• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.205-208
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• 1986

The 23 serovars of Bacillus thuringiensis strain were commonly gram-positive and motile, formed endotoxin crystals, produced acid and alkali in the KIA media, and acid from glucose, hydrolyzed starch, and reduced nitrate but did not produce H$_2$S, oxidase and indole, did not decompose lysine, ornithine, phenylalanine, malonate, lactose, dulcitol, adonitol, inositol, sorbitol, arabinose, raffinose, rhamnose, maltose, and xylose. Eighteen serovars were positive in the MR tests and 15 in the VP tests. Four serovars used citrate. Five serovars produced urease, 5 $CO_2$ from glucose, 2 DNase, and 15 lecithinase. Twelve serovars decomposed arginine, 11 did sucrose, 2 manitol, and 9 salicin Serovar tohokuensis did not hemolyze, but the others did.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.21-24
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• 1978

In order to estimate the chemical composition of Raspberry (IR Crataegifalius), the free amino acids were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer, and organic acids contents were determined by gas chromatography and the free sugars were detected by paper chromatography. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The free amino acids found in Raspberry were 18 kinds of them, especially, all essential amino acids were showed, and lysine was abundant among them, consequently it was found that the composition of amino acids in Raspberry is more superior than those of the other fruits. 2) The organic acids in Raspberry were found citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and fumaric acid. It was found that the quantity of the organic acids was less than those of other common fruits. 3) Sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose and mannose were detected by paper chromatography.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 1992

The comparative effects of ethylene oxide(EO) fumigation and gamma irradiation (5 kGy) were determined on the chemical components of exportable ginseng-leaf tea which is required for improving the hygienic quality. Saponins and fatty acids detected in the samples were found to be resistant to both treatments at the practical levels. In an experiment on free sugar and amino acids, however, quantitative analysis has shown that glucose, lysine and histidine in the samples are significantly decreased by EO fumigation (p<0.05) and that negligible changes were observed in gamma-irradiated samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.249-252
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• 1986

This quantitative analysis was carried out in order to investigate the isolation and identification of total amino acids and free sugars in Lycii fructus by using amino acid autoanalyzer and HPLC. 17 kinds of amino acids were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer, that is, aspartic acid, proline, glyclne, analine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenyla lanine, histidine, lysine, arginine, threonine, serine and glutamic acid. Threonine (3,745mg/100g) was the richest among them and total amounts of the essential amino acid, which was 53.93% of total amino acids, was 10,773mg/100g. Free sugars isolated by HPLC wet·e glucose, fructose and saccharose.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2018

This study was conducted to use fundamental data about functional foods based on pigmented rice varieties-2 types of normal rice, 6 types of black rice-to analyze changes in chemical component activity during germination. The results are summarized as follows: Germination rates of the pigmented rice varieties were the highest at $30^{\circ}C$. There was a tendency for crude protein contents to increase under the influence of germination periods, and the crude protein contents were the highest on the $6^{th}$ day. Crude fat contents were the highest on days 6-8. Nevertheless, the crude fat contents in pigmented rice decreased during the first 2 days, and subsequently, the contents increased steadily. Crude fiber contents were the highest on the $8^{th}$ day. However, there was no meaningful tendency. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents in the pigmented rice increased during germination. In normal rice, glucose content increased up to the $8^{th}$ day. It was higher than that of brown rice. However, sucrose and fructose contents showed no meaningful tendency. There was a general tendency for GABA, alanine, glutamic acid, asparagine, aspartic acid, and lysine contents in the pigmented rice to increase under the influence of germination periods. Aspartic acid and asparagine contents were shown to decrease, compared with that in pre-germinated normal rice. In all varieties, lysine was detected from the second germination day onwards, and on the $6^{th}$ day after germination, its contents were 6.24 mg/100 g and 15.58 mg/100 g in normal rice and pigmented rice, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.308-313
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• 2004

Native and acetylated soybean protein with acetylation percentage of $25\%$ were incubated with glucose to induce Maillard reaction. Acetylation of ${\varepsilon}$-amino group of lysine residues changed the conformation of soybean protein. The direct uv spectrum of native and acetylated soybean protein showed conformational changes with accessibility of tyrosine and tryptophan residues increased. Acetylation suppressed Maillard reaction between soybean protein and glucose. Acetylated soybean protein showed improved water sorption, fat binding, foam formation, and emulsion activity of the protein, but depressed brown pigment development and trypsin digestion. Thus aceylation prevented deterioration of certain functional characteristics that occurred during storage, besides causing functional characteristics to be improved on its own.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.416-420
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• 1999

The effects of GOD and yeast on glucose content and pH of broiler and porcine blood plasma were investigated. The initial glucose concentration of broiler and porcine blood plasma were $150mg/100cm^{3}\;and\;143mg/100cm^{3}$, respectively. Addition of GOD and yeast decreased glucose contents in broiler and porcine plasma. As expected, plasma glucose content decreased as incubation time increased. While 1080 and 1110 min were required to remove glucose from both broiler and porcine plasma at GOD 5 units/g and 480 and 1020 min were required at GOD 10 units/g, respectively; both required 240 min at 0.3% yeast (w/w). The Maillard reaction can be prevented by desugarization. During the removal of glucose, pH of the plasma decreased. As glucose content in plasma leveled off, the pH value of plasma increased. Therefore, pH may be used as an index of desugarization.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2004

Fast kinetics of transient pH changes and difference spectrum formation have been investigated following mixing of ADP/ATP with partially purified plasma membrane PM-ATPase of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans in the presence of five nutrients: glucose, glutamic acid, proline, lysine, and arginine and two analogs of glucose: 2-deoxy D-glucose and xylose. Average $H^+$- absorption to release ratio, indicative of population of ATPase undergoing complete hydrolytic cycle, was found to be 0.27 for control. This ratio varied between 0.25 (proline) to 0.36 (arginine) for all other compounds tested, except for glucose. In the presence of glucose, $H^+$- absorption to release ratio was exceptionally high (0.92). While no UV difference spectrum was observed with ADP, mixing of ATP with ATPase led to a large conformational change. Exposure to different nutrients restricted the magnitude of the conformational change; the analogs of glucose were found to be ineffective. This suppression was maximal in the case of glucose (80%); with other nutrients, the magnitude of suppression ranged from 40-50%. Rate of $H^+$- absorption, which is indicative of E~P complex dissociation, showed positive correlation with suppression of conformational change only in the case of glucose and no other nutrient/analog. Mode of interaction of glucose with plasma membrane $H^+$-ATPase thus appears to be strikingly distinct compared to that of other nutrients/analogs tested. The results obtained lead us to propose a model for explaining glucose stimulation of plasma membrane $H^+$-ATPase activity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 1994

The desmutagenic effects of seaweed and vegetable extracts were investigated on the mutagenicity of Maillard reaction products (MRP) obtained from equimolar amounts of glucose and amino acid (arginine and lysine${\cdot}$HCl) for Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 without S9 mix. The mutagenicities were inhibited by water-soluble extracts of seaweeds(laver, sea-straghorn, sea-mustard and tangle) and vegetables(ginger, garlic, onion, chinese-pepper, green-onion and cabbage). Cabbage, chinese-pepper, green-onion and sea-straghorn exhibited especially high desmutagenic effects. The desmutagenicities of these extracts(cabbage, green-onion and sea-straghorn) except for sea-straghorn were decreased by heat treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. It is assumed that the desmutagenic effect of seaweed and vegetable extract is due to the reducing power and action of enzyme such as peroxidase and catalase.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 1991

The culture conditions and nutritional requirements for enhanced mycelial growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus P. tinctorius SMF were determined in flask scale experiments. Optimum culture conditions for growth of P. tinctorius SMF in a further modified Melin-Norkrans broth were as follows; temperature 25~$27^{\circ}C$, agitation 120 rpm, and pH 4.0. P. tinctorius SMF utilized various carbon sources including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. D-Glucose and mannitol were respectively the first and second most suitable carbon sources for mycelial growth. With D-Glucose as the principal carbon source, supplementation of modified Melin-Norkrans (MMN) broth with Lysine (800 mg/l), Glutamic Acid (500 mg/l), or Proline (50 mg/l) enhanced mycelial yields 63%, 34%, and 22% respectively as compared to growth in medium lacking amino acids. ThiaminㆍHCl＋biotin＋pyridoxine supplementation also enhanced growth. As compared to mycelial growth in the MMN medium, growth of P. tinctorius SMF was enhanced 120% in MMN broth when the carbon/nitrogen ratio was 25/1 in citrate buffer at pH 4.5, and growth was 50% greater in MMN broth of carbon/nitrogen ratio with a 10/1~20/1 without using the buffer. Standard conditions established for growth of P. tinctorius SMF in MMN broth were 25~$27^{\circ}C$, agitation 120 rpm, buffered to pH 4.0 with citrate, in MMN medium containing 10 g/l D-glucose supplemented with 800 mg/l lysine. In this medium the carbon/nitrogen ratio was 20/1~25/1, and the maximal mycelial yield ($Y_{x/s}$ ) was 0.472 (4.72 mg/ml) after 7 days of incubation, as compared to 0.214 (2.14 mg/ml), when the fungus was grown in standard MMN broth.