 배추와 양배추 추출물을 암세포에 처리하고 배양하는 시간이 24시간에서 48시간으로 길어질수록 암세포 성장 억제 효능도 증가하였다. 배추와 양배추의 추출과정 중에 생성된 glucosinolate 가수분해 산물과 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 등의 생리활성 물질들이 암세포 성장 억제에 직접적인 영향을 주었을 것으로 사료된다. 한국인들이 자주 섭취하고 있는 배추와 양배추에는 주요 생리활성 물질인 글루코시놀레이트뿐 아니라 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드가 함유되어 있으며, 이들 추출물들은 암세포 증식 억제 효능이 있음을 보여주었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.371-380
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• 2018

배양액의 종류 및 LED를 이용한 다양한 광질 조건이 물냉이의 생장과 glucosinolates 함량에 미치는 영향을 3주간의 수경재배를 통하여 살펴보았다. 물냉이 종자를 암면배지에 파종 후 발아시켜, 2주간 육묘하였다. 유묘들은 semi-DFT 시스템에 이식하였다. 환경조절실은 주간온도 $20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$와 야간온도 $16{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 주간습도 $65{\pm}10%$와 야간습도 $75{\pm}10%$의 범위에서 조절되었으며 16/8h 조건의 광주기와 $180{\pm}10{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ 광강도를 유지하였다. 배양액은 오오츠카 하우스 1A(OTS), 한국원시(HES)과 화란온실작물연구소(PBG) 배양액을 초기 EC 1.0-1.3, pH 6.2와 형광등을 광원으로 실험하였다(실험-1). 광질에 대한 생육과 glucosinolates 함량을 분석하기 위하여 단색광(적색: R10, 백색: W10) 처리구와 혼합광(적청녹색: R2B1G1, 백청녹색: W2B1G1, 적색: R10, 적청색: R5B1, 적청색: R3B1)처리구를 두었다. 물냉이 지상부의 생육은 3개의 배양액 처리구에서 유의적인 차이가 발견되지 않았지만, 뿌리의 생체중은 HES와 비교하여 PBG와 OTS에서 13.7%와 55.1% 증가하였다. OTS 처리는 PBG와 HES 처리구에 비해 gluconasturtiin 함량이 96%, 65% 증가하였다. 백색광조건(W10)과 비교하여 적색광(R10) 처리는 초장이 101.3% 증가하였다. 청색광비율의 증가는 지상부 생육에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 물냉이의 건물중 당 glucosinolates 함량은 R2B1G1 처리구와 비교하여 R3B1 처리구에서 144.5% 증가하였으며, W10 처리구와 비교 시, 약 70% 증가하는 경향을 보였다. R3B1 처리구에서 물냉이의 생육과 총 glucosinolates의 함량이 가장 높게 나타났다.